Search Results (1,878)

Background: Prior SMA mortality studies have shown excess mortality in people with SMA, but the literature lacks data on disparities in SMA-related mortality. This study examined disparities in SMA-related mortality in the United States in the post-treatment era (2018–2023). Methods: This was a population-based study using the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. The International Classification of Disease (ICD), 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes, G12.0, G12.1, G12.8, and G12.9, were used to identify SMA. The data were stratified by biological sex, race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic/NH White, NH Black, Hispanic, Asian) and Census regions (West, Northeast, Midwest, South). The analysis was conducted by calculating rate ratios (RR) of age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR). Results: There were 821 (45.8% female) SMA-related deaths across the study period. Males were associated with higher AAMR than females (RR = 1.189, 95% CI: 1.035 to 1.366). The SMA-AAMR for NH White individuals was the highest compared to Hispanic individuals (RR = 1.808, 95% CI: 1.420 to 2.300), followed by NH Black and Asian individuals. The West carried the highest AAMR compared to the Northeast (RR = 1.581, 95% CI: 1.263 to 1.978), followed by the Midwest and the South. The age at death distribution showed a bimodal pattern, as follows: 5–14 years and 65–74 years. The infant age group (<1 year) was associated with the highest AAMR compared to all other age groups. Conclusion: Our findings showed that SMA-related mortality was highest in infants, NH White individuals, the West, and males. These data may assist future efforts to reduce the burden of SMA. Full article

(1) Background: Regulations governing food supplements vary considerably across countries, allowing products that are prohibited in one jurisdiction to be legally sold in another. Furthermore, online sales enable and facilitate this practice. Regarding pharmaceutical malpractice, the absence of a standardized European framework complicates the evaluation of pharmacist liability. As a result, the specific elements of the liability framework are defined by the national legislation of each Member State. The aim of our review is to map the global regulatory landscape of food supplements and to examine the pharmacist’s professional responsibilities, including instances of malpractice related to this area. (2) Methods: A literature review covering publications from January 2020 to December 2024 was performed using four databases: Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The search retrieved 8243 records, of which 77 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The extracted data were organized into five main themes: pharmacist responsibility and malpractice, food supplement regulation, consumer safety, health claims, and pharmacist knowledge. (3) Results: The literature reviewed indicated a relatively low number of malpractice cases within the pharmacy profession compared to other professions. A higher incidence of cases is observed among male pharmacists and those practicing in the private sector. Notably, no cases have been identified addressing pharmacists’ responsibilities in the dispensing of food supplements. In the context of food supplement regulation, the reviewed literature highlights a lack of standardized terminology and harmonized legislation across different jurisdictions. Therefore, products may be classified differently across jurisdictions. Another observed barrier is the considerable variation in market access requirements across countries. Regarding consumer safety, several irregularities have been observed. Substantial non-compliance in both product composition and labeling has been observed, reflecting insufficient quality control measures. Concerning health claims, significant regulatory non-compliance with European Union regulations has been documented. In addition, widespread misleading advertising practices have been observed. With respect to pharmacists’ knowledge, the reviewed literature identifies several professional challenges within pharmacy practice, particularly those concerning the dispensing of food supplements. (4) Conclusions: This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the literature published over the past five years concerning pharmaceutical malpractice cases, as well as an examination of food supplement regulation and the professional responsibilities of pharmacists. A recurring barrier identified is the absence of unified regulatory frameworks worldwide. This results in uncertainty concerning the pharmacist’s professional role and responsibilities. Full article

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibits marked genetic heterogeneity between early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset (LOAD) forms. EOAD is typically associated with highly penetrant variants, whereas LOAD follows a polygenic architecture dominated by non-coding variation. However, the tissue-specific regulatory consequences of these variants remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to compare the regulatory genomic architectures underlying EOAD and LOAD using a multi-tissue integrative approach. Methods: GWAS-associated variants for EOAD and LOAD were retrieved from the GWAS Catalog using a relaxed significance threshold (p < 1 × 10⁻⁵). Variants were functionally annotated and integrated with GTEx v8 eQTL data across 13 neurologically relevant tissues and peripheral blood. Regulatory effects were evaluated using eQTL slope estimates. Basal gene expression patterns were assessed using GTEx RNA-seq data, and protein–protein interaction and functional enrichment analyses were performed using the STRING database. Results: A total of 287 variants were analyzed (32 EOAD, 255 LOAD), with minimal overlap. EOAD exhibited a highly focal regulatory profile, identifying GSE1 as the sole eQTL-regulated gene, restricted to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9). In contrast, LOAD displayed a broad multi-tissue regulatory architecture involving APH1B, APOE, CEP63, and HAVCR2, with heterogeneous tissue-specific effects. LOAD-regulated genes converged on pathways related to γ-secretase activity, amyloid precursor protein processing, and Notch signaling, whereas GSE1-associated interactions were enriched for chromatin organization and epigenetic repression. Conclusions: EOAD and LOAD exhibit distinct regulatory genomic architectures, with EOAD characterized by focal, region-specific regulation and LOAD by widespread, tissue-dependent effects, highlighting stage-specific molecular mechanisms contributing to AD heterogeneity. Full article

Background: Radiation therapy is an important treatment method for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, predicting patient prognosis remains challenging due to considerable interpatient heterogeneity. The TP53 signaling pathway, implicated in tumor radiosensitivity and treatment outcomes, represents a promising predictive biomarker. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to identify TP53-signaling pathway-related genes and develop a novel prognostic model for risk stratification for NSCLC patients undergoing radiation therapy. Methods: Publicly available NSCLC transcriptomic datasets were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases. Utilizing bioinformatics approaches, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the TP53 signaling pathway. Feature selection was performed using LASSO regression, followed by the construction of a multivariate-Cox-regression-based prognostic prediction model. In vitro validation was performed using a cell viability assay, colony formation, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection, γH2AX immunofluorescence staining and comet electrophoresis. In vivo validation was performed utilizing a subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model, where radiosensitivity was assessed by monitoring tumor volume post-irradiation. Results: We constructed a robust prognostic prediction model based on five TP53-signaling-pathway-related genes (MDM2, THBS1, TP53I3, ATM, and SESN3), achieving a 5-year AUC of 0.828 in the training set and a 3-year AUC of 0.824 in the validation set. The model exhibited a significant ability to stratify patients into distinct high- and low-risk groups, demonstrating good predictive performance. The poor prognosis observed in the high-risk group was associated with lower infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells but higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that TP53I3 knockdown significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of NSCLC through increased DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conclusions: In this study, a five-gene signature derived from the TP53 signaling pathway was developed, and the model was shown to effectively predict the prognoses of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy. This signature has the potential to be developed into a clinically applicable tool for personalizing radiotherapy regimens for NSCLC. Full article

Purpose: Proton beam therapy (PBT) offers superior dosimetric sparing of organs at risk compared to photon radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, comparative clinical evidence regarding survival benefits remains conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles of PBT versus photon radiotherapy, with a specific focus on time-dependent survival patterns. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for comparative studies published up to 10 October 2025. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local progression-free survival (LPFS). Individual patient data (IPD) were reconstructed from Kaplan–Meier curves when hazard ratios (HRs) were not reported. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for survival at fixed time points (1, 3, and 5 years) and for toxicity endpoints. Results: Seven studies comprising 244,604 patients were included, encompassing retrospective cohorts, multi-institutional datasets, and one randomized trial. In the overall pooled analysis, PBT showed no statistically significant superiority over photon radiotherapy for OS (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.69–1.19, p = 0.483), PFS (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.81–1.47, p = 0.572), or LPFS (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.47–1.69, p = 0.732). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses restricted to Stage I and Stage I–II NSCLC similarly failed to demonstrate significant differences in survival outcomes. However, exploratory time point analysis utilizing ORs revealed a distinct temporal pattern: PBT was associated with improved odds of all-cause mortality at 1 year (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49–0.73, p < 0.001). This survival advantage dissipated over time, with no significant differences observed at 3 years or 5 years. Regarding safety, PBT did not significantly reduce the odds of grade ≥ 2 radiation pneumonitis (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.41–2.33, p = 0.967) or grade ≥ 3 events (OR = 1.40, p = 0.540) compared to photons. Conclusions: While long-term oncologic control appears comparable between proton and photon radiotherapy, exploratory analyses suggest that PBT is associated with improved odds of 1-year overall survival. This potential early benefit, observed in retrospective cohorts, likely reflects the mitigation of acute treatment-related mortality. These findings are hypothesis-generating and support the use of PBT for patients at high risk of toxicity and advocate for a model-based approach to patient selection. Full article

Background: Impedance pneumography (IP) is a non-invasive technique for assessing tidal breathing in young children and enables home-based recordings without active patient cooperation. By deriving tidal breathing flow–volume (TBFV) curves and indices such as the expiratory variability index (EVI), IP has been proposed as a tool for identifying obstructive breathing patterns and monitoring airway function in early childhood. However, its clinical role in asthma and wheezing disorders has not been systematically evaluated. This review aimed to assess the evidence of IP in differentiating healthy children from those with asthma or recurrent wheeze, in reflecting treatment-related changes or acute bronchial obstruction, and in relation to other lung function tests. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted on 5 January 2026. Original studies using IP in children aged 0–7 years with asthma or wheeze were eligible. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Due to substantial heterogeneity in study design, populations, and outcome measures, results were synthesized narratively. Results: Five studies were included, with a total of 376 participants aged 0.5–7.0 years. Three studies reported significantly lower EVI values and TBFV profile variation in children with asthma or recurrent wheeze compared with healthy controls. Two studies found an association between EVI and markers of airway obstruction. Changes in IP measures following inhaled corticosteroid treatment or medication withdrawal were reported, suggesting sensitivity to treatment-related changes. However, study quality was moderate to low, with small sample sizes, heterogeneous outcome definitions, and limited diagnostic validation. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that IP-derived indices, particularly EVI, capture clinically relevant features of obstructive breathing patterns in young children and may be useful for longitudinal monitoring of airway function. However, evidence supporting a diagnostic role for IP in childhood asthma remains limited. Larger, independent, and methodologically robust studies are needed before IP can be integrated into routine clinical practice. Full article

The cultivation of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) has undergone an unprecedented global expansion, driven by its nutraceutical value and the diversification of production zones across the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Its consolidation as a strategic crop has prompted intensive scientific activity aimed at optimizing every stage of management from propagation and physiology to harvest, postharvest, and environmental sustainability. However, the available evidence remains fragmented, limiting the integration of results and the formulation of knowledge-based, comparative production strategies. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize scientific and technological advances related to the integrated management of blueberry cultivation, incorporating physiological, agronomic, technological, and environmental dimensions. The PRISMA 2020 methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was applied to ensure transparency and reproducibility in the search, selection, and analysis of scientific literature indexed in the Scopus database. After screening, 367 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed comparatively and thematically. The results reveal significant progress in propagation using hydrogel and micropropagation techniques, efficient fertigation practices, and the integration of climate control operations within greenhouses, leading to improved yield and fruit quality. Likewise, non-thermal technologies, edible coatings, and harvest automation enhance postharvest quality and reduce losses. In terms of sustainability, the incorporation of water reuse and waste biorefinery has emerged as key strategies to reduce the environmental footprint and promote circular systems. Among the main limitations are the lack of methodological standardization, the scarce economic evaluation of innovations, and the weak linkage between experimental and commercial scales. It is concluded that integrating physiology, technology, and sustainability within a unified management framework is essential to consolidate a resilient, low-carbon, and technologically advanced fruit-growing system. Full article

Background: Vancomycin is a critically important antimicrobial in human medicine, and vancomycin-non-susceptible enterococci represent a One Health concern when animal reservoirs contribute to the wider resistance ecology. We aimed to characterize vancomycin non-susceptibility among poultry-derived Enterococcus spp. from Hungary, using a combined phenotypic–genomic approach. Methods: Following a phenotypic pre-screen with antimicrobials authorized for poultry, 218 isolates with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were selected for extended broth microdilution testing including vancomycin. Vancomycin susceptibility was interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) clinical breakpoints and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs). Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a targeted multidrug resistant (MDR) subset (n = 42), enriched for elevated or borderline vancomycin MICs and stratified by region and host species (chicken, turkey), and resistance determinants were annotated against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) using stringent similarity/coverage thresholds. Results: Among the 218 pre-screened isolates (126 from chickens; 92 from turkeys), 196 (89.9%) met MDR criteria. For vancomycin, 15.6% of isolates were resistant and 9.2% intermediate by CLSI, while EUCAST ECOFF classification placed 34.9% in the non-wild-type group. The vancomycin MIC distribution was right shifted, with high-end MICs observed. In the sequenced subset, vancomycin-associated determinants consistent with the vanC pathway (including regulatory and auxiliary components) were detected in five isolates. Beyond vancomycin-related determinants, the WGS subset harbored common resistance genes consistent with the observed multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Conclusions: Vancomycin non-susceptibility was detected among pre-screened poultry-derived Enterococcus isolates in Hungary, and genomic analysis revealed vanC-associated and other peptide antibiotic resistance signatures. These findings support targeted One Health surveillance integrating MIC distributions with genomic resistance determinants in food animal reservoirs. Full article

Background/Objectives: Despite immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs)’s transformation of lung cancer treatment, pneumonitis remains a potentially serious immune-related adverse event. However, reliable data on the comparative risks of individual ICPIs remain unknown. We conducted this network meta-analysis (NMA) to, therefore, quantify and compare the exact pooled burden of pneumonitis risk across multiple ICPI analogs. Methods: We searched the following databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as gray literature on Google Scholar for eligible studies reporting on the prevalence of pneumonitis following immune check point inhibitor exposures. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) for pneumonitis, using placebo as the common comparator. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of study quality and combination therapies. Results: A total of 29 studies enrolling 15,271 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) satisfied the inclusion criteria and are included in the meta-analysis. Pembrolizumab was associated with a significantly increased risk of pneumonitis compared to placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–4.17), with similar elevated risk observed for sugemalimab (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–3.95). Nivolumab was associated with increased odds of pneumonitis, although with unstable point estimate (odds Ratio [OR] = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–11.35). Statistical heterogeneity was low (H statistics = 1.34). Atezolizumab and ipilimumab demonstrated modest or uncertain risk. Heterogeneity was low (I² = 12%), and results were robust to sensitivity analyses. Higher pneumonitis rates were observed in combination regimens. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates that pneumonitis risk varies among ICPIs, with pembrolizumab and sugemalimab showing the highest odds. Although the absolute incidence is low, the potential severity of pneumonitis warrants vigilant monitoring. These results should guide clinicians in risk stratification and treatment planning, and they should support the development of standardized reporting criteria and further comparative research. Full article

Depression is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder with variable clinical presentation and response to treatment. This variability has motivated interest in neuroimaging biomarkers capable of disease characterization and therapeutic prediction. Positron emission tomography (PET) enables in vivo assessment of cerebral glucose utilization, neurochemical targets, inflammatory markers, and cerebral blood flow. This narrative review synthesizes PET studies conducted predominantly in adults with major depressive disorder diagnosed using DSM-based criteria, with bipolar disorder included only when imaging was performed during a depressive episode. Studies were identified through a structured, non-systematic literature search of major databases. Depression is consistently associated with regionally specific PET alterations within cortico-limbic and cortico-striatal circuits; studies most frequently report reduced glucose-derived PET measures in prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions at baseline, with treatment responders showing relative increases or redistribution of these measures following interventions. Neurochemical PET studies demonstrate altered receptor, transporter, or enzyme-related binding in serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic systems, while neuroinflammatory and perfusion studies reveal regionally increased PET signals in subsets of patients. Overall, PET findings indicate convergent, region-specific and neurochemical alterations associated with depressive episodes and treatment response. Interpretation is constrained by methodological and clinical heterogeneity, underscoring the need for harmonized, longitudinal PET studies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Older adults often face nutrition challenges due to mobility issues, chronic conditions, and limited access to adequate nutrition. Digital and technology-based interventions, including those with nutrition education, nutrition counseling and Medically Tailored Meals [MTMs], can help address these barriers. However, the extent and characteristics of such programs in the United States remain unclear. This scoping review aimed to map the existing evidence on digital and technology-based (“digi-tech”) nutrition interventions for older adults in the United States, with particular attention to the presence, characteristics, and gaps related to MTMs. Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework to map existing evidence on technology-enabled nutrition care interventions for older adults aged ≥ 60 years in the United States. Systematic searches were conducted across multiple databases, yielding 18,177 records. Following title and abstract screening, full-text review, and eligibility assessment, 16 intervention studies were included. Study designs comprised randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental and non-randomized studies, mixed-methods feasibility studies, pilot studies, and one retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Data were extracted on study design, population characteristics, intervention components, technology modalities, outcomes, feasibility, acceptability, and reported barriers. Results: Interventions varied in duration [8 weeks to ≥12 months] and content. Foci ranged from remote nutrition education and mobile app-based tracking to multicomponent interventions integrating exercise, nutrition counseling, health literacy, and meal delivery. Telehealth was the most commonly used technology modality, followed by mobile health applications, wearable devices, and online educational platforms. Most interventions reported high feasibility and acceptability, with improvements in diet quality, adherence to healthy eating patterns, clinical measures such as HbA1c and blood pressure, and functional performance. Common implementation barriers included declining technology use over time, digi-tech literacy, and access to devices or the internet. Notably, no studies evaluated a digi-tech-based MTMs intervention exclusively for older adults in the U.S. Conclusions: Digital and technology-based nutrition interventions show promise for improving dietary and health outcomes in older adults, but there is insufficient empirical evidence. Future research might develop and evaluate hybrid digi-tech intervention models that leverage the potential of digi-tech tools while addressing barriers to technology adoption among older adults. Full article

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This increases the demand for real-world evidence to complement findings from randomized controlled trials. The German IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database, which is populated with anonymized electronic medical records from general practitioners and specialists, has become an increasingly valuable source for cardiovascular research. Over the past two decades, and especially between 2020 and 2025, numerous epidemiological studies have used this database to explore associations between cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, therapeutic patterns, and cardiovascular outcomes in large, broadly representative outpatient populations. This review synthesizes evidence from 13 selected DA-based studies examining atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cardiometabolic disease, lipid management, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)–related cardiovascular risks, cerebrovascular complications, COVID-19-associated vascular events, and modifiable behavioral and anthropometric factors. These studies were selected based on predefined criteria including cardiovascular relevance, methodological rigor, large sample size, and representativeness of key disease domains across the 2000–2025 period. Eligible studies were identified through targeted searches of peer-reviewed literature using the German IQVIA Disease Analyzer database and were selected to reflect major cardiovascular disease domains, risk factors, and therapeutic areas. Across disease domains, the reviewed studies consistently demonstrate the DA database’s capacity to identify reproducible associations between cardiometabolic risk factors, comorbidities, and cardiovascular outcomes in routine outpatient care. While causal inference is not possible, the database enables the identification of clinically meaningful associations that inform hypothesis generation, help quantify disease burden, and highlight gaps in prevention or treatment. The database’s strengths include large sample sizes (often exceeding 100,000 patients), long follow-up periods, and high external validity, while limitations relate to coding accuracy, residual confounding, and the absence of detailed clinical measures. Collectively, the evidence underscores the importance of the DA database as a crucial platform for real-world cardiovascular research. Full article

Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes considerable pain and disability. Telerehabilitation has emerged as a promising treatment option, especially after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, but it still faces challenges regarding solid scientific evidence about its multiple benefits. This systematic review aimed to analyze the reported beneficial effects of telerehabilitation based on therapeutic exercise for the management of knee osteoarthritis. Methodsː PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify eligible studies. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO (n° CRD42024579836). The selected studies underwent a qualitative assessment using the Modified Jadad Score. Results: Ten studies, including a total of 1354 participants, were included. From the selected studies, a wide variety of outcome measures emerged to evaluate the efficacy of telerehabilitation in the relief of pain and its clinical consequences. Seven studies specifically assessed pain, with four showing significant improvements in pain reduction in the intervention group compared with the control group. Telerehabilitation was found to be more effective or non-inferior to traditional rehabilitation in relieving pain, as reported across various pain scales. Limitations include the heterogeneity of interventions, the exclusion of non-recent studies, and the exclusive focus on therapeutic exercise. Conclusionsː The results of this systematic review suggest that telerehabilitation provides pain relief, improves physical function, and enhances quality of life, while preliminary evidence indicates potential cost-related advantages. However, some studies did not find TR to be superior to control interventions, highlighting mixed evidence. Additional high-quality studies are required to better support this promising rehabilitation approach. Full article

Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) have emerged as an increasingly prominent cause of non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the scarcity of NADC clinical samples, compounded by privacy and security constraints, continues to present formidable obstacles to advancing pathological and clinical investigations. In this study, we adopted a joint analysis strategy and deeply integrated and analyzed transcriptomic data from 12,486 PLWH and cancer patients to systematically identify potential key regulators for 23 NADCs. This effort culminated in NADCdb—a database specifically engineered for NADC pathological exploration, structured around three mechanistic frameworks rooted in the interplay of immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, carcinogenic viral infections, and HIV-derived oncogenic pathways. The “rNADC” module performed risk assessment by prioritizing genes with aberrant expression trajectories, deploying bidirectional stepwise regression coupled with logistic modeling to stratify the risks for 21 NADCs. The “dNADC” module, synergized patients’ dysregulated genes with their regulatory networks, using Random Forest (RF) and Conditional Inference Trees (CITs) to identify pathogenic drivers of NADCs, with an accuracy exceeding 75% (in the external validation cohort, the prediction accuracy of the HIV-associated clear cell renal cell carcinoma model exceeded 90%). Meanwhile, “iPredict” identified 1905 key immune biomarkers for 16 NADCs based on the distinct immune statuses of patients. Importantly, we conducted multi-dimensional profiling of these key determinants, including in-depth functional annotations, phenotype correlations, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, TF-miRNA-target regulatory networks, and drug prediction, to deeply dissect their mechanistic roles in NADC pathogenesis. In summary, NADCdb serves as a novel, centralized resource that integrates data and provides analytical frameworks, offering fresh perspectives and a valuable platform for the scientific exploration of NADCs. Full article

Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the growth and development of skeletal muscle, but systematic identification and functional studies of lncRNAs related to porcine skeletal muscle development remain limited. Based on a previously constructed panoramic map of porcine skeletal muscle lncRNAs, lncRNA-ssc.37456 was identified as differentially expressed in porcine skeletal muscle before and after birth. Its function and potential mechanisms were investigated using a porcine skeletal muscle regeneration model, a primary skeletal muscle cell differentiation model, and knockdown and overexpression experiments in vitro. lncRNA-ssc.37456 was upregulated on day 7 of regeneration, with expression positively correlated with the muscle differentiation marker MYHC and negatively correlated with the proliferation marker PAX7. During differentiation of porcine primary myoblasts, expression continuously increased, peaking on day 4. Knockdown of lncRNA-ssc.37456 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased cell proliferation, upregulated mRNA and protein levels of proliferation-related genes KI67 and PCNA, and increased the proportion of EdU-positive cells. Conversely, expression of differentiation-related genes MYOG and MYHC decreased, and immunofluorescence analysis revealed reduced myotube formation and differentiation index. Overexpression of lncRNA-ssc.37456 promoted differentiation and inhibited proliferation, showing effects opposite to those observed in knockdown experiments. Nucleocytoplasmic fractionation indicated predominant cytoplasmic localization, suggesting potential function through a ceRNA mechanism. An interaction network with miRNAs was constructed based on the miRDB database, indicating a potential miRNA “sponge” regulatory mechanism. These results indicate that lncRNA-ssc.37456 participates in porcine skeletal muscle development by regulating the transition of muscle cells from proliferation to differentiation, providing molecular insights and potential targets for muscle biology research and the molecular breeding of growth traits. Full article