Search Results (109)

The Böhme abrasion test (EN 14157) is widely used to evaluate the wear resistance of natural stones; however, the abrasive powder specified by TS 699 requiring 70–80 wt.% crystalline Al₂O₃ is not commercially available in the Turkish market. Commercially supplied abrasives deviate substantially from both the prescribed chemical composition and the grain-size distribution of TS 699, introducing a recognized but unresolved source of variability in Böhme abrasion measurements. This study evaluates the influence of abrasive type and particle-size distribution on Böhme abrasion performance with the aim of identifying which available abrasive material yields the most reliable and reproducible test results. The emphasis is therefore metrological—on test repeatability and standardization—rather than on ranking the abrasion resistance of the stones. Six natural stones representing contrasting lithologies—four crystalline marbles, one limestone, and one granite—were tested using five abrasive powders: two locally produced natural emery abrasives (Emery-1 and Emery-2), silicon carbide (SiC), white corundum, and brown corundum. Each abrasive was evaluated under both standardized graded conditions prepared in accordance with TS 699 and heterogeneous ungraded conditions reflecting common industrial practice. Chemical analyses confirmed that both emery abrasives deviate markedly from TS 699 specifications, with Al₂O₃ contents (~57.7 wt.%) well below the required range and Fe₂O₃ (~24 wt.%) considerably exceeding the standard limit. Sieve analyses further revealed substantial particle-size deviations in several commercial abrasives. One-way ANOVA demonstrated that abrasive type exerts a statistically significant influence on abrasion performance (F = 8.99, p < 0.05, η² = 0.297). SiC consistently produced the highest abrasion values, followed by corundum-based abrasives, while emery abrasives showed comparatively lower but stable performance. Independent-samples t-tests showed that particle-size grading significantly affected abrasion performance only for brown corundum (p < 0.05), attributable to its markedly elevated coarse particle fraction. Petrographic analysis, XRD, and SEM–EDS characterization of the investigated rocks confirmed that abrasion response is additionally modulated by rock mineralogy and microstructure. Under standardized grading conditions, SiC provided the most consistent and reproducible results across all lithologies, supporting its suitability as the reference abrasive for inter-laboratory Böhme testing. Locally produced emery abrasives, despite their chemical non-compliance with TS 699, yielded stable and reproducible outcomes under controlled grading, supporting their potential as cost-effective alternatives for routine testing. Full article

Granite is a major lithology of stone-built cultural heritage across East Asia, the Iberian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, Egypt and Italy. Long regarded as durable, it nonetheless undergoes mineralogical, microstructural and macroscopic alteration through pathways that are mechanistically universal yet regionally distinctive in expression. This review synthesizes granite weathering within a multianalytical framework spanning mineralogy, microstructure, geochemistry, environmental drivers and conservation science. Mineral-specific reactions—feldspar hydrolysis, biotite oxidation coupled to clay-mineral genesis, iron-bearing transformations driving surface coloration, quartz-mediated thermal microcracking and accessory-mineral pathologies—are examined as coupled processes governing macroscopic decay. A suite of complementary analytical methods, including non-destructive, minimally invasive and laboratory-based techniques, delivers mechanistic and prognostic resolution unattainable by any single method. Two case settings—the tenth-century rock-carved Buddhas of Gyeongju Namsan and the urban granite of Jongmyo Shrine, Seoul—illustrate how integrated diagnostics resolve coupled decay on natural outcrops and how cumulative atmospheric exposure is recorded in monument-scale fabrics. Chemical weathering indices, environmental controls and conservation implications are unified into a single framework, and key gaps—standardization, time-resolved diagnostics, climate projection, multi-omics coupling, consolidant durability and machine learning—are articulated as a research agenda for granite heritage science. Full article

Rainfall-induced landslides are a major geohazard in Japan, yet the contrasting triggering mechanisms of short-duration convective storms and prolonged frontal rainfall remain poorly quantified. This study examines rainfall conditions associated with the August 2014 Hiroshima and July 2018 Western Japan landslide disasters using intensity–duration (I–D) threshold analysis, percentile-based thresholds, Monte Carlo Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, and evaluation of topographic and geological controls. The 2014 event produced approximately 600 landslides with 376 mm of rainfall over 40 h, whereas the 2018 event produced 1960 landslides after > 1000 mm of rainfall over 11.6 days. Distinct I–D thresholds were established for the events: the 2014 threshold (I = 95.795D^−0.574, R² = 0.94) indicates intensity-controlled landslide initiation, whereas the 2018 threshold (I = 61.76D^−0.42, R² = 0.97) reflects duration-controlled slope saturation. ROC analysis identified 2 h cumulative rainfall as the most effective rainfall indicator (AUC = 0.61 and 0.69 for the 2014 and 2018 events). Statistical analyses showed that lithology was a stronger influence on rainfall-triggering conditions than slope angle, with weathered granitic terrains requiring rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation. These results underscore the need to integrate rainfall characteristics with geological conditions in the development of landslide early-warning systems for humid mountainous regions. Full article

The Gebel Shalman-Wadi Biarn (GSh-WB) area in Egypt’s South Eastern Desert hosts NYF-type rare-metal pegmatites with significant U, Th, Nb-Ta, and REEs mineralization. This study integrates field observations, petrography, mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, and gamma-ray spectrometry to characterize these pegmatites and evaluate their economic potential. The pegmatites occur as veins, dykes, and zoned pockets hosted entirely within syenogranites. Petrography, pegmatites, and syenogranites are primarily composed of K-feldspar, albite, and quartz with trace amounts of biotite and muscovite. The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) revealed the presence of the following minerals: autunite, kasolite, thorite, monazite-(Ce), parisite, xenotime-(Y), ferrocolumbite, hydroxyplumbobrtafite, aeschynite-(Y), and zircon, which are the major U-Th, Nb-Ta, and REE-bearing minerals. Additionally, gold, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and brass alloy were identified as sources of precious and base metals. Both groups’ chondrite-normalized REE patterns, which display slightly elevated LREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies, point to fractional crystallization involving plagioclase fractionation. Consequently, pegmatite and syenogranites are believed to have mostly formed from the partial melting of a reconstituted juvenile crust and its weathered sediments associated with Neoproterozoic magmatism. The marginally positive Ce anomaly in the (GSh-WB) pegmatites (1.02–0.98) may be associated with monazite crystallization resulting from enhanced fractionation. The Th and U levels range from 101 to 28.6 ppm and from 51 to 5.8 ppm, respectively. The magnitude of the tetrad effect in the rare earth elements of the analyzed rocks exceeds one (T1 = 1.12–1.02, T3 = 0.92–1.08, and T1,3 = 1.01–1.05), suggesting an M-type tetrad effect. The presence of this tetrad effect is indicative of granite that has been significantly altered by hydrothermal processes and is extensively fractionated. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the pegmatites (average ΣREE = 439 ppm) and their host syenogranites (average ΣREE = 192 ppm) show similar trends characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.09–0.22). These features, together with negative Sr and Ba anomalies, likely reflect extensive fractional crystallization of feldspars and feature anorogenic rocks. Spectrometric analysis reveals eU values of 2.0–288 ppm and eTh values of 7.0–455 ppm in pegmatite samples, with eU/eTh ratios (0.49–0.39) exceeding the typical continental crust value of 0.25, indicating uranium enrichment. Both magmatic and hydrothermal processes contributed to the observed radioactivity. The spatial distribution of uranium shows lithological and structural controls. The GSh-WB pegmatites represent a potential target for uranium exploration. Full article

The formation of tectonic–magmatic–sedimentary processes during the Permian in the Beishan region represents a highly debated research topic along the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and even globally: does it mark the final subduction and amalgamation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, or does it instead represent rifting superimposed upon an earlier orogen? New field observations combined with geochemical analyses reveal that the Liuyuan area is dominated by Early Permian basalts, associated with a rifting sedimentary sequence. During the Mid–Late Permian, gabbro–rhyolite associations were emplaced, accompanied by minor lacustrine sedimentation. The late stage was characterized by minor granitic intrusions or dikes with adakitic affinities, culminating in the emplacement of lamprophyre dikes. The basalts and gabbros in the Liuyuan area display mantle-derived geochemical signatures, with compositions intermediate between MORB and OIB. The exposed Permian basalt–rhyolite bimodal magmatic suite represents a genetically integrated rift-related rock series. Geochemical data from the Ordovician granites and schists within the belt reveal adakitic characteristics, implying that the Permian granitic rocks largely represent remelting products of these early granitic and schistose protoliths. Collectively, the lithological characteristics and magmatic associations clearly demonstrate that the tectonic setting during the Early Permian corresponded to a post-collisional extensional environment superimposed upon the early Paleozoic orogenic belt (Caledonian Huitongshan ophiolite–arc accretionary orogen), which subsequently underwent tectonic inversion to form the present-day orogenic structure. This paper proposes a theoretical model wherein the bimodal magmatic suite was generated by the upwelling of enriched asthenospheric mantle material, providing the driving mechanism for rifting. It formed within a post-collisional extensional environment developed over a complex pre-existing orogenic belt and was subsequently inverted, forming the current tectonic belt—a typical intracontinental Pyrenees-type orogeny. Full article

We present a whole-rock geochemical dataset of late Variscan intrusive rocks and residual anatectic melts from the mid- and lower continental crust exposed in the Serre Massif of Calabria (southern Italy). A total of 74 samples were collected from the main plutonic units and from leucosomes of associated migmatitic metasediments. The composition of intrusive rocks varies from tonalites and quartz-diorites at deeper structural levels, to peraluminous granites at shallower levels. The dataset includes major, trace and rare earth element (REE) analyses obtained using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The dataset integrates new and previously published geochemical data into a consistent and reusable format, including sample locations (WGS84), lithological classification and lithostratigraphic attribution. Sampling sites are also provided as a downloadable geospatial (.kmz) file for visualization in GIS platforms. The data are intended to support a wide range of applications, including studies on granitoid magmatism, water–rock interaction processes in crystalline aquifers and raw materials exploration. Therefore, the dataset represents a valuable resource for both fundamental and applied geoscientific research. Full article

The Abitagua batholith is a 120 km long plutonic body located in the northern sub-Andean zone of Ecuador. Despite its size, previous studies have focused on its northern and southern sectors, leaving the central sector uncharacterized. This study presents the first petrographic and geochemical evidence from a single outcrop exposed along the Jatunyacu River, in the central part of the Abitagua Batholith, in order to understand its magmatic evolution and tectonic affinity. Petrographically, the dominant lithology is an equigranular monzogranite. The fractured zones show localized hydrothermal alteration, including epidote, sericitization of plagioclase, and chloritization of biotite. Subordinate bodies include tonalitic enclaves, felsic dikes, and an andesitic dike. Geochemically, the studied sector shows a calc-alkaline affinity, peraluminous character, and a volcanic arc granite (VAG) signature broadly consistent with I-type granitoids formed in a continental arc related to subduction. Samples from fractured zones show small shifts toward the S-type field in the K₂O vs. Na₂O diagram, attributed to hydrothermal alkali mobility rather than primary magmatic variation, as supported by petrographic evidence. Multi-element normalized diagrams reveal distinct signatures among subordinate bodies: tonalitic enclaves show strong enrichment in mafic components and Nb, suggesting a primitive mafic source; felsic dikes display enrichment in incompatible elements (Nb, Rb) consistent with evolved residual melts; and the andesitic dike exhibits the most primitive composition with apparent minimal interaction with the felsic host. These are interpreted as evidence of a complex magmatic evolution involving mafic recharge, magma mixing, late injection of residual melts, and localized hydrothermal alteration. Comparison with previous studies suggest that the studied outcrop records an arc signature similar to that reported for the northern and southern sectors, although further work is needed to confirm the extent of this affinity across the central sector. Full article

The functional performance and structural integrity of natural rock materials under fluctuating environmental stressors are pivotal for their advanced applications. As a non-ionizing and radiation-free technology, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy offers a safe and promising alternative for non-destructive testing (NDT), uniquely capable of being deployed in open and unshielded environments. However, limited penetration depth, exacerbated by both the dense geological matrix and the extreme sensitivity of THz waves to moisture states, has long hindered its widespread application in rock characterization. This study establishes a quantitative Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) framework to characterize four lithologies under drying–wetting cycles. Exponential signal attenuation across thicknesses was quantified based on the Beer–Lambert law, with attenuation coefficients ranging from 0.15 to 0.74 per millimeter. Planar transmission imaging successfully visualizes lithologic and moisture-dependent heterogeneity: limestone exhibits a dense, homogeneous structure with stable amplitude distribution; sandstone and purple sandstone show parallel statistical trends, reflecting uniform pore networks; and granite demonstrates the most pronounced imaging contrast under varying moisture states, driven by complex grain-boundary scattering. The findings reveal that THz transmission is dictated by the synergistic effects of mineral compositions and pore structures: scattering at grain boundaries and fractures leads to significant energy dissipation, whereas clay-rich lithologies exhibit the highest sensitivity to moisture variations due to water adsorption and interfacial polarization effects. As an exploration of THz technology in the non-destructive evaluation of rock materials, these findings establish an analytical framework for the quantitative assessment of microstructure evolution. Full article

Gold-enriched silica-listvenite rock from the Kaymaz Gold Deposit (KGD) was investigated to determine the effect of regional tectonism and Eocene granite intrusion on gold mineralization. The questions “is granite a heat–fluid source or a lithologic barrier?” and “how does regional tectonism affect gold mineralization?” remain unclear. This study aims to clarify these questions via field studies, core sample observations, petrography, ore microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, and fluid inclusion analyses; these methods were applied to samples collected from four different sites within the KGD (1—Damdamca, 2—Karakaya, 3—Mermerlik, and 4—Kızılağıl). The highest-grade gold mineralization is present in the listvenite rock in the fault-controlled contact zone between serpentinite and granite, whereas granite hosts minor gold and silver enrichments near the contact. The orientations of contacts are compatible with the NW-SE-trending Eskişehir fault zone in Karakaya and the NE-SW-trending tear faults in Damdamca. Listvenite is silica-rich and has high iron oxy-hydroxide content, while granite is argilized and silicified along the contact with listvenite. Native gold grains were found between the quartz minerals of listvenite and granite. The adsorption of gold by goethite ± lepidocrocite has been observed in the listvenite samples of Mermerlik. Chromite, Ni-sulfide minerals, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, native silver, acanthite, iodargyrite, and goethite ± lepidocrocite are the other detected ore minerals. Secondary Cr-Fe-Mn oxide minerals were detected in a granite sample via SEM analyses. The data indicates that listvenitization-causing fluid partially remobilized these metals along with Au and reprecipitated them in the granite during mineralization. The homogenization temperatures (Th) (°C) of fluid inclusions vary between 116 and 393 °C, and the Th (°C) distribution indicates multi-phase mineralization. The Th (°C) values of listvenite and silicified granite are quite similar, which indicates that the same hydrothermal fluid circulated in both lithologies. The low salinity values (1.2–5.4%) indicate that the hydrothermal fluid was derived predominantly from meteoric water. The liquid–vapor ratios of inclusions and quartz textures indicate non-boiling conditions. Gold enrichment in the KGD developed in relation to the circulation of hydrothermal fluids along the faults. The KGD shows typical fluid inclusions, alteration properties, and mineral paragenesis of low-sulfidation-type epithermal deposits. Our study data indicates that meteoric water-rich hydrothermal fluid circulated along the fault zones, dissolved Au and other related elements from the serpentinite, and reprecipitated in the listvenite-altered granite. Granite acts as an impermeable barrier, leading to the circulation of hydrothermal fluids through the contact. Supergene activities affect the mineralization in both Mermerlik and Kızılağıl. No evidence indicating the magmatic origin of gold mineralization was observed. Full article

Rainfall-induced landslides represent one of the most recurrent geohazards affecting the transportation network of southwestern Calabria (Italy). This study provides an integrated assessment of landslide occurrence and road damage along the Costa Viola by combining detailed geomorphological mapping, multi-temporal analyses, historical documentation (1950–2025), and GIS-based spatial data processing. A total of 261 landslides were mapped, affecting approximately 19% of the study area. Slides constitute the dominant movement type (66.7%), followed by complex landslides, flows, and falls. Landslide distribution is strongly controlled by geological and morphometric factors: more than 80% of mapped phenomena occur in highly fractured granitic and gneissic rocks, over 70% lie within 500 m of faults, and more than 90% are located within 300 m of streams. Slope gradient (25–55°) and local relief (350–550 m) further contribute to slope instability patterns. The historical dataset documents 237 landslide-induced road damage events over 75 years, with a marked increase in occurrence since the early 2000s. Most damage events affected the SS18 road and frequently corresponded to reactivations of pre-existing landslides, highlighting the long-term persistence of slope instability and the seasonal influence of intense autumn–winter precipitation. Overall, the results demonstrate that landslide hazard in the Costa Viola is governed by the interplay between structural, lithological, geomorphic, and climatic factors, compounded by anthropogenic modifications along road corridors. The combined landslide inventory and historical database provide a robust basis for risk mitigation, identification of critical road sectors, and future susceptibility and predictive modelling to support effective territorial planning. Full article

The development of green building materials and high-performance concrete has promoted the use of manufactured sand (MS) in self-compacting concrete (SCC). To investigate the effect of MS lithology on concrete performance, this study prepared C40-SCC using basalt, limestone, and granite manufactured sand, as well as river sand. Workability and mechanical properties were measured via macro-scale tests. A meso-scale random aggregate model, including mortar, aggregate, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ), was established to simulate uniaxial compression. The macro-test results indicate that workability decreases in the order of river sand, granite, limestone, and basalt, while mechanical strength decreases in the order of granite, limestone, basalt, and river sand. The meso-scale simulation reveals that damage initiates at the ITZ and extends into mortar. The simulated stress–strain curves match the experimental data in the ascending branch, with peak stress errors between 1.1% and 6.9%. The failure modes also align with experimental observations. The consistency between the simulation and experimental results verifies the reliability of the meso-scale model. By combining macro-experiments and meso-simulation, this study compares concrete performance and explains the differences from the perspective of damage evolution. The results indicate that MS lithology affects interfacial properties and damage development, thereby determining macro-mechanical behavior. This research provides a theoretical basis for the appropriate selection of MS in SCC. Full article

Granitic rocks dominate Earth’s continental crust, yet the Hadean record is severely limited. Extraterrestrial evolved lithologies, crystallized under predominantly anhydrous, plate tectonics-free conditions analogous to those of early Earth, provide valuable analogues. This review synthesizes lunar, asteroidal, Martian, and candidate Venus/Mercury data, revealing that partial melting of mafic protoliths, not fractional crystallization or silicate liquid immiscibility, represents the dominant formation mechanism. Granitic magmatism persisted episodically from merely 1.11 Myr after Solar System formation through at least 3.87 Ga, with estimated abundances of 0.2%–2% representing a conservative lower limit. These findings imply that Hadean Earth possessed the thermal and compositional prerequisites for analogous magmatism, suggesting that substantial felsic material may have been present, though quantitative estimates remain unwarranted given current data limitations. By establishing a comparative planetary framework, this study illuminates pathways for reconstructing Hadean crustal differential processes, highlighting priorities for future exploration missions targeting cryptic silicic reservoirs, particularly deep-crustal exposures in large lunar impact basins and in situ characterization of Venusian highland terrains. Full article

Elemental migration and enrichment are important processes influencing tea plant growth and the assembly of rhizosphere bacterial communities within the rock–soil–plant continuum. This study explores how soil parent materials (granite, quartz schist, and sericite schist) are potentially associated with these processes and their observed associations with the elemental composition of tea leaves. Exploratory statistical analyses revealed distinct, lithology-specific biogeochemical patterns that serve as a foundation for hypothesis generation. In granite soils, chlorite correlated with the mobility of Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mg, and Na, coinciding with shifts in the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Armatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi. In quartz schist, kaolinite exhibited notable correlations with the dynamics of Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, and As, which were statistically linked to Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Complex mineral–microbe interactions were observed in sericite schist soils, where clay minerals (e.g., chlorite, illite) were closely associated with the migration of multiple elements (Pb, K, Ca, Cd, As, Al, Fe, Zn), paralleling structural variations in communities of Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria. Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) showed bioaccumulation tendencies in tea leaves across all lithologies, with an enrichment capacity order of Ca > K > Mn > Mg > Na > Al. Exploratory Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis suggested that the migration of K, Ca, Cu, Zn, and Hg corresponded most closely with their soil concentrations. Manganese (Mn) exhibited a mineral-associated trend, with kaolinite content as a potential correlate, while cadmium (Cd) migration was statistically linked to the relative abundance of Armatimonadetes. These findings highlight potential candidate relationships between mineralogy, microbes, and elemental mobility rather than confirming causal mechanisms, emphasizing the need for further validation in larger or experimental datasets. Full article

Ion-adsorption rare earth element (REE) deposits represent strategic critical resources in China, which were traditionally considered to be predominantly hosted in granite weathering crusts. However, the recent discovery of new deposit types within the weathering crusts of shallow metamorphic rocks in South China has opened up novel exploration frontiers, while research on their metallogenic mechanisms remains insufficient. To elucidate the REE enrichment mechanisms in shallow metamorphic rock weathering crusts, this study focuses on the Getengzui ion-adsorption REE deposit in southern Jiangxi Province. Twenty-four samples were collected from the weathering crust profiles of the Qingbaikouan Shenshan and Kuli Formations. Multiple analytical approaches were employed, including major and trace element analysis, Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Base Leaching Index (BA), and quantitative evaluation of element mass transfer coefficients (τ). Trace element spider diagrams, REE distribution patterns, and A-CN-K diagram analysis were also utilized. The results reveal that the weathering crusts have progressed to the middle–late stage of chemical weathering. The average CIA value is 83 for the middle-upper part of the completely weathered horizon in the Kuli Formation. In contrast, for the completely weathered horizon in the Shenshan Formation, the value is 86. Intense chemical weathering has resulted in the near-complete decomposition of primary silicate minerals and extensive leaching of base cations. This progress has created an acidic pore water environment, which is critical for REE mobilization. REEs exhibit characteristics of in situ secondary enrichment, with significant enrichment of ΣREE in the middle-upper part of the completely weathered horizon. The peak τ(ΣREE) values reach 0.78 and 2.43 for the Kuli and Shenshan Formations, respectively. Apatite dissolution is identified as the primary source of REE ions. Differences exist in the geochemical mobility sequences of elements between the two formations. REE enrichment is controlled by multi-stage geochemical barriers, including an oxidation barrier and a clay adsorption barrier. The oxidation barrier preferentially fixes Ce⁴⁺, whereas the clay adsorption barrier serves as the dominant mechanism for large-scale REE enrichment. Parent rock lithology is the primary factor governing the efficiency, scale, and fractionation characteristics of REE enrichment. The Kuli Formation is favorable for forming the thick, large-scale orebodies enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs). In the contrast, the Shenshan Formation tends to host higher-grade orebodies, characterized by a relatively balanced ratio of LREEs and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). This study clarifies the main controlling factors for ion-adsorption REE mineralization in two shallow metamorphic rocks. It thereby provides a theoretical basis for future exploration. This framework is applicable to analogous REE resources within shallow metamorphic rock distributions across South China and nationwide. Full article

To address the shortage of natural sand and the unclear mechanism of lithology’s influence on the application of manufactured sand, this study explores the applicability of neutral rock manufactured sand in asphalt mixtures. Taking neutral diabase manufactured sand as the research object, a series of tests including the Marshall test, water stability test, high- and low-temperature stability test, and surface free energy (SFE) test were conducted to systematically analyze the effects of aggregate lithology on the volumetric indicators, road performance, and interface adhesion of asphalt mixtures. Additionally, the improvement effect of cement as an anti-stripping agent was verified. The results show that lithology of manufactured sand significantly regulates the performance of asphalt mixtures. In terms of volumetric indicators, the limestone manufactured sand mixture has the smallest void ratio (3.81%), while the diabase manufactured sand mixture has the largest (5.81%), requiring an appropriate increase in the mixing ratio of diabase manufactured sand to optimize the compaction effect. For water stability, the short-term performance ranks as diabase ≈ limestone > granite, and the long-term durability ranks as limestone > diabase > granite. A least-squares linear regression model demonstrated that the polar component of aggregate surface free energy exhibits a strong positive correlation with asphalt–aggregate adhesion work (R² = 0.92), which quantitatively explains variations in the 48 h immersed Marshall residual stability ratio among different lithologies. Regarding high-temperature stability, the order is diabase > limestone > granite. Thanks to its low crushing value and strong angularity, the diabase manufactured sand mixture achieves a dynamic stability of 12,629 times/mm at 60 °C, showing the best rutting resistance. In terms of low-temperature performance, the diabase manufactured sand mixture exhibits the optimal initial crack resistance (maximum flexural strain of 2757 με) and long-term durability (strain attenuation rate of 11.7% after 30 cycles), while the granite manufactured sand mixture fails to meet the design requirements. Adding 1.5%~2.0% cement can significantly improve the adhesion between manufactured sand and asphalt, with more obvious enhancement effects on granite and diabase, thereby optimizing water stability and high-temperature stability. The research results provide theoretical support and technical reference for the scientific selection and engineering application of fine aggregates in asphalt pavements. Full article