Search Results (37,251)

Climate change exerts growing pressure on the built environment, intensifying urban heat stress, altering microclimatic conditions, and increasing energy demand and health risks. Urban areas, characterized by dense construction and extensive soil sealing, are particularly susceptible to thermal anomalies such as Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), making thermal assessment a crucial element in adaptation and mitigation strategies. This research provides an updated and critical review of methodologies for the thermal evaluation of the built environment, with a focus on remote sensing as an emerging and integrative measurement paradigm. The study presents a comprehensive framework of detection systems, including satellite and aerial remote sensing, ground-based monitoring, and hybrid approaches, complemented by analytical and modeling techniques that combine physical and data-driven methods. A comparative assessment of open-access satellite sensors is carried out, analyzing spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions and their relevance to urban-scale applications. The integration of remote sensing data with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cloud-based processing is highlighted as a key advancement for improving interpretative, predictive, and decision-support capabilities. The findings indicate that such integration represents a new frontier for multiscale thermal analysis, supporting resilient urban planning, enhanced energy efficiency, and effective climate change mitigation policies. Full article

The $(2+1)$-dimensional Boussinesq equation plays an important role in mathematical physics. In this paper, we investigate some exact solutions of the $(2+1)$-dimensional variable-coefficient Boussinesq equation. Firstly, the Painlevé analysis is carried out, and an auto-Bäcklund transformation is constructed by means of a truncated Painlevé expansion combined with symbolic computation. Then, a class of new soliton-type solutions is derived. By selecting appropriate parameter values, detailed simulations are presented to illustrate the dynamical behavior of water wave propagation. Finally, the Lie point symmetries of the equation are studied, and several similarity reductions are derived by solving the corresponding characteristic equations. Full article

Adenosine nucleotides are vital bioactive molecules with potential applications in functional foods and clinical nutrition; however, their poor membrane permeability limits their bioavailability. The utilization of plant proteins is often hindered by their poor solubility and digestibility. To address these challenges, we developed a strategy involving the formation of complexes between the walnut protein (WP) and four adenosine nucleotides. Spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, cell model, molecular docking, and other experimental techniques were conducted in this study; these methods demonstrated that such a complexation significantly enhanced the solubility of the WP to 3~4 mg/mL, while also enhancing its digestive stability in the gastrointestinal tract by 2~3-fold. Most notably, while all adenosines interacted with the protein matrix, cAMP exhibited a superior absorption efficiency, around 100-fold compared with its linear counterparts. Mass spectrometry and molecular docking were combined to reveal a new absorption mechanism for cAMP with the WP hydrolysate. These findings suggest that the complexation of WP and adenosine nucleotides offers a platform to overcome plant protein limitations and achieve efficient intracellular adenosine delivery, thereby establishing a foundation for its use in the development of functional foods. Full article

With the profound transformation of service-oriented manufacturing worldwide since the 21st century, a new industrial model based on the combination of products and services has become a new profit and value growth point for manufacturing enterprises. Enterprises are shifting from simple product production to providing a comprehensive product-service system, further evolving into a smart product-service system, and ultimately expanding into Sustainable Intelligent Interconnected Ecosystems (SICE). The complexity and dynamic nature of SICE make its business and value boundaries unclear, and there is no effective theoretical framework and method for boundary identification and value capture, which hinders the sustainable development of SICE. To clarify the effective boundaries of the operation of the SICE, an innovative model and methods of the framework process, system boundaries for the SICE have been proposed. This study constructs a systematic framework for SICE business and value boundary research to optimize business boundary integration, and verifies the model through empirical research in the smart-home industry, providing a new method for SICE boundary identification and value capture. The system boundary research methods proposed in this paper can identify the business boundary and value boundary of the smart-home product-service ecosystem through a hierarchical approach, and the case illustration shows that the methods have certain applicability and practical guiding significance for the construction of smart-home product-service enterprise business platforms. Full article

Background/Objectives: The initial systematic review of “Concurrent Disorder Management Guidelines. Systematic Review” assessed the quality of the concurrent disorders’ clinical management guidelines in 2020, including the guidelines in the field from 2000 to 2020. Twenty-four guidelines were identified and assessed with AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). As dual disorder needs increased specifically among the younger population, requiring significant healthcare resources, more efficient approaches targeting complex concurrent disorders are essential. Since 2020, multiple new guidelines have been developed in response to new developments in the field of substance use disorder management. This systematic review update aimed to identify and appraise all new available concurrent disorder management guidelines to strategize the management of concurrent disorders, support better outcomes and further research directions. Methods: The review was registered, and protocol is available in the international register—PROSPERO. Literature searches were performed by two independent authors in electronic databases and the gray literature. The inclusion criteria were English language clinical management guidelines for adult concurrent disorders between 2020 and 2025. Sources that were not formal clinical guidelines, not addressed to physicians for adult age group, addressed to intellectual/developmental disability, or written in languages other than English were excluded. Results: The initial search resulted in 5003 records. A total of eight new guidelines were identified and assessed with AGREE II, highlighting the consistent gap in the evidence-based management recommendations. Conclusions: The appraised guidelines had similar quality to the 2020 findings, supporting dual or combined treatment; however, all guidelines had multiple domains not developed rigorously and with methodological limitations. Levels of complexity and staging of treatment were not considered in recommendations. Average domain scores were very low, with the lowest being applicability and editorial independence. Development of high-quality, rigorously developed, evidence-based guidelines, addressing staging, resource implications, and patient involvement is recommended as the evidence base remains underdeveloped. Full article

To investigate the synergistic effect of hydraulic fracturing and hot water injection on enhancing methane extraction from low-permeability coalbeds and elucidate the underlying thermal-hydraulic coupling mechanism, methane desorption experiments were conducted in coal samples with varying fracture networks using a self-developed multi-field coupling experimental system. Tests were performed under different injection pressures and temperatures to analyze coal temperature evolution and methane desorption-seepage characteristics. The results demonstrate that hydraulic fracturing significantly improves pore structure and connectivity, thereby optimizing methane desorption behavior. The methane migration in the samples is influenced by water injection, exhibiting an initial promotion followed by inhibition. The combined fracturing-thermal injection approach effectively reduces the dynamic viscosity of water, mitigates the water lock effect, and enhances the desorption capacity. The hydraulic fracturing and the hot water injection complement each other, achieving synergistic production enhancement. The optimal injection pressure and water temperature can be selected according to specific reservoir conditions to balance the production increase and cost efficiency. This laboratory-scale study provides theoretical support for optimizing hydraulic measures and thermal injection techniques in coalbed methane extraction, revealing complementary synergies between these two methods and offering new insights into multi-field coupling enhancement mechanisms with practical application guidelines. Full article

The concentration of inevitable ionic species in regenerated water significantly alters the flotation characteristics of rare earth minerals, thereby hindering the effective extraction of bastnaesite. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence and mechanism of inevitable ions on the flotation of bastnaesite. This paper systematically investigated the effects of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Fe³⁺ on the flotation behavior of bastnaesite using a BHA/OHA combined collector system and studied the mechanism of action using contact angle testing, Raman spectroscopy, and Visual MINTEQ solution chemistry calculations. The results showed that the BHA/OHA combined collector had good collecting performance for bastnaesite, while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Fe³⁺ all had varying degrees of inhibitory effects on its flotation, with the order of influence being Fe³⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺. Contact angle tests showed that the presence of inevitable ions weakened the effect of the combined collector on improving the hydrophobicity of the bastnaesite surface. Raman spectroscopy results indicated that inevitable ions interfered with the adsorption of the combined collector on the mineral surface, with Fe³⁺ having the most significant effect. Solution chemistry analysis further demonstrated that Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ have been the primary ions influencing flotation because of their interactions with the mineral surface and collector molecules, but not Fe³⁺, which is mainly adsorbed on the mineral surface in the form of hydrolyzed species, thereby inhibiting the reagent adsorption and enhancing the surface hydrophilicity. Based on this, this paper revealed the differentiated interference mechanisms of different inevitable ions on the flotation of bastnaesite, and applied the relevant insights to guide the recovery of rare earth resources in molybdenum tailings, providing a theoretical basis and new research ideas for the flotation control of bastnaesite and the efficient utilization of rare earth resources under complex backwater conditions. Full article

In urban traffic systems, traditional signal control can no longer meet the increasing traffic demand, and local congestion is severe during peak hours. Fixed detector data is characterized by high deployment density, full sample detection and restorable vehicle paths, providing new data support for coordinated signal control. We propose an optimization method for regional coordinated control, with the Changsha road network as the study area. Firstly, based on License Plate Recognition (LPR) data, the road network is divided into sub-networks and combined with the boundary control for regional coordinated control. Then, the critical path is taken as the control object, and the phase coordination rate is introduced as the optimization objective. The particle swarm optimization algorithm improved by the logistic chaotic map is used as the global searcher, and sequential quadratic programming is adopted as the local searcher to solve the optimization strategy for the objective function. Finally, a simulated road network is constructed in VISSIM 6.0 simulation software to verify the effectiveness of the strategy. The results show that the optimization strategy reduces intersection delay and saturation by 20.3% and 19.3% in the critical path coverage area. Road travel time and the average number of vehicle stops are reduced by 21% and 22.1%. This indicates that the regional coordinated control based on the improved particle swarm algorithm can better alleviate the peak hour traffic congestion. Full article

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common myocardial disease worldwide and is associated with heart failure symptoms and sudden cardiac death. In a subset of patients, it may produce dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and systolic anterior motion (SAM)-related mitral valve dysfunction through drag forces and altered mitral–septal geometry. In contrast, subaortic stenosis caused by a subaortic membrane is an uncommon congenital lesion that may lead to fixed subvalvular LVOTO in adulthood. The coexistence of these entities is rare and can substantially complicate diagnosis and management. Case presentation: A 51-year-old woman with HCM, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and heart failure presented with acute decompensation and cardiogenic shock. After initial hemodynamic stabilization and cardioversion for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, multimodality imaging with transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, coronary computed tomography angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance demonstrated dual LVOTO, with a dynamic component related to HCM/SAM physiology and a fixed component caused by an elongated subaortic membrane, accompanied by severe SAM-related mitral regurgitation. Echocardiography showed a resting peak LVOT gradient of 49 mmHg, increasing to 85 mmHg with the Valsalva maneuver. After exclusion of obstructive coronary artery disease and evaluation for selected phenocopies, the patient underwent septal myectomy, subaortic membrane resection, and adjunctive mitral valve plication. Early postoperative echocardiography showed reduction in the maximum provoked LVOT gradient to 38 mmHg and improvement of mitral regurgitation from severe to mild. At 3-month follow-up, she remained in sinus rhythm, improved to New York Heart Association functional class II, and had no documented readmissions for heart failure. Conclusions: Combined fixed and dynamic LVOTO due to concomitant subaortic membrane and HCM is exceedingly rare. Accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and a multimodality imaging strategy to define the obstructive mechanisms and support mechanism-based surgical management and avoid incomplete treatment when a coexisting fixed lesion is present. Full article

Event detection is crucial for disaster response, public safety, and trend analysis, enabling real-time identification of critical events. Social media platforms provide a vast content source, offering timely and diverse event coverage compared to traditional news reports. However, challenges arise due to the informal and noisy nature of the text, along with the limited availability of ground truth data for training models. This study introduces SOCIAL (Social Media Event Classification using Integrated Artificial Learning and Natural Language Processing), a mathematically grounded framework for real-time social media event detection. SOCIAL integrates a formal representation of social media text with a customized CNN–LSTM architecture, combining convolutional operations for local feature extraction with sequential modeling to capture temporal dependencies, thereby enhancing classification accuracy. Generative AI is employed to create synthetic event-related samples, addressing data scarcity and ensuring a balanced dataset, while the design incorporates quantitative principles to guide embedding selection and model optimization. This study systematically evaluates six experimental configurations with TF-IDF and Word2Vec embeddings. The TF-IDF-based CNN–LSTM model achieved top performance with 98.59% accuracy, 98.13% precision, 99.06% recall, and 0.9719 MCC. Additionally, the $F_{0.5}$, $F_1$, and $F_2$ scores were 98.31%, 98.59%, and 98.87%, respectively, confirming the model’s strong predictive capabilities. TF-IDF integration enhanced event-specific term recognition, reducing misclassifications and improving reliability. These results demonstrate that SOCIAL is not only a fast, accurate, and scalable tool for crisis event detection, but also a formally principled framework for modeling and analyzing social media signals. Full article

This study examines how institutional investors allocate trading across the earnings announcement cycle and whether industry trading concentration strengthens that activity. The analysis is motivated by two complementary ideas: public disclosures can increase the value of investors’ prior information, and even sophisticated investors face costly information processing. These perspectives imply that institutional trading need not be concentrated only before disclosure and may be strongest after earnings announcements, when investors combine newly released public information with prior firm- and industry-specific signals. Using daily institutional trading data from Ancerno, we find that institutional net trading is positively related to earnings surprises before, during, and after earnings announcements, with the strongest relation occurring in the post-announcement period. We also document a clear asymmetry: trading is strongly related to positive earnings surprises across all three stages, whereas trading related to negative earnings surprises is concentrated mainly after disclosure. In addition, industry trading concentration strengthens the relation between institutional trading and earnings news across the announcement cycle, especially for positive surprises. These findings provide an integrated view of institutional information processing around a major recurring disclosure event, show that the timing of institutional trading is informative about how earnings news is incorporated into prices, and support the view that industry specialization is linked to stronger earnings-related trading. Full article

The liquid spreading on structured packings plays an essential role in affecting gas–liquid mass transfer in separation columns, yet the synergistic mechanism of surface wettability and textured geometries remains insufficiently understood. This study integrates experimental and computational methods to systematically investigate the liquid spreading characteristics on textured surfaces. The synergistic combination of hydrophilic modification and surface textures markedly enhances liquid spreading performance. Compared with the hydrophilic plane surface, the spherical cap texture increases the interface area and wetted area by 25.2% and 49.6%, respectively, while the pyramid-shaped texture leads to improvements of 24.5% and 48.9%, respectively. Based on Weber number analysis, it is identified that the competition between inertial force and surface tension governs the evolution of liquid spreading regimes. In addition, the results suggest that variations in liquid viscosity and density may further influence spreading behavior by modifying the balance among inertial, viscous, and surface tension forces. The geometric parameters of spherical cap textures are systematically examined, and it is revealed that a spherical cap with a non-uniform staggered configuration (Mode III) enables the efficient liquid spreading. A new non-uniform spherical cap texture is designed to enhance liquid spreading, which enhances spreading performance compared with the original plate, increasing the interface area by 27.3% and the wetted area by 47.4%. Although the liquid film thickness increases slightly, the wetted area ratio is significantly improved, indicating enhanced effective surface coverage. Both simulations and experiments confirm that the new textured structure further enhances liquid spreading performance on the textured surface. This research unveils a strategy to improve liquid spreading through tailored surface textures, opening up new possibilities for the design of efficient packings. Full article

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are common environmental pollutants. Our previous population study revealed a significant positive association between Pb and Cd exposure and the micronuclei frequency among lead smelting workers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were used to investigate the genotoxicity and its mechanisms induced by individual or combined exposure to Pb and Cd. Our results showed that Pb and Cd exposure, alone or in combination, triggered oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (GSH, SOD and CAT) and increased content of ROS and GSSG. Both metals induced pronounced DNA damage, as shown by elevated Tail DNA% in the Comet assay and γ-H2AX fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, Pb and/or Cd exposure caused inhibition of the DNA repair proteins, including BRCA1, CtIP, RAD52, and XRCC2, indicating impaired DNA repair capacity; and upregulated Bax expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 with downregulation of Bcl-2. Notably, Pb and Cd co-exposure produced an antagonistic effect, modulating oxidative stress indicators, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage markers, DNA repair and apoptosis-related proteins. These findings demonstrate that Pb and Cd induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, inhibition of DNA repair, and apoptosis in TK6 cells. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of heavy metal combined exposure–induced genotoxicity and identifies potential molecular targets for intervention. Full article

Bioeconomy policy requires timely, economy-wide evidence; however, two persistent measurement constraints remain: official input–output (IO) tables are published with time lags, novel start-up and novel prospective or hybrid bio-based activities are rarely identified as separate sectors in national accounts. This study develops an applied framework that combines IO nowcasting with an accounting-consistent sector-embedding procedure under limited data availability. Using Ireland’s national IO system and an existing bioeconomy IO framework as the accounting backbone, we update the 2015 table to 2022 through calibration to macroeconomic control totals, providing a timely structural baseline. We then introduce a transparent method for constructing new bioeconomy sectors based on dominant input shares, import intensity, and output allocation, while preserving national accounting identities. The approach is demonstrated for aquaculture systems, anaerobic digestion scenarios, and plant-based protein value chains. Demand-driven Leontief multipliers reveal heterogeneity in domestic propagation effects across activities and development stages. The framework offers a resource-efficient and replicable tool for evaluating bioeconomy strategies under real-world data constraints. The paper finds that the bioeconomy is structurally heterogeneous rather than a single uniform sector. Aquaculture is strongly transport- and service-linked, anaerobic digestion is more manufacturing-oriented, and plant-based protein production combines agricultural and industrial inputs while showing relatively high import dependence. Full article

The monophyletic lineage Phytoptidae s. str. (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea) comprises ~75 described species in 17 genera associated with angiosperms. Since the last keys to the world genera of Eriophyoidea were published in 2003, five new phytoptid genera have been described: Neoprothrix (Reis & Navia 2014), Borassia Chetverikov, Craemer 2017, Solenoplatilobus Chetverikov & Craemer 2016, Solenocristus Chetverikov et al. 2018, and Calventer Chetverikov 2025. Here, we provide an updated generic key for the tribe Sierraphytoptini (Phytoptidae), describe a new genus Nothofagicola, propose a new combination N. nothofagalis n. comb. (Chetverikov et al. 2018) (transferred from Solenocristus), report the first findings of N. cf nothofagalis from Nothofagus pumilio and No. antarctica from Southern Chile and describe three new species of Nothofagicola collected in Central Chile from stems of three Nothofagus species (Fagales: Nothofagaceae): N. alpinae n. sp. from No. alpina, N. bicristata n. sp. from No. alessandrii, and N. licanteniensis n. sp. from No. glauca. We also provide a corrigendum to our previous paper and state that the correct accession numbers for mitogenomic sequences of Leipothrix aegopodiae and L. cf knautiae are OR268621 and OR268622, respectively (vice versa in the paper). Full article