Search Results (2,120)

High-risk industries (HRI) face persistent safety challenges due to complex environments and multi-factor risks. Traditional manual monitoring is inefficient and reactive. While computer vision (CV) and deep learning (DL) have enabled automated risk perception, existing research lacks systematic review of the transition toward risk cognition. This systematic review, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searched Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore for studies published from January 2021 to December 2025. After two-stage screening, 108 eligible studies were included. These studies span construction, mining, oil and gas, petrochemical, rail, energy, and maritime industries, with perception-layer applications predominating while cognition and early warning layer studies remain limited. We propose a “perception–cognition–early warning” framework to map the evolution from data to information, knowledge, and actionable decisions. Our findings reveal that visual perception technologies (e.g., Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) detection, object tracking) have matured, but significant bottlenecks persist in multimodal information fusion, knowledge reasoning, and decision-making. Achieving a true cognitive leap requires multimodal semantic alignment, scene graph construction, and causal inference. The proposed framework enables practitioners to design cognitive safety vision systems with scene understanding and interpretable decision-making capabilities. Key implementation strategies include addressing challenges in few-shot learning, cross-domain generalization, and human–machine collaboration. By integrating AI-driven perception, cognitive reasoning, and proactive intervention, this review supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Relevant goals include Goal 3 (health and well-being), Goal 8 (decent work), and Goal 9 (industry and innovation). Full article

Quantifying the large-scale impact of combined ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) pollution on terrestrial carbon sinks remains a major challenge. Here, we develop a parsimonious yet robust empirical framework that leverages high-resolution remote sensing datasets (CHAP O₃/NO₂ and MODIS NPP, 2008–2021) to characterize nonlinear threshold responses of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) across China’s diverse ecosystems. Our observational analysis identifies only associative temporal relationships between annual NPP variability and pollutant concentrations, with NPP positively correlated with O₃ (Pearson’s r = 0.714, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with NO₂ (r = −0.599, p < 0.05). Notably, the ecosystem-specific threshold values (O₃: 28,324–34,391 μg m⁻³ yr⁻¹; NO₂: 3646–4968 μg m⁻³ yr⁻¹) are statistically derived from spatially aggregated pixel-level records across the full 14-year period, independent of the national annual time-series correlation analyses. Distinct from previous single-pollutant national evaluations, our study advances a novel analytical framework focusing on the interactive and combined impacts of O₃ and NO₂ co-exposure. The results demonstrate that NPP displays an increasing trend under low-level pollutant exposure but declines substantially once pollutant loads exceed the identified threshold ranges. Based on K-means clustering and segmented regression analyses, we estimate a national average NPP reduction of 17.4% per year (−0.68 Pg C yr⁻¹), resulting in a cumulative carbon loss of −9.48 Pg C over the 14-year study period—equivalent to 2.45 years of China’s total terrestrial carbon uptake. Among all ecosystem types, forestlands experience the largest cumulative carbon loss (−4.22 Pg C), with prominent loss hotspots concentrated on the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China. This refined national-scale assessment of dual-pollutant impacts provides observation-based evidence of substantial terrestrial carbon sink degradation, underscoring the necessity of combined air pollution mitigation strategies to sustain ecosystem stability and climate mitigation targets. Full article

International student mobility (ISM) is one of the most important and widespread features of international higher education today. One factor affecting ISM is the range and increase in scholarship providers, of which the China Scholarship Council (CSC) scholarship, is among the most influential and impactful globally. While many existing studies have focused on the national economic motivations of scholarship programmes, the research presented in our paper adopts a broader perspective, emphasising some of the organisational and political complexities in scholarship policy implementation. We use and build upon a framework that explains how scholarship policy is implemented. In it, scholarship organisations are mapped alongside the students as scholarship recipients as well as the universities as policy actors. The principal aim of this paper is to map out the roles and relationships of different actors in the implementation of scholarship policies, showing the importance of multi-level governance and stakeholder collaboration. The findings show that CSC scholarship policy involves multiple interconnected actors whose roles and relationships can be systematically identified through policy documents. By extending the framework, this study identifies not only scholarship organisations, universities, and sponsored students, but also local education departments and employers as important actors in the policy process. The analysis further shows that CSC scholarship policies have evolved over time, with changes in priorities, requirements, and selection criteria reflecting broader national development strategies. Given that fact that the complex structures and workings of the CSC are still little understood and under-researched in anglophone literature, our analysis provides practical insights as well as additional guidance for promoting effective, inclusive, and sustainable transnational higher education. The discussions offer valuable insights for policymakers and institutions committed to enhancing international scholarship programmes and global higher education capacity building. Full article

Risk assessment is critical for managing health threats at the human–animal–environment interface, yet sector-specific approaches can result in fragmented actions. To address this gap, the Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT), an operational tool of the Tripartite Zoonoses Guide, was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Organization for Animal Health. The JRA OT provides a structured framework for joint qualitative risk assessments that integrate multisectoral expertise to identify risk pathways, assess likelihood and impact, and develop consensus-based risk management and communication options. Surveillance systems play a critical role in this process by providing the multisectoral data needed to inform risk assessments, while the JRA process helps identify information gaps and guide the strengthening of integrated One Health surveillance. Implemented in at least 52 countries, the JRA OT has informed national mandates in Indonesia, Viet Nam, and Tanzania, regional strategies in West Africa, and adaptations in Canada. Cascade training has been used to build subnational capacity to facilitate roll out. Sustained leadership commitment, multisectoral coordination, routine applications, local adaptation, and capacity building remain essential for global implementation. Full article

Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into business strategy requires organizational practices that convert sustainability- and stakeholder-related intentions into measurable and managerially usable information. This study examines whether distinct Business Performance Measurement (BPM) maturity profiles can be identified among hospitality SMEs and how these profiles are associated with sustainability- and stakeholder-oriented measurement practices. BPM maturity is defined as a multidimensional organizational capability reflected in the breadth, integration, monitoring, interpretation, and use of performance information, rather than merely in the possession of a formal measurement system. Using cross-sectional survey data from 600 decision-makers in Hungarian and Romanian accommodation and food service SMEs, the study applies Principal Component Analysis and Two-Step Cluster Analysis. Three profiles emerge: Integrated, Transitional, and Low BPM Maturity. Firms in the Integrated profile report broader use of financial, customer-related, employee-related, sector-specific, and sustainability-oriented performance information, whereas firms in the Low profile report more limited measurement practices. Sustainability- and development-related measurement practices provide the strongest relative contribution to profile differentiation in both national models. The findings demonstrate systematic associations between BPM maturity profiles and sustainability- and stakeholder-oriented measurement practices. They are consistent with the theoretical interpretation that BPM maturity may provide organizational conditions supporting the operationalization of responsible management intentions. However, the cross-sectional design does not establish causal direction, and the study does not directly measure formal CSR implementation or sustainability outcomes. Full article

The National Transport Safety Board found that Wheels-Up Landing was the second highest defining event for aircraft accidents from 2008 to 2022. The increasing push for sustainable propulsion and accompanying novel airframe architectures present new integration and safety challenges for aircraft design and development, among which is the structural integrity and crashworthiness of the aircraft under such extreme events. This paper examines the regulations and design requirements governing aircraft emergency Wheels-Up Landing scenarios, emphasising their implications for aircraft safety and structural integrity. It consolidates standards from aviation authorities, such as the FAA and EASA, which identify and define key requirements relating to occupant safety and fire prevention and protection during such events. The paper then considers the Wheels-Up Landing scenario and its design requirements within the context of future novel aircraft employing sustainable propulsion systems, from higher bypass turbofan to electric- and hydrogen-based technologies. The unique characteristics and challenges of these emerging propulsion technologies are described, highlighting how alternative structural configurations, weight distributions and powerplant architectures may influence the aircraft response under a Wheels-Up Landing event. Finally, an exploration of predictive modelling strategies and methods currently used in Wheels-Up Landing analysis was conducted. While reviewing the breadth of accurate, high-fidelity modelling methods targeting fuselage impact, it also highlighted the gap in both considering the increasingly relevant and frequent powerplant impact scenarios, and the provision of lightweight modelling approaches necessary to rapidly and adequately address the emergency Wheels-Up Landing response early in the aircraft design process. Full article

China pushes forward two key national strategies, namely common prosperity and Healthy China. Many papers have discussed how urban common prosperity and urban healthy development evolve across space, yet most of these works cannot match the practical needs of local high-quality urban construction in Guangdong. This study takes various cities in Guangdong Province as the research area and utilizes multi-source big data from 2010 to 2025 so that it constructs a multidimensional evaluation system for the two major systems. Subsequently, this research employs methods including a deep weighted neural network to conduct empirical analysis. The results show that the urban common prosperity index in Guangdong Province exhibits an overall continuous upward trend. However, common prosperity gradually deviates from the development pattern that matches the economic driving forces. Meanwhile, the prominent advantages of urban healthy development gradually shift from eastern Guangdong to the core area of the Pearl River Delta, which establishes an overwhelming leading position for the Pearl River Delta. Furthermore, the regional development level plays a certain promoting role in healthy development. Spatially, common prosperity and urban healthy development exhibit phased non-linear characteristics, which encompass synchronous growth, growth rate divergence, and trend deviation. This study provides empirical evidence and practical support for Guangdong Province so that policymakers can comprehensively advance common prosperity and healthy city construction. Ultimately, these efforts optimize the regional development layout, which promotes high-quality and sustainable urban development. Full article

Higher education institutions are increasingly expected to contribute to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by equipping students with the competencies needed to address complex sustainability challenges. Among these competencies, critical thinking, perspective-taking, evidence-based reasoning, and informed decision-making are considered essential for education for sustainable development. However, limited research has examined how SDG-oriented instructional approaches can foster sustainability-oriented reasoning through argumentative engagement within teacher education. This study investigated the implementation of an SDG-oriented argumentative writing course designed for pre-service teachers. Using a scholarship of teaching and learning approach, this study examined participants’ learning readiness, argumentative performance, and perceived learning outcomes. Data were collected from 16 pre-service teachers through learning readiness questionnaires, argumentative writing tasks, Toulmin-based text analysis, self-assessment questionnaires, and reflective feedback. Descriptive statistics indicated a moderate-to-high level of learning readiness before instruction (M = 4.38) and highly positive perceived learning outcomes after the course (M = 4.61). Qualitative findings further indicated that SDG-related issues provided meaningful contexts for engaging pre-service teachers in critical reflection, perspective integration, and sustainability-oriented reasoning. Participants’ written work showed evidence of structured argumentation, particularly in claim construction and reason development, whereas evidence integration and rebuttal construction remained challenging higher-order dimensions of sustainability-oriented reasoning. Self-assessment data further revealed increased awareness of issue analysis, argumentation strategies, and the social relevance of sustainability-related topics. This study contributes to the growing literature on sustainability in higher education by illustrating how SDG-oriented argumentative writing may support sustainability-oriented reasoning within a teacher education course. The findings provide context-specific insights into how argumentative engagement can encourage evidence-based reasoning, perspective integration, and reflective judgment when addressing sustainability-related issues. Implications are discussed for curriculum innovation, education for sustainable development, and the design of instructional scaffolds that support sustainability-oriented reasoning in teacher education. Full article

This paper presents a resilience-driven probabilistic multiobjective framework for reactive power planning in islanded microgrids under extreme contingencies, explicitly integrating sustainability objectives and alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The proposed planning framework simultaneously optimizes technical reliability, economic viability, environmental sustainability, and social resilience using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system as a representative test network. Uncertainties associated with solar irradiance, wind speed, and load demand are modeled using the Two-Point Estimation Method (2PEM), while the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) determines Pareto optimal planning solutions for five reactive power support strategies. The results demonstrate that planning solutions optimized for grid-connected operation are not necessarily the most effective under islanded conditions. Within the adopted multi-criteria evaluation framework, the dedicated D-STATCOM strategy achieves the highest overall normalized performance, providing 87.2% load preservation, 93.7% critical-load protection, and an 8.7 h representative survival time, while reducing total load shedding to 12.8% and eliminating high-risk shedding events (>30%). Furthermore, it decreases event-related economic losses by more than 75% and achieves the lowest environmental impact, with a 62.5% reduction in life-cycle CO₂ emission intensity relative to the conventional grid baseline. A normalization sensitivity analysis confirms that the comparative ranking of the investigated strategies remains unchanged under alternative normalization methods, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed evaluation framework. From a sustainability perspective, the proposed framework contributes to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) through reliable low-carbon microgrid operation, SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) through resilient power system planning, SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by enhancing the continuity of critical urban services, SDG 13 (Climate Action) through reduced life-cycle emissions, and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by supporting local employment associated with distributed energy deployment. Full article

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is acknowledged for developing entrepreneurial skills, ideas, and knowledge to support individuals and foster independence, thereby promoting economic growth and national sustainability. Digitised EE has been proposed as a means to strengthen entrepreneurial effectiveness and economic transformation. This literature review classifies studies on digitised EE, emphasises how it supports entrepreneurial effectiveness, and suggests guidelines for digitised EE performance in Tertiary Institutions (TIs). A search strategy was used to identify publications in databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, WOS, IEEE, and Cochrane. The publication range spanned from 2012 to 2024. A total of 912 publications were identified in the database, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. Digitised EE requires considerable study to determine its impact on reducing unemployment, economic development through TIs, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A descriptive research design was adopted; the themes selected were acknowledged in the research and discussed based on data extracted from the included criteria. Additionally, most of the included criteria are recent publications, with journals the most frequently identified and quantitative methods the most commonly applied. The lack of improved EE deprives the realisation of entrepreneurial effectiveness, which is attributed to Artificial Intelligence (AI), entrepreneurial knowledge, competitiveness, and strategic decisions. It is imperative to research digitised EE practices for entrepreneurial effectiveness and efficiency in the education sector for a country’s growth. Recommendations for related studies are provided in the review. Full article

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration with energy recovery is embedded in national decarbonization strategies but emits fossil CO₂ from plastic-derived combustion, challenging the long-term sustainability of waste-to-energy systems. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) offers a potential mitigation route, yet assessments rarely link technology economics, environmental performance, and the carbon-pricing instruments that would finance deployment. This study develops a break-even carbon-pricing framework integrating life-cycle CO₂ emissions (LCCO₂) and discounted annualized life-cycle cost (LCC; capital-recovery-factor annualization at a 4% real discount rate) for two CCU routes—methanation and methanol synthesis—applied to a 300 t/day Japanese incineration facility (84,000 t/y) under 2024 and 2050 energy-system conditions, thereby quantifying the environmental and the economic dimensions of sustainable CCU deployment in the waste sector. Two complementary indicators are distinguished: an incremental break-even carbon price, the price at which adding CCU to the existing waste-to-energy facility becomes economically neutral, and a plant-level cash balance price. Under the product-system boundary and photovoltaic-electrolysis hydrogen, both routes show lower life-cycle emissions than the baseline in both years; the magnitude—and, for methanation in 2024, the sign—of the net climate benefit depends on the downstream-use accounting boundary. The incremental break-even price for methanol falls from 20.3 × 10⁴ JPY/t-CO₂ (≈1293 USD/t-CO₂) in 2024 to 1.90 × 10⁴ JPY/t-CO₂ (≈122 USD/t-CO₂) in 2050, while that for methanation falls from 32.2 × 10⁴ JPY/t-CO₂ to 0.75 × 10⁴ JPY/t-CO₂ (≈48 USD/t-CO₂)—about half the 2023 EU ETS average price—and approaches zero at approximately a one-third capital subsidy. This collapse is driven largely by the assumed hydrogen-price decline (100 → 20 JPY/Nm³); hydrogen-supply policy, rather than carbon pricing alone, therefore appears to be the dominant lever for making CCU at MSW incineration a viable contribution to sustainable, carbon-neutral waste management. Sensitivity analyses covering the discount rate (2–8%), plant scale (300–900 t/day), methane leakage, product-market absorption, and hydrogen delivered price premiums support the robustness of this sequencing conclusion. Full article

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, located in northern China, spans a vast territory. It serves as a crucial transitional zone connecting three major ecosystems—forest, grassland, and desert—and constitutes an essential component of the nation’s ecological security barrier. Over the past three decades, significant changes have occurred in the region’s land use structure and landscape patterns. Based on long-term time-series land use data, this study systematically analyzed land cover changes and landscape diversity characteristics by dividing the region into climatic zones, ecological zones, and administrative areas. Additionally, a driver analysis framework based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was constructed, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to quantitatively identify the contribution rates of driving factors influencing the Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI). Results indicate pronounced spatial heterogeneity in land-use structure dynamics across regions. Among all land use types, grasslands, croplands, and bare land exhibited the most pronounced changes under the combined influence of natural environmental variations and human disturbances. Against this backdrop of landscape pattern evolution, the regional Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) also showed differentiated variation trends. Based on SHAP contribution analysis, population density (POP) was identified as the primary driver affecting SHDI changes, with a contribution rate of 29.9%, followed by precipitation (PRE, 19.5%), elevation (DEM, 17.2%), and GDP (11.9%). Further SHAP response analysis revealed the nonlinear effects and characteristics of different driving factors on SHDI, indicating that the proposed framework can effectively elucidate the driving mechanisms of landscape changes. The findings provide scientific support for developing sustainable and differentiated land-use management strategies and optimizing ecological conservation and restoration measures across regions with diverse ecological backgrounds. Full article

China’s pork sector is a major component of the national food system. Establishing plant-based pork supply chains requires coordination across production, quality control, infrastructure, logistics, information exchange, and market formation. However, previous studies generally examine these barriers separately, limiting understanding of how they interact within the wider food-supply system. This study identifies and analyzes the systemic barriers to establishing plant-based pork supply chains in China. An integrated Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach is applied. FDM is used to refine and validate 14 contextually relevant barriers based on expert consensus, while DEMATEL examines their direct and indirect relationships, systemic prominence, and net causal influence. Insufficient research and development funding and deficiencies in quality control emerge as the strongest net causal barriers. High infrastructure investment also belongs to the cause group, while technological, operational, and market-related barriers occupy different causal and dependent positions within the wider system. The results support a sequenced intervention strategy that begins with innovation capacity, quality assurance, and infrastructure, followed by operational coordination and market formation. This study contributes by moving beyond barrier identification and ranking to explain how multiple barrier domains interact and how interventions can be prioritized. The analysis concerns supply chain establishment and does not directly assess the environmental, economic, or social sustainability performance of plant-based pork. Full article

The growing urgency of climate change, environmental sustainability, and financial resilience has led to increased global interest in green finance as a tool for achieving sustainable economic development. However, the existing research lacks a comprehensive empirical framework integrating multiple green finance mechanisms and examining their collective influence on the sustainable performance of financial institutions across environmental, social, and economic dimensions, particularly in emerging economies. This study is grounded in institutional theory, the resource-based view, diffusion of innovation theory, and the cost-efficiency approach. It develops and empirically tests a model in which green bonds, green bank loans, carbon credit financing, sustainable agricultural financing, green microfinance, energy-efficient financing, renewable energy financing, and environmental impact financing determine green finance. Green finance, in turn, enhances the sustainable performance of financial institutions across environmental, social, and economic dimensions in Saudi Arabia. This study employs Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling to analyse survey data collected from 384 employees in Saudi financial institutions. The results show that all eight green finance mechanisms significantly contribute to green finance, which in turn significantly enhances the sustainable performance of financial institutions. This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by developing and validating measurement items for nine green finance constructs and empirically testing a comprehensive model that explains how green finance mechanisms enhance the sustainable performance of financial institutions. This study provides one of the first comprehensive empirical analyses in Saudi Arabia of green finance’s role in promoting sustainable financial strategies aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The findings offer a strong foundation for future research and provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial regulators, and industry leaders in advancing sustainability-focused financial decision-making and policy reforms. Full article

Energy planning should focus on actions to save energy and reduce consumption while also implementing renewable energy sources to support sustainable urban development. In addition to global regulations, individual countries also have documents that facilitate energy management at the local level. This is a particularly valuable source of information about resources that influence energy efficiency at the national level. This article analyzes the Low-Emission Economy Plans (LEEPs) developed for selected cities in Poland. Based on selected provisions, fuzzy modeling solutions are proposed to support energy decisions in municipalities. The research thesis assumes that the appropriate selection of criteria for emission reduction, as well as their objectification and hierarchization, when supported by fuzzy logic modeling and multi-criteria analysis, enables local governments to identify key variables and structures and compare decision scenarios relevant to local energy policies. To verify this thesis, an analysis of the LEEP provisions of four city municipalities located in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship was conducted. Based on these criteria, a set was identified, and diagrams were developed to identify variables and concepts that occupy key positions in the modeled pathways leading to emission reductions. Fuzzy logic modeling and multi-criteria analysis were used as decision-support tools in the research process. A comparison of the applied approaches enables the identification and prioritization of variables of greatest importance within the adopted set of criteria. The obtained results allow us to determine how the adopted energy strategies are linked to the implementation of local policy objectives and which relationships play a key role in the modeled decision-making structure. The analysis indicates that the decision-making variants differ in their impact on the paths leading to reduced final energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Variant W1, which is based on investments in renewable energy sources, is strongly associated with the path leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, while increased public awareness and acceptance also play a significant role in the model’s structure. The strongest relationships were identified between increased energy efficiency and building energy standards, between building energy standards and reduced final energy consumption, and between reduced final energy consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The reasoning map thus highlighted the particular importance of the sequence of relationships linking energy efficiency, building energy standards, and reduced final energy consumption. The proposed approach can also provide a basis for further comparisons with solutions used in other countries, thus expanding the possibilities of analyzing low-emission policies at the local and national levels. Full article