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The Potential Mechanisms behind Loperamide-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias Associated with Human Abuse and Extreme Overdose
- Hua Rong Lu,
- Bruce P. Damiano,
- Mohamed Kreir,
- Jutta Rohrbacher,
- Henk van der Linde,
- Tamerlan Saidov,
- Ard Teisman and
- David J. Gallacher
Loperamide has been a safe and effective treatment for diarrhea for many years. However, many cases of cardiotoxicity with intentional abuse of loperamide ingestion have recently been reported. We evaluated loperamide in in vitro and in vivo cardiac...