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Keywords = integrated power distribution system laboratory

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29 pages, 12889 KiB  
Article
Development of a Multi-Robot System for Autonomous Inspection of Nuclear Waste Tank Pits
by Pengcheng Cao, Edward Kaleb Houck, Anthony D'Andrea, Robert Kinoshita, Kristan B. Egan, Porter J. Zohner and Yidong Xia
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9307; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179307 - 24 Aug 2025
Abstract
This paper introduces the overall design plan, development timeline, and preliminary progress of the Autonomous Pit Exploration System project. This project aims to develop an advanced multi-robot system for the efficient inspection of nuclear waste-storage tank pits. The project is structured into three [...] Read more.
This paper introduces the overall design plan, development timeline, and preliminary progress of the Autonomous Pit Exploration System project. This project aims to develop an advanced multi-robot system for the efficient inspection of nuclear waste-storage tank pits. The project is structured into three phases: Phase 1 involves data collection and interface definition in collaboration with Hanford Site experts and university partners, focusing on tank riser geometry and hardware solutions. Phase 2 includes the selection of sensors and robot components, detailed mechanical design, and prototyping. Phase 3 integrates all components into a cohesive system managed by a master control package which also incorporates digital twin and surrogate models, and culminates in comprehensive testing and validation at a simulated tank pit at the Idaho National Laboratory. Additionally, the system’s communication design ensures coordinated operation through shared data, power, and control signals. For transportation and deployment, an electric vehicle (EV) is chosen to support the system for a full 10 h shift with better regulatory compliance for field deployment. A telescopic arm design is selected for its simple configuration and superior reach capability and controllability. Preliminary testing utilizes an educational robot to demonstrate the feasibility of splitting computational tasks between edge and cloud computers. Successful simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) tasks validate our distributed computing approach. More design considerations are also discussed, including radiation hardness assurance, SLAM performance, software transferability, and digital twinning strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechatronic Systems Design and Optimization)
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18 pages, 4525 KiB  
Article
Coordinated Optimization of Household Air Conditioning and Battery Energy Storage Systems: Implementation and Performance Evaluation
by Alaa Shakir, Jingbang Zhang, Yigang He and Peipei Wang
Processes 2025, 13(3), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030631 - 23 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 923
Abstract
Improving user-level energy efficiency is critical for reducing the load on the power grid and addressing the challenges created by tight power balance when operating domestic air conditioning equipment under time-of-use (ToU) pricing. This paper presents a data-driven control method for HVAC (heating, [...] Read more.
Improving user-level energy efficiency is critical for reducing the load on the power grid and addressing the challenges created by tight power balance when operating domestic air conditioning equipment under time-of-use (ToU) pricing. This paper presents a data-driven control method for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems that is based on model predictive control (MPC) and takes ToU electricity pricing into account. To describe building thermal dynamics, a multi-layer neural network is constructed using time-delayed embedding, with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) serving as the activation function for hidden layers. Using this piecewise affine approximation, an optimization model is developed within a receding horizon control framework, integrating the data-driven model and transforming it into a mixed-integer linear programming issue for efficient problem solving. Furthermore, this research suggests a hybrid optimization model for integrating air conditioning systems and battery energy storage systems. By employing a rolling time-domain control method, the proposed model minimizes the frequency of switching between charging and discharging states of the battery energy storage system, improving system reliability and efficiency. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based home energy management system is developed and validated in a real laboratory environment, complemented by a distributed integration solution for the energy management monitoring platform and other essential components. The simulation results and field measurements demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, revealing discernible pre-cooling and pre-charging behaviors prior to peak electricity pricing periods. This cooperative economic operation reduces electricity expenses by 13% compared to standalone operation. Full article
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24 pages, 6146 KiB  
Article
Improving V2G Systems Performance with Low-Pass Filter and Fuzzy Logic for PV Power Smoothing in Weak Low-Voltage Networks
by Edisson Villa-Ávila, Paul Arévalo, Danny Ochoa-Correa, Juan Leonardo Espinoza, Esteban Albornoz-Vintimilla and Francisco Jurado
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 1952; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041952 - 13 Feb 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 989
Abstract
The rapid integration of photovoltaic (PV) energy into weak low-voltage networks presents significant challenges to grid stability and power quality, highlighting the need for effective power smoothing methods. This paper proposes and evaluates three fuzzy logic-enhanced power smoothing techniques—V2GGlide (low-pass filter), V2GSUN (moving [...] Read more.
The rapid integration of photovoltaic (PV) energy into weak low-voltage networks presents significant challenges to grid stability and power quality, highlighting the need for effective power smoothing methods. This paper proposes and evaluates three fuzzy logic-enhanced power smoothing techniques—V2GGlide (low-pass filter), V2GSUN (moving average filter), and V2GSmooth (ramp rate filter)—integrated with a lithium-ion battery energy storage system. The methods were tested under three distinct state-of-charge (SoC) conditions. Results show that V2GGlide achieved the highest variance reduction (22.24%) at high SoC levels, providing superior performance in mitigating power fluctuations and ensuring stable grid output. V2GSUN demonstrated consistent effectiveness, achieving variance reductions of up to 17.82% under low SoC conditions, making it well-suited for systems with intermediate storage availability. V2GSmooth exhibited balanced performance across all SoC levels, combining efficient energy delivery with reduced battery degradation, particularly at lower SoC levels. The proposed methods were validated under real-world conditions in a low-voltage microgrid laboratory connected to a public distribution network, confirming their practical applicability for enhancing PV energy integration and grid stability. Full article
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20 pages, 5663 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Output Scenario Generation of Renewable Energy Using Transformer–Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets-Gradient Penalty
by Liuqing Gu, Jian Xu, Deping Ke, Youhan Deng, Xiaojun Hua and Yi Yu
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 10936; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410936 - 13 Dec 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1643
Abstract
As renewable energy sources are becoming more widely integrated into the modern power system, the uncertainties within this system are becoming increasingly prominent. It is crucial to accurately describe the uncertainties in renewable energy output for the effective planning, scheduling, and control of [...] Read more.
As renewable energy sources are becoming more widely integrated into the modern power system, the uncertainties within this system are becoming increasingly prominent. It is crucial to accurately describe the uncertainties in renewable energy output for the effective planning, scheduling, and control of power systems. For this purpose, the aim of this paper is to introduce a method for generating short-term output scenarios for renewable energy sources based on an improved Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets-Gradient Penalty. First, a Deep Neural Network structure inspired by the Transformer algorithm is developed to capture the temporal characteristics of renewable energy outputs. Then, combined with the advantage of the data generation of the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets-Gradient Penalty, the Transformer–Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets-Gradient Penalty is proposed to generate short-term renewable energy output scenarios. Finally, experimental validation is conducted on open-source wind and photovoltaic datasets from the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, where the performance of the proposed model in generating renewable energy output scenarios across various aspects (i.e., individual sample representation, expectation and variance, probability density function, cumulative distribution function, power spectral density, autocorrelation coefficient, and pinball loss) is assessed. The results show that our method outperforms the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets-Gradient Penalty, Variational Autoencoder, Copula function, and Latin Hypercube Sampling models in the abovementioned evaluation indicators, providing a more precise probability distribution representation of realistic short-term renewable energy outputs. Full article
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21 pages, 7736 KiB  
Article
Reducing Peak Power in a Multiple Load System by Delaying the Activation of Electrical Loads Using a Filter Based on a PI Controller
by Jerzy Kasprzyk and Michał Szulc
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9674; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219674 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1160
Abstract
In a power grid with multiple two-state loads, the total power can vary over a significant range. This results in the inability to supply this system from a low-power source. The solution is an algorithm that shapes energy demand depending on its availability. [...] Read more.
In a power grid with multiple two-state loads, the total power can vary over a significant range. This results in the inability to supply this system from a low-power source. The solution is an algorithm that shapes energy demand depending on its availability. For this purpose, a new load distribution method is proposed based on introducing a buffer between the temperature controller output and the heater and filtering the load using a master Proportional–Integral (PI) controller. The aim of the work was to evaluate the quality of the developed algorithm for limiting power peaks in the power grid. The research was conducted on a model of the Creep Test Laboratory with 389 heaters simulated in MATLAB Simulink R2023b. The algorithm was tested with various settings of the master controller parameters. By experimentally adjusting these parameters, a ten-fold reduction in peak power was achieved. The standard deviation for the L1 phase was reduced from 7.6 kW to 0.6 kW. Similar results were obtained for phases L2 and L3. The tested control system tracked changes in the average power value by changing the number of loads switched on and by frequency-modulating the signal when the change was less than the power of a single load. It was demonstrated that the controlled delayed switching of electrical loads can modify the shape of the total electric power without affecting their operation. The proposed solution features a low computational complexity, which allows its implementation in various systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Advanced Power Electronics in Power Networks)
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19 pages, 14284 KiB  
Article
The Research on Microwave Drying Characteristics of Polyethylene Terephthalate Materials Based on Frequency and Power Tuning Technology
by Chongwei Liao, Zhongqi He, Rong Tang, Weixin Zhang, Changjun Liu and Chuanlong Wang
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1488; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071488 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1449
Abstract
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), renowned for its exceptional physical and chemical properties, finds widespread use in our daily lives. However, conventional PET drying methods are time consuming and energy intensive. Leveraging microwave heating effects, we investigated drying characteristics concerning both microwave parameters and PET [...] Read more.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), renowned for its exceptional physical and chemical properties, finds widespread use in our daily lives. However, conventional PET drying methods are time consuming and energy intensive. Leveraging microwave heating effects, we investigated drying characteristics concerning both microwave parameters and PET permittivity. The PET permittivity variation during heating is related to the microwave reflection at the incident port. Our innovative approach involves frequency and power tuning based on reflection. This method not only significantly improved heating uniformity and reduced temperature covariance (COVT) but also led to a more uniformly distributed temperature profile and a drastic reduction in energy consumption. Integrating precise and rapid frequency tuning, we compared our method’s efficiency with traditional approaches, revealing an impressive time savings of 2 h and an energy consumption limited to approximately less than 3 kWh/kg. Notably, our laboratory system’s logistic models of the Moisture Ratio (MR) related to rotary rates, masses, and powers whose averages of R-square are 0.9972, 0.9982, and 0.9977, respectively, which provide intriguing insights for industrial production forecasts during variable frequency PET drying. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Applications in Chemistry and Industry)
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21 pages, 9425 KiB  
Article
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Smart Inverter Testing with Distributed Energy Resource Management Systems
by Hao Chang and Luigi Vanfretti
Electronics 2024, 13(10), 1866; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101866 - 10 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2381
Abstract
The increasing integration of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters and inverter-based resource (IBR) systems into the power grid emphasizes the critical need for standardized procedures to ensure their reliability and effective grid support functions. This research is driven by the gap in standardized testing [...] Read more.
The increasing integration of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters and inverter-based resource (IBR) systems into the power grid emphasizes the critical need for standardized procedures to ensure their reliability and effective grid support functions. This research is driven by the gap in standardized testing methodologies for smart inverters, which are pivotal for the stability and quality of power in distributed energy systems. We used a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) laboratory setup to conduct a comprehensive analysis of smart inverters within a simulated real-world grid environment. Our approach integrates a Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS) with PHIL testing to evaluate the smart inverter’s performance across various operational modes. The detailed test protocols mimic real-world grid conditions, enabling the examination of the inverter’s dynamic response to grid disturbances, control strategies, and communication protocols. The primary aim of this study is to rigorously test and validate the primary functions of smart inverters, focusing on their impact on overall grid stability and power quality management. This includes advanced features like Volt–VAR, Volt–Watt, dynamic power factor control, and the seamless integration of smart inverters into DERMSs and Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMSs). Furthermore, we aim to bridge the current gap in standardized testing procedures, contributing to the establishment of robust standards and operating protocols for smart inverter integration into the grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Renewable Energy System)
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16 pages, 7390 KiB  
Article
Operation and Coordinated Energy Management in Multi-Microgrids for Improved and Resilient Distributed Energy Resource Integration in Power Systems
by Ahmed Aghmadi and Osama A. Mohammed
Electronics 2024, 13(2), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020358 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3493
Abstract
Multi-microgrids (MMGs) revolutionize integrating and managing diverse distributed energy resources (DERs), significantly enhancing the overall efficiency of energy systems. Unlike traditional power systems, MMGs comprise interconnected microgrids that operate independently or collaboratively. This innovative concept adeptly addresses challenges posed by pulsed load effects, [...] Read more.
Multi-microgrids (MMGs) revolutionize integrating and managing diverse distributed energy resources (DERs), significantly enhancing the overall efficiency of energy systems. Unlike traditional power systems, MMGs comprise interconnected microgrids that operate independently or collaboratively. This innovative concept adeptly addresses challenges posed by pulsed load effects, capitalizing on the cooperative nature of interconnected microgrids. A coordinated MMG system effectively redistributes and shares the impact of pulsed loads, mitigating voltage fluctuations and ensuring sustained system stability. The proposed cooperative MMG scheme optimizes power distribution and load prioritization, facilitating the seamless allocation of surplus energy from neighboring microgrids to meet sudden surges in demand. This study focuses on DC standalone multi-microgrid systems, showcasing their inherent adaptability, resilience, and operational efficiency in managing pulse, variable, and unpredictable generation deficits. Several experiments on a laboratory-scale DC multi-microgrid validate the system’s robust performance. Notably, transient current fluctuations during pulse loads are promptly stabilized through the effective collaboration of microgrids. Variable load experiments reveal distinct behaviors, shedding light on the profound influence of control strategies. This research reveals the transformative potential of MMGs in addressing energy challenges, with a particular focus on DC standalone multi-microgrid systems. The findings underscore the adaptability and resilience of the proposed cooperative scheme, marking a significant stride in the evolution of modern power systems. Full article
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27 pages, 5088 KiB  
Article
Advancing Renewable Energy: An Experimental Study of a Switched-Inductor, Switched-Capacitor Luo Boost Converter for Low-Voltage Applications
by Davut Ertekin, Kübra Baltacı and Mehmet Çelebi
Electronics 2023, 12(24), 5006; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12245006 - 14 Dec 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1603
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV), battery, and fuel cell (FC) technologies are emerging forms of renewable energy gaining popularity. However, one of the key limitations is their production of direct current (DC) voltage, which hinders the connectivity and integration with the electrical grid. To address this [...] Read more.
Photovoltaic (PV), battery, and fuel cell (FC) technologies are emerging forms of renewable energy gaining popularity. However, one of the key limitations is their production of direct current (DC) voltage, which hinders the connectivity and integration with the electrical grid. To address this issue, various DC/DC boost converters have been introduced. This study presents an innovative Luo converter with a switched-inductor–capacitor (SLC) cell at the input and a switched-capacitor (SC) cell at the output. The SLC cell not only increases the input voltage, but also enhances the source’s lifespan and reliability. The SC cell further amplifies the voltage, especially for high-gain applications. The proposed converter simplifies control processes by using a single power switch, significantly boosting the input voltage by 21 times with a duty ratio of 0.8. This surpasses the gains achieved by conventional boost converters by over fourfold and Luo converters by sevenfold. The second challenge when a converter is connected to these voltage sources is the potential reduction in the lifespan of the sources and the overall system due to large input current ripples. The proposed converter addresses this issue by incorporating a switched-capacitor cell on the input side. This cell charges the inductors in parallel and discharges them in series, reducing the magnitude of the input current. Another advantage of the proposed converter is its simplicity, as it employs only one power switch, minimizing the complexity of the controller system. Additionally, the distribution of the output voltage passing through the diodes between the switch and output capacitor helps mitigate voltage stress for all semiconductor devices and capacitors. The study includes thorough mathematical analyses, simulations, and laboratory tests to validate the research’s theoretical foundations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Power Electronics)
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25 pages, 13277 KiB  
Article
Alleviation of Power Quality Issues in MVF-DEANF-PLL Based Solar PV Systems under Polluted Grid Conditions
by Balasubramanian Mohan, Saravanan Siddhan and Nagarajan Chinnadurai
Sustainability 2023, 15(21), 15487; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115487 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1247
Abstract
Solar energy is a sustainable and environmentally safe power source due to its widespread availability and cleanliness. Nowadays, the grid-integrated solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) has to work with a polluted grid, an imbalanced load, and changing solar irradiation. When the grid is polluted, [...] Read more.
Solar energy is a sustainable and environmentally safe power source due to its widespread availability and cleanliness. Nowadays, the grid-integrated solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) has to work with a polluted grid, an imbalanced load, and changing solar irradiation. When the grid is polluted, it is also crucial to enhance power quality (PQ) at a common coupling point (CCP) while supplying significantly distorted and unreliable loads. For effective synchronization and the production of unit templates, it is necessary to retrieve positive sequence components (PSCs) from distorted/imbalanced grid voltages. In this study, a control algorithm for a grid-integrated SPVS is developed using a multi-variable filter dual-enhanced adaptive notch filter phase-locked loop (MVF-DEANF-PLL) which offers seamless grid synchronization and PQ issue alleviation. In a polluted grid environment, the proposed control approach aids in the reduction in current/voltage harmonics, DC offset, unity power factor (UPF) operation, and rapid estimation of sequence components. Even in unbalanced grid conditions, the proposed control approach efficiently extracts PSCs of both unbalanced load current and polluted CCP grid voltages. These PSCs are utilized to generate unit templates and reference source currents. By using a flexible step-size incremental conductance (FSSINC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, the highest available power of SPVS is gathered. MATLAB/Simulink is utilized for modelling a 7.22 kW SPV system, and results from simulations which depict that the proposed algorithm efficiently resolves PQ concerns in distribution networks with a polluted grid. Test observations of a 1 kW laboratory-developed SPVS prototype were recorded in compliance with the IEEE-519 standard. The suggested control technique complies with the aforementioned standards by providing a sinusoidal balanced source current that has a THD of 2.5%. Comparisons between the proposed control’s performance and that of a conventional SRF-PLL-based control technique were also performed. Full article
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40 pages, 2879 KiB  
Article
Engineering-Scale Integrated Energy System Data Projection Demonstration via the Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory
by Ramon Yoshiura, Sarah Creasman and Aaron Epiney
Energies 2023, 16(16), 5878; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165878 - 8 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
The objective of this study is to demonstrate and validate the Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL) preliminary scaling analysis using Modelica language system-code Dymola. The DETAIL preliminary scaling analysis includes a multisystem integral scaling package between thermal-storage and hydrogen-electrolysis systems. To [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to demonstrate and validate the Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL) preliminary scaling analysis using Modelica language system-code Dymola. The DETAIL preliminary scaling analysis includes a multisystem integral scaling package between thermal-storage and hydrogen-electrolysis systems. To construct the system of scaled equations, dynamical system scaling (DSS) was applied to all governing laws and closure relations associated with the selected integral system. The existing Dymola thermal-energy distribution system (TEDS) facility and high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) facility models in the Idaho National Laboratory HYBRID repository were used to simulate a test case and a corresponding scaled case for integrated system HYBRID demonstration and validation. The DSS projected data based on the test-case simulations and determined scaling ratios were generated and compared with scaled case simulations. The preliminary scaling analysis performance was evaluated, and scaling distortions were investigated based on data magnitude, sequence, and similarity. The results indicated a necessity to change the normalization method for thermal storage generating optimal operating conditions of 261 kW power and mass flow rate of 6.42 kg/s and the possibility of reselecting governing laws for hydrogen electrolysis to improve scaling predictive properties. To enhance system-scaling similarity for TEDS and HTSE, the requirement for scaling validation via physical-facility demonstration was identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Energy Storage and Applications)
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23 pages, 8382 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Energy Power Quality in Low-Voltage Networks Integrating Renewable Energy Generation: A Case Study in a Microgrid Laboratory
by Edisson Villa-Ávila, Paul Arévalo, Roque Aguado, Danny Ochoa-Correa, Vinicio Iñiguez-Morán, Francisco Jurado and Marcos Tostado-Véliz
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5386; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145386 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2257
Abstract
Nowadays, energy decarbonization due to integrating renewable energy sources presents important challenges to overcome. The intermittent nature of photovoltaic systems reduces power quality by producing voltage variations and frequency deviations in electrical system networks, especially in weak and isolated distribution systems in developing [...] Read more.
Nowadays, energy decarbonization due to integrating renewable energy sources presents important challenges to overcome. The intermittent nature of photovoltaic systems reduces power quality by producing voltage variations and frequency deviations in electrical system networks, especially in weak and isolated distribution systems in developing countries. This paper presents a power smoothing method for improving the low-pass filter and moving average for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. This novel method includes state-of-charge monitoring control of the supercapacitor’s energy storage system to reduce the fluctuations of photovoltaic power at the point of common coupling. A case study for a microgrid in a high-altitude city in Ecuador is presented with exhaustive laboratory tests using real data. This research aims to improve energy power quality in electrical distribution systems to cope with the growth of renewable penetration. The results demonstrate significant power quality and stability improvements achieved through the proposed method. For instance, the power smoothing method effectively reduced power fluctuations by 16.7% with the low-pass filter, 14.05% with the ramp-rate filter, and 9.7% with the moving average filter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges of Renewable Energy in Developing Countries)
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23 pages, 12720 KiB  
Article
Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Energy Management Strategy Based on Two-Step ANN
by Tae-Gyu Kim, Hoon Lee, Chang-Gyun An, Junsin Yi and Chung-Yuen Won
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041787 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2994
Abstract
In grid-connected operations, a microgrid can solve the problem of surplus power through regeneration; however, in the case of standalone operations, the only method to solve the surplus power problem is charging the energy storage system (ESS). However, because there is a limit [...] Read more.
In grid-connected operations, a microgrid can solve the problem of surplus power through regeneration; however, in the case of standalone operations, the only method to solve the surplus power problem is charging the energy storage system (ESS). However, because there is a limit to the capacity that can be charged in an ESS, a separate energy management strategy (EMS) is required for stable microgrid operation. This paper proposes an EMS for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid based on an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN is composed of a two-step process that operates the microgrid by outputting the operation mode and charging and discharging the ESS. The microgrid consists of an interlinking converter to link with the AC distributed system, a photovoltaic converter, a wind turbine converter, and an ESS. The control method of each converter was determined according to the mode selection of the ANN. The proposed ANN-based EMS was verified using a laboratory-scale hybrid AC/DC microgrid. The experimental results reveal that the microgrid operation performed stably through control of individual converters via mode selection and reference to ESS power, which is the result of ANN integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids)
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13 pages, 4095 KiB  
Article
Test Platform for Developing Processes of Autonomous Identification in RFID Systems with Proximity-Range Read/Write Devices
by Bartłomiej Wilczkiewicz, Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz and Mariusz Węglarski
Electronics 2023, 12(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030617 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2100
Abstract
The subject of a distributed RFID system with proximity-range read/write devices (RWD) is considered in this paper. Possible work scenarios were presented in the scope of industrial implementations and were then tested in a dedicated laboratory set. The development system is based on [...] Read more.
The subject of a distributed RFID system with proximity-range read/write devices (RWD) is considered in this paper. Possible work scenarios were presented in the scope of industrial implementations and were then tested in a dedicated laboratory set. The development system is based on a high-frequency RWD integrated with a Wi-Fi microcontroller unit to create an Internet of things connected with a server (for data exchanging, user interface, etc.) via a wireless local area network. In practical applications, in order to increase the interrogation zone (IZ), there is a tendency to use one RWD with significant output power equipped with a multiplexer for managing several antennas located in the operational space. Such a solution is often economically unprofitable and even impossible to implement, especially in the case of the need to create the large IZ. Responding to market demand, the authors propose a distributed system developed on the basis of several cheap RFID reader modules and a few freely available hardware/software tools. They created the fully functional RFID platform and confirmed its usefulness in static and dynamic systems of object identification. Full article
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15 pages, 3579 KiB  
Article
A New Installation for Geomagnetic Field Monitoring at Talos Dome, a Remote Antarctic Site Away from Permanent Observatories
by Lucia Santarelli, Paolo Bagiacchi, Giovanni Benedetti, Domenico Di Mauro and Stefania Lepidi
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(2), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020339 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3126
Abstract
An automatic geomagnetic station for monitoring the Earth’s magnetic field variations was installed in December 2020 at Talos Dome, a remote site on the Antarctic Plateau, about 300 km away from the permanent geomagnetic observatory at Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS). Designed and assembled [...] Read more.
An automatic geomagnetic station for monitoring the Earth’s magnetic field variations was installed in December 2020 at Talos Dome, a remote site on the Antarctic Plateau, about 300 km away from the permanent geomagnetic observatory at Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS). Designed and assembled at the laboratory of electronics of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in Rome, this autonomous station is formed by a vector magnetometer specifically manufactured by Lviv Institute (Ukraine) for very low temperatures and a low-power system supplied by batteries charged by a wind generator and solar panel. Data, sampled at 1 Hz, are locally stored and can be downloaded once a year during the Antarctic summer expeditions. The goal was to integrate observatory data for better monitoring the geomagnetic field from an uncovered Antarctic area. In fact, it is well known that the distribution of geomagnetic observatories strongly favors the northern hemisphere, and each new instrumental installation in Antarctica should be considered as a useful attempt to balance the geomagnetic monitoring in the two hemispheres. The achieved goal was to obtain a long data series, keeping the station working even during the austral winter when the temperature can reach −60 °C; we recorded almost 11 months of data in one year and the station is still operating. Data from the new station, jointly with data from permanent observatories, improve the analysis of the magnetospheric dynamics and the ionosphere–magnetosphere coupling. Talos Dome, together with the Italian geomagnetic observatory at Mario Zucchelli Station and New Zealand geomagnetic observatory at Scott Base, constitutes a network along the 80°S geomagnetic parallel, which is interesting for studying the longitudinal propagation of geomagnetic signals of external origin. In this work we present the characteristics of the station and of the data it provides, with the aim of them for analysis in the framework of space weather. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antarctic Remote Sensing Applications)
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