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Search Results (158)

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Keywords = nanoporous coating

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16 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Reactive Aerosol Jet Printing of Ag Nanoparticles: A New Tool for SERS Substrate Preparation
by Eugenio Gibertini, Lydia Federica Gervasini, Jody Albertazzi, Lorenzo Maria Facchetti, Matteo Tommasini, Valentina Busini and Luca Magagnin
Coatings 2025, 15(8), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080900 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 118
Abstract
The detection of trace chemicals at low and ultra-low concentrations is critical for applications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, food safety and other fields. Conventional detection techniques often lack the required sensitivity, specificity, or cost-effectiveness, making real-time, in situ analysis challenging. Surface-enhanced Raman [...] Read more.
The detection of trace chemicals at low and ultra-low concentrations is critical for applications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, food safety and other fields. Conventional detection techniques often lack the required sensitivity, specificity, or cost-effectiveness, making real-time, in situ analysis challenging. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical tool, offering improved sensitivity through the enhancement of Raman scattering by plasmonic nanostructures. While noble metals such as Ag and Au are currently the reference choices for SERS substrates, fabrication methods should balance enhancement efficiency, reproducibility and scalability. In this study, we propose a novel approach for SERS substrate fabrication using reactive Aerosol Jet Printing (r-AJP) as an innovative additive manufacturing technique. The r-AJP process enables in-flight Ag seed reduction and nucleation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) by mixing silver nitrate and ascorbic acid aerosols before deposition, as suggested by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The resulting coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, revealing the formation of nanoporous crystalline Ag agglomerates partially covered by residual matter. The as-prepared SERS substrates exhibited remarkable SERS activity, demonstrating a high enhancement factor (106) for rhodamine (R6G) detection. Our findings highlight the potential of r-AJP as a scalable and cost-effective fabrication strategy for next-generation SERS sensors, paving the way for the development of a new additive manufacturing tool for noble metal material deposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
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14 pages, 3449 KiB  
Article
Superhydrophobic Coating on 6061 Aluminum Alloy Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Etching and Anodic Oxidation
by Quanlv Liu and Yuxin Wang
Coatings 2025, 15(7), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070816 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 456
Abstract
A superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical micro/nano-array structures was successfully fabricated on 6061 aluminum alloy through a combination of femtosecond laser etching and anodic oxidation. Femtosecond laser etching formed a regularly arranged microscale “pit-protrusion” array on the aluminum alloy surface. After modification with a [...] Read more.
A superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical micro/nano-array structures was successfully fabricated on 6061 aluminum alloy through a combination of femtosecond laser etching and anodic oxidation. Femtosecond laser etching formed a regularly arranged microscale “pit-protrusion” array on the aluminum alloy surface. After modification with a fluorosilane ethanol solution, the surface exhibited superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 154°. Subsequently, the anodic oxidation process formed an anodic oxide film dominated by an array of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanopores at the submicron scale. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the nanopore structures uniformly and continuously covered the laser-ablated layer. This hierarchical structure significantly increased the surface water contact angle to 162°. Wettability analysis showed that the prepared composite coating formed an air layer accounting for 91% of the surface area. Compared with the sample only treated by femtosecond laser etching, the presence of the Al2O3 nanopore structure significantly enhanced the mechanical durability, superhydrophobic durability, and corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic surface. The proposed multi-step fabrication strategy offers an innovative method for creating multifunctional, durable superhydrophobic coatings and has important implications for their large-scale industrial use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superhydrophobic Coatings, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 2532 KiB  
Article
Sepiolite-Based Nanogenerator Driven by Water Evaporation
by Liwei Zhao, Guoxing Jiang, Xing Zhang and Chunchang Wang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(13), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15130983 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
This work introduces a new type of water evaporation-driven nanogenerator (S-WEG) utilizing the natural mineral sepiolite, which capitalizes on its hierarchical nanoporous architecture and intrinsic hydrophilicity to harvest energy from ambient humidity through capillary-driven evaporation. The S-WEG, fabricated via a facile drop-coating drying [...] Read more.
This work introduces a new type of water evaporation-driven nanogenerator (S-WEG) utilizing the natural mineral sepiolite, which capitalizes on its hierarchical nanoporous architecture and intrinsic hydrophilicity to harvest energy from ambient humidity through capillary-driven evaporation. The S-WEG, fabricated via a facile drop-coating drying method, demonstrates remarkable mechanical flexibility and sustained operational reliability. Our results demonstrate that by optimizing evaporation height and width, the S-WEG can generate a short-circuit current of ~0.6 μA and an open-circuit voltage of ~0.9 V. Through series and parallel configurations of multiple S-WEG units, the current and voltage outputs can be effectively amplified to power small-scale electronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoelectronics: Materials, Devices and Applications (Second Edition))
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24 pages, 5625 KiB  
Review
A Review of High-Temperature Resistant Silica Aerogels: Structural Evolution and Thermal Stability Optimization
by Zhenyu Zhu, Wanlin Zhang, Hongyan Huang, Wenjing Li, Hao Ling and Hao Zhang
Gels 2025, 11(5), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11050357 - 13 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
Silica aerogels exhibit exceptionally low thermal conductivity and a low apparent density, as they are unique porous nanomaterials. They are extensively used in thermal insulation in terms of aerospace and building construction, adsorption processes for environmental applications, concentrating solar power systems, and so [...] Read more.
Silica aerogels exhibit exceptionally low thermal conductivity and a low apparent density, as they are unique porous nanomaterials. They are extensively used in thermal insulation in terms of aerospace and building construction, adsorption processes for environmental applications, concentrating solar power systems, and so on. However, the degradation of the silica aerogel’s nanoporous structure at high temperatures seriously restricts their practical applications. Through a comprehensive review of the high-temperature structural evolution and sintering mechanisms of silica aerogels, this paper introduces two strategies to enhance their thermal stability, including heteroatom doping and surface heterogeneous structure construction. In particular, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ultra-thin coatings on silica aerogel holds significant potential for enhancing thermal stability, while preserving its ultra-low thermal conductivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Aerogels: From Design to Application)
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15 pages, 10805 KiB  
Article
DFT-Based Investigation of Pd-Modified WO3/Porous Silicon Composites for NO2 Gas Sensors: Enhanced Synergistic Effect and High-Performance Sensing
by Xiaoyong Qiang, Zhipeng Wang, Yongliang Guo and Weibin Zhou
Coatings 2025, 15(5), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050570 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Pd-WO3 coatings on porous silicon (PSi) substrates are engineered to enhance interfacial charge transfer and surface reactivity through atomic-scale structural tailoring. This study combines first-principles calculations and experimental characterization to elucidate how Pd nanoparticles (NPs) optimize the coating’s electronic structure and environmental [...] Read more.
Pd-WO3 coatings on porous silicon (PSi) substrates are engineered to enhance interfacial charge transfer and surface reactivity through atomic-scale structural tailoring. This study combines first-principles calculations and experimental characterization to elucidate how Pd nanoparticles (NPs) optimize the coating’s electronic structure and environmental stability. The hierarchical PSi framework with uniform nanopores (200–500 nm) serves as a robust substrate for WO3 nanorod growth (50–100 nm diameter), while Pd decoration (15%–20% surface coverage) strengthens Pd–O–W interfacial bonds, amplifying electron density at the Fermi level by 2.22-fold. Systematic computational analysis reveals that Pd-induced d-p orbital hybridization near the Fermi level (−2 to +1 eV) enhances charge delocalization, optimizing interfacial charge transfer. Experimentally, these modifications enhance the coating’s response to environmental degradation, showing less than 3% performance decay over 30 days under cyclic humidity (45 ± 3% RH). Although designed for gas sensing, the coating’s high surface-to-volume ratio and delocalized charge transport channels demonstrate broader applicability in catalytic and high-stress environments. This work provides a paradigm for designing multifunctional coatings through synergistic interface engineering. Full article
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18 pages, 6463 KiB  
Article
Aluminum Oxide Coatings as Nanoadsorbents for the Treatment of Effluents Colored with Eriochrome Black T
by Gustavo R. Kramer, Florencia A. Bruera, Pedro Darío Zapata and Alicia E. Ares
Coatings 2025, 15(4), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15040488 - 20 Apr 2025
Viewed by 794
Abstract
The contamination of water bodies with toxic compounds from the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors is a serious environmental problem. Adsorption is one of the simplest, most functional, and economical methods for treating large volumes of water and removing its contaminant load. Thanks [...] Read more.
The contamination of water bodies with toxic compounds from the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors is a serious environmental problem. Adsorption is one of the simplest, most functional, and economical methods for treating large volumes of water and removing its contaminant load. Thanks to its nanoporous structure, versatility, chemical inertness, and low-cost synthesis, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) can be used as an adsorbent in a wide range of applications. In this work, nanostructured AAO coatings were successfully synthesized, and their performance as adsorbents was evaluated in decolorization tests of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) solutions. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on the initial dye concentration, agitation, temperature, and contact time. At 25 °C and 16 mg·L−1 initial EBT concentration, a maximum removal efficiency (%R) of 78% was obtained after 4.5 h at 500 rpm and after 5.5 h at 100 rpm, while without agitation, after 8.3 h of treatment, the highest %R was 40%. Furthermore, the adsorption rate increased significantly with temperature, reaching a %R of 99% after 2.25 h at 60 °C and 500 rpm. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the adsorbent can be used up to four times with a removal efficiency greater than 50%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing and Surface Engineering IV)
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30 pages, 660 KiB  
Review
Current and Near-Future Technologies to Quantify Nanoparticle Therapeutic Loading Efficiency and Surface Coating Efficiency with Targeted Moieties
by Vy Tran, Na Nguyen, Scott Renkes, Kytai T. Nguyen, Tam Nguyen and George Alexandrakis
Bioengineering 2025, 12(4), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12040362 - 31 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1275
Abstract
Active targeting nanoparticles are a new generation of drug and gene delivery systems with the potential for greatly improved therapeutics delivery compared to conventional nanomedicine approaches. Despite their potential, the translation of active targeting nanoparticles faces challenges in production scale-up and batch consistency. [...] Read more.
Active targeting nanoparticles are a new generation of drug and gene delivery systems with the potential for greatly improved therapeutics delivery compared to conventional nanomedicine approaches. Despite their potential, the translation of active targeting nanoparticles faces challenges in production scale-up and batch consistency. Accurate quality control methods for nanoparticle therapeutic payload and coating characterization are critical for attaining the desired levels of batch repeatability, drug/gene loading efficiency, targeting molecule coating effectiveness, and safety profiles. Current limitations in nanoparticle characterization technologies, such as relying on ensemble-average analysis, pose challenges in assessing the drug/gene content and surface modification heterogeneity, which can greatly affect therapeutic outcomes. Single-molecule analysis technologies have emerged as a promising alternative, offering rich information on heterogeneity and stochastic variations between nanoparticle batches. This review first evaluates and identifies the challenges of traditional nanoparticle characterization tools that rely on indirect, bulk solution quantification methods. Subsequently, newly emerging characterization technologies are introduced for the quantification of therapeutic loading and targeted moiety coating efficiencies with single-nanoparticle resolution, to help guide researchers towards advancing the translation of active targeting nanoparticles into the clinical setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanobiotechnology and Biofabrication)
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13 pages, 11291 KiB  
Article
Oily Long-Term Anti-Icing Coating Based on Hydrophobic Cross-Linking Composite Resin
by Zhen Xiao, Mingyang Du, Peining Li, Jingyu Liu, Xiaoyu Tian, Zhi Cheng and Shouren Wang
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071558 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 368
Abstract
In this paper, a new type of passive anti-icing coating, i.e., interfacial lubrication coating, is proposed and investigated. The coating was prepared using the spin-coating or drop-coating method, and by adding hydrophobic and lipophilic modified particles to the hybrid resin to lock up [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new type of passive anti-icing coating, i.e., interfacial lubrication coating, is proposed and investigated. The coating was prepared using the spin-coating or drop-coating method, and by adding hydrophobic and lipophilic modified particles to the hybrid resin to lock up the oil, which can significantly reduce the adhesion between the surface and the ice, thus effectively preventing icing. The study systematically characterized the surface morphology, wettability, anti-icing properties, mechanical properties and durability of the four interfacial lubrication coatings. The results show that the hybrid resin-based coating based on fluorinated ethylene–vinyl ester copolymer (FEVE) and polyurethane (PU) exhibits the best anti-icing performance, with ice adhesion as low as 11 kPa and an extended icing delay time of 779 s. Meanwhile, the coating shows excellent long-term stability with virtually no increase in the ice shear strength after being left on the surface for 6 months. The durability mechanism analysis showed that the adsorption of hydrophobic and lipophilic modified nanoporous SiO2 on silicone oil and the structural properties of the coating with a dense surface and porous interior are the key factors for achieving the retardation of silicone oil release and maintain the lubricity. This study provides new ideas for the design of efficient and long-lasting anti-icing coatings. Full article
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12 pages, 2085 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Dielectric and Sensing Behavior of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Filled by Carbyne-Enriched Nanomaterial
by Mariya Aleksandrova, Tsvetozar Tsanev and Dilyana N. Gospodinova
Crystals 2025, 15(4), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15040314 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is a promising material for sensor applications due to its unique nanoporous structure and high surface area. This study investigates enhancing AAO’s sensing capabilities by incorporating carbyne-enriched nanomaterials. This research aimed to create a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW) [...] Read more.
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is a promising material for sensor applications due to its unique nanoporous structure and high surface area. This study investigates enhancing AAO’s sensing capabilities by incorporating carbyne-enriched nanomaterials. This research aimed to create a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor with improved performance characteristics. AAO films were fabricated using a two-step anodization process, followed by carbyne-enriched coating deposition via ion-assisted pulse-plasma deposition. The dielectric properties of the resulting composite material were characterized using impedance spectroscopy, while the sensing performance was evaluated by exposing the sensor to various ethanol concentrations. The results showed a significant increase in capacitance and dielectric permittivity for the carbyne-filled AAO compared to pristine AAO, along with a 5-fold improvement in sensitivity to ethanol vapor. The increased sensitivity is attributed to the synergistic combination of the AAO’s high surface area and the carbyne’s unique electrical properties. This work demonstrates the successful fabrication and characterization of a novel high-sensitivity gas sensor, highlighting the potential of carbyne-enriched AAO for advanced sensor applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical and Electrical Properties of Nano- and Microcrystals)
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17 pages, 18766 KiB  
Article
Development of Calvarial-Derived Osteogenic Cells on GDF-5 Coated Nanoporous Titanium Surfaces
by Renan B. L. Bueno, Lucas N. Teixeira, Felippe J. Pavinatto, William M. A. Maximiano, Leonardo R. Zuardi, Adalberto L. Rosa, Osvaldo N. Oliveira, Silvia Spriano and Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
Metals 2025, 15(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020167 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1046
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a single variation in the etching time of H2SO4/H2O2-treated titanium (Ti) surfaces on the adsorption of growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and their effects on the acquisition of the [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the impact of a single variation in the etching time of H2SO4/H2O2-treated titanium (Ti) surfaces on the adsorption of growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and their effects on the acquisition of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro. Rat primary calvarial osteogenic cells were grown for up to 14 days on the following Ti surfaces: (1) 30 min: nanotopography obtained with a 1:1 mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 for 30 min (control); (2) 30 min + GDF-5: a 30 min-etched Ti sample adsorbed with recombinant human (rh) GDF-5; (3) 4 h: nanotopography obtained with a 1:1 mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 for 4 h (control); (4) 4 h + GDF-5: a 4 h-etched Ti sample adsorbed with rhGDF-5. The GDF-5 adsorption procedure was carried out on the day before cell plating using 200 ng/mL rhGDF-5 overnight at 4 °C. The 30 min- and 4 h-etched Ti samples exhibited a high hydrophilic network of nanopits with a tendency towards larger nanopits for the 4 h group, which corresponded to an enhanced GDF-5 adsorption. For both etching times, coating with GDF-5 resulted in less hydrophilic surfaces that supported (1) a reduction in the proportion of spread cells and an enhanced extracellular osteopontin labeling at early time points of culture, and (2) increased alkaline phosphatase activity preceding an enhanced mineralized matrix formation compared with controls, with a tendency towards higher osteogenic activity for the 4 h + GDF-5 group. In conclusion, the osteogenic potential induced by the GDF-5 coating can be tailored by subtle changes in the nanotopographic characteristics of Ti surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biobased and Biodegradable Metals)
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29 pages, 2388 KiB  
Review
Applications of Nanomaterial Coatings in Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)
by Taiwo Musa Adeniji, Naila Haroon and Keith J. Stine
Processes 2025, 13(1), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010244 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1755
Abstract
This review explores the advances in developing adsorbent materials for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), focusing on nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoporous structures. Nanoparticles, including those of metals (e.g., gold, silver), metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, ZnO), and carbon-based materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene), offer [...] Read more.
This review explores the advances in developing adsorbent materials for solid-phase microextraction (SPME), focusing on nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoporous structures. Nanoparticles, including those of metals (e.g., gold, silver), metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, ZnO), and carbon-based materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene), offer enhanced surface area, improved extraction efficiency, and increased selectivity compared to traditional coatings. Nanocomposites, such as those combining metal oxides with polymers or carbon-based materials, exhibit synergistic properties, further improving extraction performance. Nanoporous materials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and ordered mesoporous carbons, provide high surface area and tunable pore structures, enabling selective adsorption of analytes. These advanced materials have been successfully applied to various analytes, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and heavy metals, demonstrating improved sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility compared to conventional SPME fibers. The incorporation of nanomaterials has significantly expanded the scope and applicability of SPME, enabling the analysis of trace-level analytes in complex matrices. This review highlights the significant potential of nanomaterials in revolutionizing SPME technology, offering new possibilities for sensitive and selective analysis in environmental monitoring, food safety, and other critical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials)
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24 pages, 4709 KiB  
Article
Nanoporous Carbon Coatings Direct Li Electrodeposition Morphology and Performance in Li Metal Anode Batteries
by Katharine L. Harrison, Subrahmanyam Goriparti, Daniel M. Long, Rachel I. Martin, Benjamin Warren, Laura C. Merrill, Matthaeus A. Wolak, Alexander Sananes and Michael P. Siegal
Batteries 2025, 11(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11010010 - 27 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1027
Abstract
Li metal anodes could significantly improve battery energy density. However, Li generally electrodeposits in poorly controlled morphology, leading to safety and performance problems. One factor that controls Li anode performance and electrodeposition morphology is the nature of the electrolyte–current collector interface. Herein, we [...] Read more.
Li metal anodes could significantly improve battery energy density. However, Li generally electrodeposits in poorly controlled morphology, leading to safety and performance problems. One factor that controls Li anode performance and electrodeposition morphology is the nature of the electrolyte–current collector interface. Herein, we modify the Cu current collector interface by depositing precisely controlled nanoporous carbon (NPC) coatings using pulsed laser deposition to develop an understanding of how NPC coating density and thickness impact Li electrodeposition. We find that NPC density and thickness guide Li morphological evolution differently and dictate whether Li deposits at the NPC-Cu or NPC-electrolyte interface. NPC coatings generally lower overpotential for Li electrodeposition, though thicker NPC coatings limit kinetics when cycling at a high rate. Lower-density NPC enables the highest Coulombic efficiency (CE) during calendar aging tests, and higher-density NPC enables the highest CE during cycling tests. Full article
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11 pages, 4243 KiB  
Article
Carbonyl Iron Particles’ Enhanced Coating Effect Improves Magnetorheological Fluid’s Dispersion Stability
by Fang Chen, Jie Zhang, Qinkui Guo, Yuchen Liu, Xiaobing Liu, Wenwu Ding, Shengnan Yan, Zhaoqiang Yan and Zhenggui Li
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184449 - 10 Sep 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1244
Abstract
The coating effect of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTES) on carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) was enhanced by etching with hydrochloric acid (HCl) of various concentrations, and magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) with significantly improved dispersion stability were obtained. The microstructures, coating effect, and magnetism of CIPs were examined [...] Read more.
The coating effect of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTES) on carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) was enhanced by etching with hydrochloric acid (HCl) of various concentrations, and magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) with significantly improved dispersion stability were obtained. The microstructures, coating effect, and magnetism of CIPs were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), automatic surface and porosity analysis (BTE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. Furthermore, the rheological properties and dispersion stability of the MRFs were assessed by a rotating rheometer and a Turbiscan Tower. The results show that as the HCl concentration increased, nanopores appeared on CIPs and then disappeared, and the specific surface area of the particles increased and then decreased. When the concentration of HCl was 0.50 mol/L, the number of nanopores and the specific surface area of particles changed sharply. Not only that, the coated mass of BTES increased greatly and the saturation magnetization of particles decreased sharply. As the coated mass increased, without a magnetic field, the viscosity and shear stress of the MRFs increased, especially when the coated mass was more than 2.45 wt.%; while under a magnetic field, the viscosity and shear stress decreased, and the sedimentation rate of the MRFs decreased from 0.13 to 0.01 mm/h. By controlling the concentration of HCl for etching, the coating effect of CIPs was greatly enhanced, and thus an MRF with superior shear stress and excellent dispersion stability was obtained, which is significant in basic research and MRF-related applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Composites)
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15 pages, 4910 KiB  
Article
Point-of-Care Testing Kit for the Detection of Hexavalent Chromium by Carbohydrazide-Derived Graphitic Carbon Nitride
by Muniyandi Maruthupandi and Nae Yoon Lee
Chemosensors 2024, 12(9), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12090180 - 5 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1998
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions are among the most common hazardous metals that pose a serious risk to human health, causing human carcinogenesis and chronic kidney damage. In this study, a point-of-care testing (POCT) kit is proposed for Cr(VI) ions detection at room temperature. [...] Read more.
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions are among the most common hazardous metals that pose a serious risk to human health, causing human carcinogenesis and chronic kidney damage. In this study, a point-of-care testing (POCT) kit is proposed for Cr(VI) ions detection at room temperature. The kit contains a hydrophobic parafilm, a nylon membrane to resist outflow, and a hydrophilic Whatman filter paper suitable for coating the fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride sheet (g-C3N4). Crystalline, nano-porous, blue-emitting g-C3N4 was produced by pyrolysis utilizing carbohydrazide. The electrostatic interactions between the g-C3N4 and Cr(VI) ions inhibit the fluorescence behavior. The POCT kit can be used for on-site Cr(VI) ion detection dependent upon the blue emission value. The detection limit was attained at 4.64 nM of Cr(VI) ions. This analytical methodology was utilized on real samples from tap, pond, river, and industrial wastewater. This POCT kit can be a useful alternative for on-site detection of Cr(VI) ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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27 pages, 3770 KiB  
Review
Advancements in Nanoporous Materials for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics
by Nargish Parvin, Vineet Kumar, Tapas Kumar Mandal and Sang Woo Joo
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(8), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15080226 - 14 Aug 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2770
Abstract
This review explores the latest advancements in nanoporous materials and their applications in biomedical imaging and diagnostics. Nanoporous materials possess unique structural features, including high surface area, tunable pore size, and versatile surface chemistry, making them highly promising platforms for a range of [...] Read more.
This review explores the latest advancements in nanoporous materials and their applications in biomedical imaging and diagnostics. Nanoporous materials possess unique structural features, including high surface area, tunable pore size, and versatile surface chemistry, making them highly promising platforms for a range of biomedical applications. This review begins by providing an overview of the various types of nanoporous materials, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, carbon-based materials, and nanoporous gold. The synthesis method for each material, their current research trends, and prospects are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review delves into the functionalization and surface modification techniques employed to tailor nanoporous materials for specific biomedical imaging applications. This section covers chemical functionalization, bioconjugation strategies, and surface coating and encapsulation methods. Additionally, this review examines the diverse biomedical imaging techniques enabled by nanoporous materials, such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) imaging, ultrasound imaging, and multimodal imaging. The mechanisms underlying these imaging techniques, their diagnostic applications, and their efficacy in clinical settings are thoroughly explored. Through an extensive analysis of recent research findings and emerging trends, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanoporous materials in advancing biomedical imaging and diagnostics. The integration of interdisciplinary approaches, innovative synthesis techniques, and functionalization strategies offers promising avenues for the development of next-generation imaging agents and diagnostic tools with enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and biocompatibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials and Devices for Healthcare Applications)
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