The prediction of pause fillers plays a crucial role in enhancing the naturalness of synthesized speech. In recent years, neural networks, including LSTM, BERT, and XLNet, have been employed for pause fillers prediction modules. However, these method...
Background/Objectives: Dysprosody is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet pause-related abnormalities in Mandarin spontaneous speech remain undercharacterized. This study examined whether spontaneous speech reveals more pronounced...
Speech pauses between turns of conversations are crucial for assessing conversation partners’ cognitive states, such as their knowledge, confidence and willingness to grant requests; in general, speakers making longer pauses are regarded as les...
According to previous studies, during Drosophila embryogenesis, the recruitment of RNA polymerase II precedes active gene transcription. This work is aimed at exploring whether this mechanism is used during Drosophila metamorphosis. In addition, the...
This research paper addresses the challenge of providing effective feedback on spontaneous speech produced by second language (L2) English learners. As the position of pauses and lexical stress is often considered a determinative factor for easy comp...
Different methods and sources of information have been proposed in the literature to study the processing of language and, in particular, instances of formulaic language such as multiword units. This article explores the possibility of using pause pl...
Clinical studies have shown that speech pauses can reflect the cognitive function differences between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and non-AD patients, while the value of pause information in AD detection has not been fully explored. Herein, we pro...
Filled pauses (i.e., gaps in speech production filled with non-lexical vocalizations) have been studied for more than sixty years in different languages. These studies utilize many different approaches to explore the origins, specific patterns, forms...
Background: In patients with complete atrioventricular block (AVB), the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with pause-dependent AVB (PD-AVB) is not known. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of PD-AVB in a population of patien...
In order to improve the data productivity of a wind tunnel test, the model under investigation in the wind tunnel is moved continuously with a predetermined constant angular speed in the so-called pitch–traverse mode. Alternatively, the wind tu...
Cockayne syndrome group B protein (CSB), a member of the SWI/SNF superfamily, resides in an elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) complex and regulates transcription elongation. CSB contains a C-terminal winged helix domain (WHD) that binds to ubiqui...
In poetry declamation, the appropriate use of prosody to cause pleasure is essential. Among the prosodic parameters, pause is one of the most effective to engage the listeners and provide them with a pleasant experience. The declamation of three poem...
Background/Objectives: Pausing is a multifaceted phenomenon relevant to motor and cognitive disorders, particularly Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Thus, examining pauses as a metric for linguistic planning and motor speech difficulties in PD patient...
Detecting unnatural pauses is a critical component of automated quality assessment (AQA) in interpreter training, as pause patterns directly reflect an interpreter’s cognitive load and fluency. Traditional pause detection methods rely on static...
Pauses act as important acoustic cues to prosodic phrase boundaries. However, the distribution and phonetic characteristics of pauses have not yet been fully described either cross-linguistically or in different genres and speech styles within langua...
The promoter-proximal pause induced by the binding of the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and the negative elongation factor (NELF) to RNAP II is a key step in the regulation of metazoan gene expression. It helps maintain a permissive chromati...
A rest–pause (RP) technique involves performing one or more repetitions at high resistance to failure, followed by a short rest before performing one or more repetitions. These techniques can affect neuromuscular conditions and fatigue by chang...
Regulation of translation is a crucial step in gene expression. Developmental signals and environmental stimuli dynamically regulate translation via upstream small open reading frames (uORFs) and ribosome pausing. Recent studies have revealed many pl...
It is broadly accepted that the prosody of a sentence can influence sentence processing by providing the listener information about the syntax of the sentence. It is less clear what the mechanism is that underlies the transmission of this information...
Cell autonomous circadian oscillation is present in central and various peripheral tissues. The intrinsic tissue clock and various extrinsic cues drive gene expression rhythms. Transcription regulation is thought to be the main driving force for gene...
Background and Objectives: Recent studies highlight the importance of investigating biomarkers for diagnosing and classifying patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Even though there is ongoing research on pathophysiological indices in this...
Filled pauses are thought to be reflections of linguistic processes (e.g., lexical retrieval, speech planning and execution). Uh may be a self-directed cue for when a speaker needs more time to retrieve lexical–semantic representations, whereas...
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) as a swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithm has been widely applied to solve various real-world optimization problems. However, traditional PSO algorithms encounter issues such as premature convergence and a...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects liver cells and often causes chronic infection, also leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer. In the cytoplasm, the viral structural and non-structural (NS) proteins are directly translated from the plus strand HCV RNA g...
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (S protein) acquired a unique new 4 amino acid -PRRA- insertion sequence at amino acid residues (aa) 681–684 that forms a new furin cleavage site in S protein as well as several new glycosylation sites. We studied va...
Intracellular transport is essential for cellular organization and function. This process is driven by molecular motors that ferry cargo along microtubules, but is characterized by intermittent motility, where cargoes switch between directed runs and...
This study examines the distribution and acoustic characteristics of filled pauses (FPs) in Urdu, a language underrepresented in disfluency research. Drawing on a spontaneous speech dataset from 18 female speakers, the analysis considers the types of...
The terms hesitation, planner, filler, and filled pause do not always refer to the same phonetic entities. This terminological conundrum is approached by investigating the observational, explanatory, and descriptive inadequacies of the terms in use....
Dementia is primarily caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It affects millions worldwide, making detection and monitoring crucial. This study focuses on the detection of dementia from speech transcripts of control...
Pulling is one of the manual material handling activities that could lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The objectives of this study were to explore the development of muscular fatigue when performing intermittent pulling tasks and to es...
20 February 2023
The risk for future suicidal behaviours is elevated following suicide attempts, particularly for those with complex needs or those who are disconnected from healthcare systems. The PAUSE program was designed to address this gap using peer workers to...
Virus filtration is an essential unit operation used to validate clearance of adventitious virus during the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies. Obtaining at least a 10,000-fold reduction in virus particles in the...
N6-methyladenosine modification (m6A) fine-tunes RNA fate in a variety of ways, thus regulating multiple fundamental biological processes. m6A writers bind to chromatin and interact with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) during transcription. To evaluate ho...
Background: The therapeutically important DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is silenced by promoter methylation in human brain cancers. The co-players/regulators associated with this process and the subsequent progression...
Cripowellins from Crinum erubescens are known pesticidal and have potent antiplasmodial activity. To gain mechanistic insights to this class of natural products, studies to determine the timing of action of cripowellins within the asexual intraerythr...
The examination of connected speech may serve as a valuable tool for exploring speech output in both healthy speakers and individuals with language disorders. Numerous studies incorporate various fluency and silence measures into their analyses to in...
Speech fluency is a major challenge for young persons who stutter. Reading aloud, in particular, puts high demands on fluency, not only regarding online text decoding and articulation, but also in terms of prosodic performance. A written text has to...
The duration of inter-speaker pauses is a pragmatically salient aspect of conversation that is affected by linguistic and non-linguistic context. Theories of conversational turn-taking imply that, due to listener entrainment to the flow of syllables,...
Several studies have been conducted in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) in search of their fatigue limit beyond their typical service life, which is itself in the order of 108 loading cycles. The ul...
Drug abuse continues to pose a significant challenge in HIV control efforts. In our investigation, we discovered that cocaine not only upregulates the expression of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) but also augments DNA-PK activation by enha...
This study examines changes in Earth’s energy budget during and after the global warming “pause” (or “hiatus”) using observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System. We find a marked 0.83 ±...
The efficiency of separation processes using ion exchange membranes (IEMs), especially in the food industry, is significantly limited by the fouling phenomenon, which is the process of the attachment and growth of certain species on the surface and i...
Stakeholders from parents to policy-makers are concerned about youth online safety. Present solutions are frequently punitive and often lack opportunities for youth to make mistakes and try again in a safe environment. This paper proposes a new frame...
Silence, self-interruptions, or hesitations in spontaneous speech are often interpreted as markers of oral disfluency as they lead to difficulties in delivering a message and in processing it. The main purpose of this study is to examine how such mar...
Gene expression is tightly regulated during hematopoiesis. Recent studies have suggested that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter proximal pausing, a temporary stalling downstream of the promoter region after initiation, plays a critical role in regu...
Hesitations are often used by speakers in spontaneous speech not only to organise and prepare their speech but also to address any obstacles that may arise during delivery. Given the relationship between hesitation phenomena and motor and/or cognitiv...
Processing acid whey is still a challenge for the dairy industry due to its high lactic acid and mineral contents. Their removal processes represent a high investment and running cost in addition to significant production of polluting effluents. A pr...
In the process of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase, promoter DNA sequences affect multiple reaction pathways determining the productivity of transcription. However, the question of how the molecular mechanism of transcription initiation dep...
This study investigates whether specific acoustic features can reliably indicate phrase boundaries for automatic detection. It includes (1) an analysis of acoustic markers at the end of prosodic units—intonational phrases, intermediate phrases,...
This study investigates the interplay of spoken and gestural hesitations under varying amounts of cognitive load. We argue that not only fillers and silences, as the most common hesitations, are directly related to speech pausing behavior, but that h...
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