Search Results (293)

Deep space Color Remote Sensing Images (DCRSIs) are of great significance in reconstructing the three-dimensional appearance of celestial bodies. Among them, deep space color restoration, as a means to ensure the authenticity of deep space image colors, has significant research value. The existing deep space color restoration methods have gradually evolved into a joint restoration mode that integrates color images and spectrometers to overcome the limitations of on-orbit calibration plates; however, there is limited research on theoretical models for this type of method. Therefore, this article begins with the physical process of deep space color imaging, gradually establishes a color imaging spectral model, and proposes a new color restoration method for the color restoration of Mars remote sensing images. The experiment verifies that our proposed method can significantly reduce color deviation, achieving an average of 8.43 CIE DE 2000 color deviation units, a decrease of 2.63 (23.78%) compared to the least squares method. The color deviation decreased by 21.47 (71.81%) compared to before restoration. Hence, our method can improve the accuracy of color restoration of DCRSIs in space orbit. Full article

Background and Objectives: Orbital floor fractures are challenging to treat, due to the complex orbital anatomy and limited surgical access. Emerging technologies—such as virtual surgical planning (VSP), 3D printing, patient-specific implants (PSIs), and intraoperative navigation—offer promising advancements to improve the surgical precision and clinical outcomes. This review systematically evaluates and synthesizes current technological modalities with respect to their accuracy, operative duration, cost-effectiveness, and postoperative functional outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The PubMed, Scopus, and PRIMO databases were searched for clinical studies published between 2019 and September 2024. Out of 229 articles identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using the PICO framework. Results: VSP and 3D printing enhanced diagnostics and presurgical planning, offering improved accuracy and reduced planning time. Pre-bent PSIs shaped on 3D models showed superior accuracy, lower operative times, and better cost efficiency compared to intraoperative mesh shaping. Custom-designed PSIs offered high precision and clinical benefit but required a longer production time. Intraoperative navigation improved implant positioning and reduced the complication rates, though a detailed cost analysis remains limited. Conclusions: VSP, 3D printing, and intraoperative navigation significantly improve surgical planning and outcomes in orbital floor reconstruction. Pre-bent PSIs provide a time- and cost-effective solution with strong clinical performance. While customized PSIs offer accuracy, they are less practical in time-sensitive settings. Navigation systems are promising tools that enhance outcomes and may serve as an alternative to custom implants when time or resources are limited. Full article

Topological orientation structures in chiral nematic liquid crystals, such as torons, exhibit promising optical properties and are of increasing interest for applications in photonic devices. However, despite this attention, their polarization and phase dynamics during formation remain insufficiently explored. In this work, we investigate the dynamic optical response of a toron generated by focused femtosecond infrared laser pulses. A custom-designed polarization holographic microscope is employed to simultaneously record four polarization-resolved interferograms in a single exposure. This enables the real-time reconstruction of the Jones matrix, providing a complete description of the local polarization transformation introduced by the formation of the topological structure. The study demonstrates that torons can facilitate spin–orbit coupling of light in a manner analogous to q-plates, highlighting their potential for advanced vector beam shaping and topological photonics applications. Full article

Background/Objectives: Orbital fractures are common facial injuries that require precise reconstruction to restore both function and esthetics. Heterologous cortical lamina and titanium preformed meshes are widely used for orbital wall reconstruction; however, comparative data on their outcomes remain limited. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 67 patients treated for orbital fractures at Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, between January 2021 and November 2024. Patients underwent orbital reconstruction using either a heterologous cortical lamina or titanium mesh. Clinical data, including demographics, trauma etiology, fracture characteristics, surgical approach, and postoperative complications were collected. Outcomes such as diplopia, enophthalmos, ocular motility, and sensory impairment were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively and compared between groups. Statistical analyses included Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests, with logistic regression to identify risk factors for complications. Results: Accidental falls were the leading cause of injury (46.3%), with the orbital floor being the most commonly affected site (83.6%). Postoperative complications occurred in 15% of patients, with diplopia significantly reduced from 47.8% preoperatively to 10.4% postoperatively (p < 0.05). Sensory impairment and motility restrictions also improved significantly. Patients reconstructed using heterologous cortical lamina experienced significantly fewer postoperative complications compared to those treated with titanium mesh (OR = 0.171, 95% CI: 0.023–0.799, p = 0.040). Conclusions: Both heterologous cortical lamina and titanium mesh provide effective orbital reconstruction; however, the heterologous cortical lamina was associated with fewer postoperative complications, particularly diplopia and sensory impairment. Material selection should consider the fracture complexity, patient characteristics, and potential long-term outcomes. Full article

The analysis of rockfall events provides critical insights for deciphering planetary geological processes and reconstructing environmental evolutionary timelines. Conventional visual interpretation methods that rely on orbiter imagery can be inefficient due to their massive datasets and subtle morphological signatures. While deep learning technologies, particularly object detection models, demonstrate transformative potential, they require specific adaptation to planetary imaging constraints, including low contrast, grayscale inputs, and small-target detection. Our coordinated optimization strategy integrates dynamic cropping optimization with architectural innovations: Kolmogorov–Arnold Network based C3 module (KANC3) replaces RepC3 through Legendre polynomial decomposition to strengthen feature representation, while our dynamic cropping strategy significantly improves small-target detection in low-contrast grayscale imagery by mitigating background and target imbalance. Experimental validation on the optimized RMaM-2020 dataset demonstrates that Real-Time Detection Transformer with a ResNet-18 backbone and Kolmogorov–Arnold Network based C3 module (RT-DETR-R18-KANC3) achieves 0.982 precision, 0.955 recall, and 0.964 mAP50 under low-contrast conditions, representing a 1% improvement over the baseline model and exceeding YOLO-series models by >40% in relative performance metrics. Full article

In this paper, a novel optimization framework based on 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) for high-fidelity 3D reconstruction of space targets under exposure bracketing conditions is studied. In the considered scenario, multi-view optical imagery captures space targets under complex and dynamic illumination, where severe inter-frame brightness variations degrade reconstruction quality by introducing photometric inconsistencies and blurring fine geometric details. Unlike existing methods, we explicitly address these challenges by integrating exposure-aware adaptive refinement and edge-preserving regularization into the 3DGS pipeline. Specifically, we propose an exposure bracketing-oriented bounding box (OBB) regional densification strategy to dynamically identify and refine under-reconstructed regions. In addition, we introduce a Sobel edge regularization mechanism to guide the learning of sharp geometric features and improve texture fidelity. To validate the framework, experiments are conducted on both a custom OBR-ST dataset and the public SHIRT dataset, demonstrating that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in geometric accuracy and visual quality under exposure-bracketing scenarios. The results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in enabling robust in-orbit perception for space applications. Full article

First-principles calculations were conducted to examine the impact of three sulfonamide-containing molecules (H₄N₂O₂S, CH₈N₄O₃S, and C₂H₂N₆O₄S) adsorbed on the FAPbI₃(001) perovskite surface, aiming to establish a significant positive correlation between the molecular structures and their regulatory effects on the perovskite surface. A systematic comparison was conducted to evaluate the adsorption stability of the three molecules on the two distinct surface terminations. The results show that all three molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the FAPbI₃(001) surface, with C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S demonstrating the most favorable binding stability due to its extended frameworks and multiple electron-donating/withdrawing groups. Simpler molecules lacking carbon skeletons exhibit weaker adsorption and less dependence on surface termination. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) further corroborated the thermal stability of the stable adsorption configurations at elevated temperatures. Electronic structure analysis reveals that molecular adsorption significantly reconstructs the density of states (DOS) on the PbI₂-terminated surface, inducing shifts in band-edge states and enhancing energy-level coupling between molecular orbitals and surface states. In contrast, the FAI-terminated surface shows weaker interactions. Charge density difference (CDD) analysis indicates that the molecules form multiple coordination bonds (e.g., Pb–O, Pb–S, and Pb–N) with uncoordinated Pb atoms, facilitated by –SO₂–NH₂ groups. Bader charge and work function analyses indicate that the PbI₂-terminated surface exhibits more pronounced electronic coupling and interfacial charge transfer. The C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S adsorption system demonstrates the most substantial reduction in work function. Optical property calculations show a distinct red-shift in the absorption edge along both the XX and YY directions for all adsorption systems, accompanied by enhanced absorption intensity and broadened spectral range. These findings suggest that sulfonamide-containing molecules, particularly C₂H₁₂N₆O₄S with extended carbon skeletons, can effectively stabilize the perovskite interface, optimize charge transport pathways, and enhance light-harvesting performance. Full article

This study analyzes the potential of optical and radar satellite data to monitor faba bean (Vicia faba L.) phenology over six years (2016–2021) in southwestern France. Using Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8 data, temporal variations in NDVI and radar backscatter coefficients (γ⁰_VV, γ⁰_VH, and γ⁰_VH/VV) are examined to assess crop growth, detect anomalies, and evaluate the impact of climatic conditions and sowing strategies. The results show that NDVI and the radar ratio (γ⁰_VH/VV) were suited to monitor faba bean phenology, with distinct growth phases observed annually. NDVI provides a clear seasonal pattern but is affected by cloud cover, while radar backscatter offers continuous monitoring, making their combination highly beneficial. The signal γ⁰_VH/VV exhibits well-marked correlations with NDVI (r = 0.81) and LAI (r = 0.83), particularly in orbit 30, which provides greater sensitivity to vegetation changes. The analysis of individual fields (inter-field approach) reveals variations in sowing strategies, with both autumn and spring plantings detected. Fields sown in autumn show early NDVI (and γ⁰_VH/VV) increases, while spring-sown fields display delayed growth patterns. This study also highlights the impact of climatic factors, such as precipitation and temperature, on inter-annual variability. Moreover, faba beans used as an intercropping species exhibit a shorter and more intense growth cycle, with a rapid NDVI (and γ⁰_VH/VV) increase and an earlier end of the vegetative cycle compared to standard rotations. Double logistic modeling successfully reconstructs temporal trends, achieving high accuracy (r > 0.95 and rRMSE < 9% for γ⁰_VH/VV signals and r > 0.89 and rRMSE < 15% for NDVI). These double logistic functions are capable of reproducing the differences in phenological development observed between fields and years, providing a reference set of functions that can be used to monitor the phenological development of faba beans in real time. Future applications could extend this methodology to other crops and explore alternative radar systems for improved monitoring (such as TerraSAR-X, Cosmos-SkyMed, ALOS-2/PALSAR, NISAR, ROSE-L…). Full article

Land Surface Temperature (LST), as a core variable in the coupling of land–atmosphere energy transfers and ecological responses, relies heavily on the global coverage capacity of thermal infrared remote sensing (TIR-LST) for dynamic monitoring. Currently, the time reconstruction method of the TIR-LST products from China’s Fengyun polar-orbiting satellite under dynamic cloud interference remains under exploration. This study focuses on the Heihe River Basin in western China, and addresses the issue of cloud coverage in relation to the Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) satellite TIR-LST. An innovative spatiotemporal reconstruction framework based on multi-source data collaboration was developed. Using a hybrid ensemble learning framework of random forest and ridge regression, environmental parameters such as vegetation index (NDVI), land cover type (LC), digital elevation model (DEM), and terrain slope were integrated. A downscaling and multi-factor collaborative representation model for land surface temperature was constructed, thereby integrating the passive microwave LST and thermal infrared VIRR-LST from the FY-3C satellite. This produced a seamless LST dataset with 1 km resolution for the period of 2017–2019, with temporal continuity across space. The validation results show that the reconstructed data significantly improves accuracy compared to the original VIRR-LST and demonstrates notable spatiotemporal consistency with MODIS LST at the daily scale (annual R² ≥ 0.88, RMSE < 2.3 K). This method successfully reconstructed the FY-3C satellite’s 1 km level all-weather LST time series, providing reliable technical support for the use of domestic satellite data in remote sensing applications such as ecological drought monitoring and urban heat island tracking. Full article

Objective: Trauma is a leading cause of enophthalmos, typically resulting from an increase in the volume of the bony orbit. The general consensus is that post-traumatic primary deformity repair should aim to restore the premorbid volume, shape, and cosmesis of the orbitozygomatic complex (OZC). This study aims to utilise novel three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific moulds to intraoperatively fabricate enophthalmos wedges and onlays using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement to reconstruct the OZC. Methods: A total of seven patients underwent digital surgical planning using Freeform software to virtually correct orbitozygomatic complex deformities guided by a design algorithm. Three-dimensionally printed nylon patient-specific moulds were used intraoperatively to fabricate enophthalmos wedges and/or onlays using an industry-standard PMMA bone cement. Clinical examination and application of the proposed design algorithm determined that enophthalmos wedges were indicated for four patients, with one also requiring an onlay; and periorbital onlays were required for the three remaining patients. Results: Hertel exophthalmometry at a mean follow-up of 19.1 months demonstrated good outcomes in the correction of post-traumatic enophthalmos and hypoglobus and with patients reporting good subjective cosmetic results. Patients 5 and 7 had follow-up three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) to confirm correct placement. Conclusion: The use of patient-specific PMMA wedges and onlays, fabricated intraoperatively with the aid of 3D-printed moulds, offers a reliable and effective approach for correcting post-traumatic enophthalmos and hypoglobus. This method allows for the restoration of orbital volume and anatomical contours, addressing both functional and aesthetic concerns. Our results demonstrate that this technique yields favourable outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Orbital fractures are a very serious problem due to the close location of the eyeball and a direct path to brain injuries, which is associated with serious consequences. This study aims to assess the usefulness of the Orbital Destruction Intensity (ODI) scale. Additionally, this article includes elements of an epidemiological study. Methods: A retrospective study of 160 patients admitted to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Łódź (Poland) between January 2021 and June 2024 was conducted. In this study, general patient information (gender, age), details about the injuries (cause, affected orbit, accompanying symptoms), diagnosis (ODI scale, pathological classification), and treatment were assessed. Analysis of the distribution of features and regression analysis was performed in the case of quantitative data. To compare the assessment of the impact of a categorical variable on a quantitative variable, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The main cause of the accident was assault, which accounted for 39% of cases. An X-ray examination showed that patients had an average ODI score of 2.92 ± 1.69. Patients with low ODI scores mostly had isolated fractures of the orbital floor. As ODI scores increased, zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMCO) fractures became more common as an additional fracture (p < 0.05). For patients with low ODI scores, treatment generally involves reconstructing the orbital wall with titanium mesh. For those with higher ODI scores, treatment may include microplate osteosynthesis or a combination of both methods (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A correlation was observed between the diagnosis based on ODI, anatomical classification, and the treatment provided. This relationship is related to the nature of the ODI scale, as, when the severity of the injury increases, additional anatomical structures (walls or rims of the orbit) are included. Full article

Multiband and nodal-like superconductivity (SC) with s- + d-wave pairing symmetry have implied that tetragonal iron sulphide (FeS) is a distinctive testbed for exploring unexpected electronic correlations. In particular, the low-moment disordered static magnetism originating from the Fe moment leads to the possibility of the coexistence of magnetic orders (MOs) in the superconducting ground state via the tuning of electronic configurations. Here, guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we found that slightly substitutionally doped chromium (Cr) atoms in tetragonal FeS single crystals can induce both considerable d-orbital reconstruction around the Fermi surface and a local magnetic moment of 2.4 µ_B at each doping site, which could highly modulate the SC ground states of the host. On this basis, a clear magnetic transition and reduced anisotropy of SC were experimentally observed. In particular, SC can survive with a doping content below 0.05. This coexistence of SC and MOs suggests strong spin correlations between Cr dopants and the host through exchange coupling. Further, an electronic temperature-related phase diagram of FeS with Cr doping contents from 0 to 0.07 is also provided. These results demonstrate that the continuous injection of local moments can be a controllable method to use to tune collective orders in unconventional iron-based superconductors. Full article

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the correlated electronic structure reconstruction of the ferromagnetic CrSBr van der Waals (vdW) bulk crystal. Using generalized gradient approximation combined with dynamical mean-field theory, we show the minor role played by multi-orbital electron–electron interactions in semiconducting CrSBr. Our study is relevant to understanding the electronic structure within the ${Cr}^{3+}$ oxidation state with strongly spin-polarized $t_{2g}$ orbitals and should be applicable to other ferromagnetic vdW materials from bulk down to the low-dimensional limit. This work is relevant for understanding orbital and spin selectivity and its link to the memristor current–voltage characteristic of CrSBr for future neuromorphic computing. Full article

We present a Fisher information matrix study of the parameter estimation precision achievable by a class of future space-based, “mid-band”, gravitational wave interferometers observing monochromatic signals. The mid-band is the frequency region between that accessible by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and ground-based interferometers. We analyze monochromatic signals observed by the TianQin mission, gLISA (a LISA-like interferometer in a geosynchronous orbit) and a descoped gLISA mission, gLISA_d, characterized by an acceleration noise level that is three orders of magnitude worse than that of gLISA. We find that all three missions achieve their best angular source reconstruction precision in the higher part of their accessible frequency band, with an error box better than ${10}^{-10}$ sr in the frequency band [${10}^{-1},10$] Hz when observing a monochromatic gravitational wave signal of amplitude $h_0={10}^{-21}$ that is incoming from a given direction. In terms of their reconstructed frequencies and amplitudes, TianQin achieves its best precision values in both quantities in the frequency band [${10}^{-2},4\times {10}^{-1}$] Hz, with a frequency precision ${\sigma }_{f_{gw}}=2\times {10}^{-11}$ Hz and an amplitude precision ${\sigma }_{h_0}=2\times {10}^{-24}$. gLISA matches these precisions in a frequency band slightly higher than that of TianQin, [$3\times {10}^{-2},1$] Hz, as a consequence of its smaller arm length. gLISA_d, on the other hand, matches the performance of gLISA only over the narrower frequency region, [$7\times {10}^{-1},1$] Hz, as a consequence of its higher acceleration noise at lower frequencies. The angular, frequency, and amplitude precisions as functions of the source sky location are then derived by assuming an average signal-to-noise ratio of 10 at a selected number of gravitational wave frequencies covering the operational bandwidth of TianQin and gLISA. Similar precision functions are then derived for gLISA_d by using the amplitudes resulting in the gLISA average SNR being equal to 10 at the selected frequencies. We find that, for any given source location, all three missions display a marked precision improvement in the three reconstructed parameters at higher gravitational wave frequencies. Full article

Background/Objectives: This case report presents a unique case of multiple postoperative complications, including sterile silicone implant extrusion, symblepharon formation, and the development of a giant cyst, following extensive multimodal chemotherapy for unilateral retinoblastoma in a pediatric patient. The case was further complicated by recurrent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, which persisted despite multiple eradication attempts. Methods: A 5-year-old boy presented with right-sided proptosis one year after receiving a secondary dermis-fat orbital graft. He had undergone 12 cycles of intravitreal, intra-arterial, and systemic chemotherapy as well as thermotherapy and cryotherapy due to recurrent retinoblastoma in the right eye. Following a third relapse, secondary enucleation was performed with a primary silicone orbital implant. However, extrusion of the implant occurred, and an orbital swab confirmed MRSA colonization. A secondary dermis-fat graft was harvested and implanted after ensuring MRSA clearance. A year later, the child developed rapid right-sided proptosis. Ultrasound revealed a cyst within the dermis-fat graft measured 23.6 mm in anteroposterior diameter. Surgery was postponed due to chickenpox, and the cyst enlarged reaching an anteroposterior diameter of 26.7 mm over two months. A complete excision was performed. Results: The surgery was uneventful. Intraoperative orbital swab was sterile, but MRSA was detected in a conjunctival swab, leading to treatment with local moxifloxacin drops and oral rifampicin. Conclusions: Giant cyst formation in a dermis-fat graft is an extremely rare complication. Complete excision remains the treatment of choice. However, in this case, it resulted in persistent anophthalmic socket syndrome, posing further reconstructive challenges. Full article