Search Results (473)

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes and remains associated with limited therapeutic options and high systemic toxicity from conventional chemotherapy. Ipomoea pes-caprae is a coastal medicinal plant traditionally consumed in Mexico for inflammatory and renal disorders and contains bioactive metabolites with reported antioxidant and pharmacological properties. However, its antitumoral activity and systemic safety profile remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, antitumoral activity, and toxicity of a traditionally prepared aqueous infusion of I. pes-caprae leaves (IPCAE). Methods: IPCAE was characterized using phytochemical screening and complementary instrumental analyses. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay. A randomized preclinical study was performed in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts treated with IPCAE, cisplatin, or saline control. Results: The infusion showed measurable antioxidant activity (72.25 ± 1.25% DPPH inhibition at 1 mg/mL) and a total polyphenol content of 7.29 µg/mg gallic acid equivalents. Phytochemical screening revealed abundant flavonoids and reducing sugars, with moderate saponin content. In vivo, IPCAE produced only a transient and non-significant trend toward slower tumor progression compared with control (p = 0.214) and cisplatin (p = 0.377). However, marked systemic toxicity was observed, including severe thoracic dermal lesions in 40% of animals and 70% mortality by day 15. Survival was significantly reduced compared with control and cisplatin groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although IPCAE exhibited antioxidant activity, no statistically significant antitumoral effect was observed under the evaluated conditions. Furthermore, repeated oral administration resulted in marked systemic toxicity, characterized by visible dermal lesions, clinical deterioration, and increased mortality. Therefore, the present findings do not support the use of the evaluated crude preparation as an anticancer intervention. Future studies should focus on detailed toxicological characterization, bioassay-guided fractionation, dose optimization, and identification of the individual metabolites responsible for the observed biological effects. The antioxidant activity demonstrated in this study should be interpreted independently from antitumoral activity, as no causal relationship between these findings was established. Full article

Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus (LIPPI) is a rare variant within the spectrum of lichenoid dermatoses, characterized by sharply demarcated hyperpigmented lesions predominantly affecting intertriginous areas. Its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, but immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by exogenous factors have been proposed. We report the case of an 80-year-old Caucasian female who developed extensive, reticulated brownish-grey hyperpigmentation involving multiple flexural sites shortly after the fifth intra-articular injection of the homeopathic combination preparation Zeel comp. N for knee pain. Histopathological examination showed a markedly atrophic epidermis with compact orthokeratosis, focal hypergranulosis, basal vacuolar/interface change, pigment incontinence, and a band-like lymphocytic infiltrate; these findings were compatible with LIPPI. The temporal association with repeated intra-articular administration of botanical and sulfur-containing compounds suggests a possible trigger; however, causality remains speculative. Prick and patch testing with the injection solution were negative, no rechallenge was performed, and pharmacovigilance assessment by the Naranjo algorithm supported only a possible adverse drug reaction. Several constituents, including Toxicodendron derivatives, Arnica montana and Solanum dulcamara, are recognized sensitizers capable of inducing delayed-type immune responses. Importantly, allergic contact sensitization and lichenoid interface dermatitis are distinct processes; in the present case, sensitization or systemic immune stimulation is considered only as a potential upstream trigger of a lichenoid reaction pattern. Similar lichenoid eruptions, including LIPPI, have been reported after systemic immune stimulation such as COVID-19 vaccination or targeted therapies. Differential diagnoses, particularly ashy dermatosis, were considered less likely because of the inverse/flexural distribution and clinico-pathological evidence of lichenoid interface dermatitis with epidermal atrophy. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids, acitretin, and topical tacrolimus improved pruritus, whereas hyperpigmentation persisted. This case highlights a possible temporal association between intra-articular administration of biologically active compounds and LIPPI, while emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation, pharmacovigilance data, and further reports. Full article

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women, with hormone receptor-positive tumors representing the majority of cases. Increasing survival rates have shifted attention toward long-term complications, including the risk of secondary malignancies. Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between breast cancer and gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasia. This study aimed to evaluate the role of colonoscopic and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic monitoring in patients with ER/PR-positive breast cancer and to assess its potential value in the early detection of digestive lesions. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study including 186 female patients with histologically confirmed ER/PR-positive breast cancer. A total of 95 patients underwent colonoscopy, and 91 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clinical, demographic, and risk factor data were collected. A structured questionnaire was used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopic findings, lesion characteristics, and histopathological results were recorded. Bowel preparation quality was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Results: Colonoscopy identified polyps and other lesions, with the majority located in the rectum and descending colon. A total of 12 biopsies were performed, revealing 1 malignant lesion, 2 borderline lesions, and the remainder benign. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed gastritis as the most frequent finding, followed by gastric ulcers and polyps, while most patients had normal endoscopic results. Overall, 72% of patients presented at least one risk factor for digestive malignancy. Following treatment, most patients reported improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions: Patients with ER/PR-positive breast cancer may present a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal lesions, potentially related to shared risk factors and the systemic effects of endocrine therapy. Targeted, symptom-oriented endoscopic evaluation may facilitate early detection of premalignant and malignant digestive conditions. A multidisciplinary, risk-adapted surveillance approach should be considered to improve patient outcomes. Further large-scale studies are required to establish evidence-based screening strategies in this population. Full article

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal epidermal hyperplasia and immune-inflammatory imbalance. Although celastrol (Cel) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity, its strong hydrophobicity and low local delivery efficiency limit its therapeutic application. Methods: To enhance its transdermal delivery and topical therapeutic efficacy, a Cel-loaded liposomal hydrogel microneedle system (Cel-lipo-MNs) was developed in this study. Cel-loaded liposomes were first prepared by the thin-film dispersion method, and Cel-lipo-MNs were subsequently fabricated using a multistep vacuum micromolding process combined with UV-induced photocrosslinking. Results: In vivo studies demonstrated that, in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, Cel-lipo-MNs markedly alleviated erythema, scaling, and skin thickening, reduced PASI-like scores. Further investigation revealed that Cel-lipo-MNs significantly downregulated the serum levels of IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-γ, and exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared with free celastrol, conventional liposomes, and blank microneedles. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Cel-lipo-MNs can substantially enhance the therapeutic effect of celastrol against psoriasis-like skin lesions, possibly through suppression of the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis and related immune-inflammatory responses, and provide a promising transdermal delivery strategy for topical psoriasis treatment. Full article

Newcastle disease (ND), a highly contagious poultry disease caused by NDV, primarily triggers gastrointestinal lesions. Microecological preparations, novel biological additives for restoring intestinal microbiota diversity, improve nutrient absorption, reinforce intestinal barrier function, and modulate host immune responses. This study investigated the effects of a compound microecological preparation on intestinal pathogenicity in chickens infected with genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV). SPF chickens were allocated to four dietary groups with or without a compound microecological preparation, followed by NDV challenge in two groups. Survival, intestinal morphology, and transcriptomic responses were assessed. The results showed that chickens fed with the compound microecological preparation exhibited improved intestinal development. Following NDV infection, these chickens displayed milder cecal lesions without obvious hemorrhage and a higher survival rate. Furthermore, differential gene transcription analysis revealed that supplementation with the compound microecological preparation regulated the expression of genes associated with metabolic processes, biological regulation, immune response, and growth and development pathways, consistent with the clinical findings. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the compound microecological preparation promotes intestinal development in chickens, delays disease progression following NDV infection, and alleviates pathological damage. Transcriptomic analysis further indicated that the preparation enhances intestinal mucosal immunity by stimulating IgA production and strengthening the immune response against genotype VII NDV. These findings provide a scientific basis for the application of compound microecological preparations in regulating the intestinal immune system and in the prevention of Newcastle disease. Full article

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by vascular dysregulation, immune dysfunction, neurovascular alterations, and microbial involvement. Recent advances in understanding its pathophysiology have led to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies addressing multiple disease mechanisms. This systematic review aimed to evaluate contemporary evidence regarding emerging and established treatment approaches for rosacea. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 2016 and 2025. Original human studies evaluating therapeutic interventions for rosacea were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools appropriate for each study design. Results: Fifteen studies involving 537 patients with rosacea and 77 controls (614 participants in total) met the eligibility criteria. Evaluated interventions included vascular-targeted therapies, topical anti-inflammatory agents, systemic and immunomodulatory treatments, and microbiome-oriented approaches. Oxymetazoline, pulsed-dye laser, platelet-rich plasma, ivermectin, azelaic acid, dapsone, sulfur preparations, and metronidazole demonstrated clinical benefits in reducing erythema, inflammatory lesions, or overall disease severity. Emerging therapies, including tofacitinib and oral ivermectin, showed promising results in refractory disease. Microbiome-related interventions, particularly Demodex-targeted therapies and Helicobacter pylori eradication, were also associated with clinical improvement. Risk-of-bias assessment identified two studies with low risk of bias, twelve with moderate risk of bias, and one study with high risk of bias. Conclusions: Current evidence supports a multimodal and mechanism-based approach to rosacea management, integrating vascular, inflammatory, immunological, and microbiological targets. However, the available evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodologies, short follow-up periods, and a predominance of non-randomized study designs. Large, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to establish optimal evidence-based treatment strategies and define the long-term efficacy and safety of emerging therapies. Full article

Apical periodontitis is a common inflammatory oral condition and a major cause of endodontic treatment need. The present retrospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the frequency, distribution, and radiographic healing of teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis following primary endodontic treatment or nonsurgical retreatment within a specific patient cohort. Consecutive patients presenting for endodontic treatment at the study clinic between 2020 and 2021 were screened for inclusion. Eligible cases were those in which patients provided written informed consent, presented with periapical inflammatory pathology, and underwent conservative endodontic treatment. Exclusion criteria were incomplete data, non-functional or non-restorable teeth, third molars, pregnancy, probing depth ≥ 4 mm, radiographic bone loss, pathologic tooth mobility due to attachment loss, periodontal involvement of the lesion, and primary dentition. A total of 277 teeth, all diagnosed with apical periodontitis at baseline, were included. Some patients contributed more than one tooth. All treatments were performed by a single operator according to a standardized clinical protocol, including uniform diagnostic criteria, chemo-mechanical preparation, irrigation regimen, obturation technique, and radiographic follow-up at 12 and 24 months. Periapical healing was assessed radiographically using the Periapical Index (PAI). Within this cohort, elderly patients significantly represented the largest proportion of those treated (p < 0.001). Maxillary teeth also comprised a significantly higher proportion of cases than mandibular teeth (55.2% vs. 44.8%). The mean initial PAI score was 3.37 ± 0.9 points, with a median of 3 points, and the final score was 1.31 ± 0.93 points, with a median of 1 point. Radiographic healing was observed in 56.68% of cases at 12 months and in 84.84% of cases at 24 months. Primary endodontic treatment and nonsurgical retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis in this selected patient population were associated with substantial radiographic improvement over a 24-month follow-up period. These findings support the value of standardized endodontic management and longitudinal radiographic monitoring. Full article

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have emerged as a “leave-nothing-behind” strategy in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with potential advantages over drug-eluting stents (DES) in selected patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: We performed a narrative review of randomized controlled trials, registries, and meta-analyses evaluating DCB therapy in ACS, including PEPCAD NSTEMI, REVELATION, BASKET-SMALL 2, AGENT IDE, REC-CAGEFREE I/II, and the ongoing TRANSFORM II trial. Articles were identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL covering January 2005 to February 2026. Results: Across published studies, DCBs have shown outcomes that are non-inferior to those of DES in selected ACS subsets, together with a lower risk of major bleeding attributable to shorter dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) requirements. Advances in intravascular imaging and lesion preparation, alongside emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic-assisted PCI, may further improve DCB performance, although evidence specific to DCB use in ACS remains limited for these adjunctive technologies. Conclusions: DCBs are a reasonable alternative to DES in selected patients with ACS, particularly those at high bleeding risk or with lesion subsets in which DES perform less well (small vessels, in-stent restenosis, bifurcations, diffuse disease). Adequately powered randomized trials with long-term follow-up are required before broader recommendations can be made. Full article

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) represents a clear sign of advanced atherosclerosis and a strong indicator of coronary artery disease burden and cardiovascular risk. Beyond its established prognostic value, CAC significantly influences plaque biology, lesion morphology, and the technical complexity of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of vascular calcification, its clinical determinants, diagnostic assessment, and therapeutic implications. Vascular calcification is now understood as an active, regulated process involving osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory signaling pathways, extracellular vesicle release, and disturbances in mineral metabolism. Distinct calcification phenotypes exert different effects on plaque stability: micro- and spotty calcifications are frequently linked to plaque vulnerability, whereas dense, sheet-like calcification is more typical of stable fibrocalcific lesions. The prevalence of CAC increases with age and differs between sexes, while cardiometabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, systemic inflammation, and genetic predisposition further contribute to its development. Noninvasive computed tomography remains the cornerstone for CAC detection and quantification, enabling reliable cardiovascular risk stratification. Intravascular imaging techniques, particularly intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, provide detailed characterization of calcified plaque morphology and support optimal procedural planning. In patients with heavily calcified lesions, intravascular imaging-guided lesion preparation and stent optimization represent the most effective strategy for improving PCI outcomes. Full article

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a colorless solution used at different concentrations. It is a topical treatment used on caries lesions having as its main properties being cariostatic, remineralizing and antibacterial. Nanosilver fluoride (NSF) is effective as a cariostatic without a staining effect on the tooth surface as in the case of SDF, which generates a black stain on the treated surface. This NSF has been shown to exhibit low toxicity and continue to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Purpose: To compare the antibacterial effect of silver diamine fluoride and nanosilver fluoride against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The NSF was prepared by starting with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with chitosan and then adding it to a sodium fluoride (NaF) solution. The compared groups were SDF, NSF, AgNPs, NaF, and chlorhexidine. The antibacterial effect will be measured using the Kirby–Bauer microbiological technique. Results: The analysis of results was obtained using the ANOVA statistical test. A significant difference was obtained in the comparison between the groups with a value of p = 0.001. Subsequently, Tukey’s test was applied, obtaining significant differences between all the groups compared against the SDF, obtaining greater results in this group. Conclusions: Both silver diamine fluoride and nanosilver fluoride exhibit strong antibacterial activity at commercially recommended concentrations, supporting their use as optimal dental materials in both interceptive and preventive caries treatments. Full article

Background: Interventional cardiology is increasingly being reshaped by rapid progress in non-invasive cardiovascular imaging. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTCA), once used mainly to exclude obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), is now being adopted as a broader planning instrument before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Its ability to generate high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the coronary tree, together with functional assessment through CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT) and more advanced plaque analysis supported by artificial intelligence (AI), has expanded its relevance from diagnosis alone to strategic procedural preparation. In this setting, CTCA can help refine lesion assessment, anticipate technical complexity, and support better procedural and clinical outcomes. Technological Advancements: The value of CTCA for both diagnosis and risk stratification has increased substantially with recent technical innovation. Among the most important developments is the maturation of FFR-CT, which enables non-invasive physiological interrogation of coronary stenoses using computational modeling. At the same time, artificial intelligence and deep learning tools are reshaping the CTCA workflow by improving automation, facilitating plaque analysis, and highlighting adverse plaque characteristics such as positive remodeling, spotty calcification, and the napkin-ring sign. Clinical Applications: In modern catheterization practice, CTCA is increasingly used to address anatomically demanding scenarios. Its role is particularly valuable in chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention, where it can delineate occlusion length, stump characteristics, vessel course, and collateral anatomy before the procedure. Its usefulness also extends beyond CTO PCI by supporting vessel sizing, stent planning, and anticipation of lesion preparation requirements in complex coronary disease. Challenges: Despite these advantages, several barriers continue to limit wider implementation, including blooming from heavy calcification, radiation burden, contrast-related renal concerns, and the practical difficulty of embedding CTCA-based planning into routine workflows. Conclusions: CTCA is becoming an increasingly important adjunct in PCI planning because it can combine anatomical definition, physiological interpretation, and plaque-level information before invasive treatment is undertaken. Overall, this review emphasizes CTCA not only as a diagnostic modality, but also as a practical pre-procedural roadmap that can guide lesion selection, stent planning, calcium modification strategies, and overall PCI strategy. Full article

Using beneficial bacteria from the plant microbiome to combat pathogens is an environmentally friendly strategy for biological control. Although significant progress has been made in characterizing microorganisms with biocontrol potential, the optimal methods for applying such biological preparations to achieve maximum effectiveness against plant pathogens remain insufficiently defined. Our goal was to select rhizobacteria from the sugar beet microbiome and analyze their biocontrol capacity in both indirect and direct applications to protect the plant from Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata P21. The methodological approach differed: indirect application involved seed priming with selected strains, Bacillus safensis MRh275, B. pseudomycoides JRh226, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JRh266, or the T2 consortium (MRh275 and JRh266), while direct application involved simultaneous treatment of both the pathogen and the biocontrol strain. Although the direct approach resulted in a greater reduction in lesions and a lower concentration of H₂O₂, the indirect approach showed higher activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as antioxidant enzymes, as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway and plant defense mechanisms. Infected plants showed higher expression of NPR1, MYC2, and LOX defense-related genes only under indirect biocontrol with all three strains, except in the T2 application. The T2 consortium performed best in direct biocontrol, where it most effectively reduced lesions. Since encounters between plants and pathogens cannot be accurately predicted, and the application of biological preparations should be easy and accessible for farmers, this study highlights the use of indirect biocontrol through seed priming to enhance the plant’s intrinsic defense capacity. Full article

Coronary artery calcification, present in 20–30% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), significantly impairs procedural success. Conventional angiography detects calcification in fewer than half of affected cases, while intravascular imaging—though precise—requires lesion crossability that cannot be guaranteed in up to 20% of severely calcified lesions. Cardiac CT (CCT) addresses both constraints by providing comprehensive, three-dimensional calcium characterization before the procedure begins, independent of wire crossability. This review details how specific CCT-derived parameters translate into procedural decisions. Calcium arc, depth, density, and longitudinal distribution each carry distinct implications for device selection: superficial high-density calcium favors atherectomy, while deep concentric patterns are better addressed by intravascular lithotripsy. Validated scoring systems—including the ABCD score—enable objective pre-procedural risk stratification. For chronic total occlusions, bifurcation lesions, ostial stenoses, and very long calcified segments, CCT provides lesion-specific information that supports stepwise strategy selection, equipment preparation, and anticipation of combined modification approaches. Importantly, CCT also identifies anatomical configurations—such as left main bifurcations or tortuous calcified segments—where specific device-related risks warrant particular caution. CCT and intravascular imaging serve complementary roles: CCT defines the strategic framework before the procedure, while intravascular imaging guides real-time execution and optimization. Limitations include operator-dependent interpretation, the absence of standardized protocols for translating calcium morphology into device selection, and the need to validate established Hounsfield unit thresholds in emerging photon-counting CT systems. Prospective randomized evidence comparing CCT-guided and intravascular imaging-guided strategies remains limited but is anticipated from ongoing trials. Full article

Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers ingest sediment-like particles, making substrate-associated exposure pathways ecologically relevant in coastal aquaculture. In this study, a sea mud feed matrix was used to evaluate short-term dietborne/substrate-linked glyphosate exposure in Apostichopus japonicus over 72 h, with the aim of characterizing early residue formation, short-term sublethal biomarker responses, and gut microbiota shifts under a benthic feeding scenario. Analytical verification confirmed a clear glyphosate gradient in the prepared feed matrices, with no glyphosate detected in the control matrix and measured concentrations of 8.66 ± 1.59 mg/kg, 1330 ± 390 mg/kg, and 6960 ± 1710 mg/kg in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. No mortality or obvious external lesions were observed during the exposure period. Tissue analysis confirmed measurable internal glyphosate residues and compartment-specific distribution, indicating successful internal exposure under the matrix-linked route. Most digestive and immune/antioxidant biomarkers remained relatively stable within the 72 h window; however, amylase showed a marked response in the low-dose group, and superoxide dismutase showed dose-associated changes in the medium- and high-dose groups, indicating selective sensitivity among enzyme endpoints. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a dominance-structured community with limited alpha-diversity variation among groups, whereas community composition showed subtle treatment-related shifts that were more evident at finer taxonomic resolution. Predicted functional profiles remained broadly similar across treatments. Overall, the 72 h exposure design was effective for identifying early internal exposure and short-term biological responses under a sea mud-associated feeding route, while host physiological responses remained largely buffered over this time scale and the gut microbiota provided a more sensitive interface-level signal of exposure-associated change. These findings support the value of a route-specific, gut-centered framework for evaluating early herbicide exposure responses in benthic mariculture species and suggest that matrix-associated feeding conditions may modify the apparent magnitude of short-term responses. Full article

Background: Platelet concentrates (PCs) are vital for treating hematologic disorders and thrombocytopenia, yet their short shelf life (3–5 days) is limited by platelet storage lesion (PSL)—a process involving biochemical and structural deterioration that reduces post-transfusion efficacy. This study aimed to characterize alterations in platelet surface receptors and RNA content during storage to better understand PSL mechanisms. Methods: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from healthy donors and stored PCs. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of GPIbα, GPVI, Integrin αIIbβ3, and CD9. Thiazole orange (TO) staining evaluated RNA content to distinguish young from aged platelets, while soluble GPVI (sGPVI) levels were quantified by ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Baseline receptor profiles were established from fresh donor platelets. Stored PCs showed a progressive decline in GPIbα and GPVI expression from day 6, with significant reductions by day 11 (p < 0.05). αIIbβ3 expression decreased early (day 6) and stabilized thereafter, whereas CD9 remained unchanged. TO staining indicated a gradual loss of RNA-rich platelets, signifying aging. ELISA revealed increased sGPVI levels from day 6 to day 14, inversely correlating with surface GPVI loss. Conclusions: Prolonged storage leads to receptor degradation and platelet senescence, notably affecting GPIbα, GPVI, and αIIbβ3. Elevated sGPVI levels and reduced RNA content reflect progressive PSL. Flow cytometry and ELISA offer reliable monitoring tools, and sGPVI may serve as a biomarker for platelet quality during storage. Full article