The external wind can change smoke movement patterns inside the staircase and affect smoke exhaust efficiency. This paper analyzes the smoke back-layering phenomenon in the staircase with open stair doors below the fire floor. The effect of the open...
We demonstrated that a green campus initiative can reduce the carbon footprint of a university and improve the disaster resilience of the local community. A project sustainability assessment framework was structured to support the initiative. First,...
The concept of a smart city is widely implemented all over the world, and this fact creates both possibilities and new challenges for all participants and stakeholders of the process. This study examines the implementation of smart governance in the...
Given the need to reduce fuel emissions from transport many research studies have been devoted to the development of technologies and identification of new policies to tackle this problem. The majority of these strategies either increase the costs (e...
Urban parks play a vital role in enhancing residents’ well-being, making it essential for decision-makers and designers to understand the factors influencing park satisfaction to improve park attributes. While existing studies primarily focus o...
(1) Background. Although treatment with enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF) is pathophysiologically justified, its long-term vascular effects remain insufficiently defined. We aimed to study...
Cavitation is a critical phenomenon in hydraulic systems, particularly in gear pumps, where it can significantly affect performance and reliability. This study uses numerical simulations with the Full Cavitation Model and k-ε turbulence model...
In practice, the internal rubber dampers are widely installed inside the cable guide pipe between the external viscous damper and the cable anchorage. In order to study the effect of the internal damper on the performance of the external viscous damp...
The external prestressing method was developed to improve the load carrying capacity of concrete bridges damaged by ageing or other external environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the performance of the structure before and afte...
Various methods for strengthening existing structures have been developed owing to the increase in human and property damages caused by the deterioration of structures. Among the various reinforcing methods, the external prestressing method increases...
This paper investigated the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines. The exhaust valve closing (EVC) timings were scanned to obtain a set of baseline opera...
Among the most significant causes of concrete degradation is ESA (external sulfate attack). The majority of studies are currently conducted on samples that have been saturated and matured. Concrete structures, however, are exposed to the environment...
There is a clear target and roadmap for the peaking of carbon emissions and achievement of carbon neutrality, and prior to this target being reached, penalties have been formulated to supervise enterprises and prompt green innovation. This study aime...
A numerical investigation has been conducted to analyse the effect of wind on the vertical spread of fire through a front opening in a building’s external walls. The study utilises a building geometry established from previous experimental work...
This paper examines the impact of the contrast/assimilation effect and network externality of remanufactured products on remanufacturing mode selection for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) under government subsidy. We develop a two-period Stac...
The use of micro-contacts has been demonstrated in various radio frequency (RF) applications. However, the premature failure of such devices under alternating current (AC) operations is still a hurdle to further development. In this work, modified gr...
As the carrier of electric energy transmission, transmission lines undertake the important task of electric energy distribution and transfer. However, with the increasing frequency of construction using large machinery such as tower cranes and excava...
The effect of the external electric field on the ground-state tautomerism in 8-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)quinolin-7-ol has been studied by using density functional theory. The compound exists as an enol tautomer (off state) and under the influence of the...
6 December 2019
To sustain in today’s ever-changing and competitive landscape, firms must work within and outside of their organizations’ boundaries. Open innovation (OI) strategies such as external technology acquisition (ETA), and external technology e...
External interfaces, such as the air–water and solid–liquid interfaces, are ubiquitous in nature. Hydrophobic interactions are considered the fundamental driving force in many physical and chemical processes occurring in aqueous solutions...
The objective of this study is to conduct a finite-element (FE) numerical study to assess the effect of size on the shear resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear with externally bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (EB-CF...
Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are used in a wide range of applications, including high-rise buildings, nuclear power plants, oil and gas platforms, bridges, and other infrastructure. However, over time, RC structures can be subject to deteriora...
Imbibition is an important mechanism of recovery during waterflooding and low flow-back during fracking in shale reservoirs. Experiments were carried out to study the development of imbibition in shale samples. The effects of clay minerals, especiall...
A fluidic oscillator with a bent outlet nozzle was investigated to find the effects of the bending angle on the characteristics of the oscillator with and without external flow. Unsteady aerodynamic analyses were performed on the internal flow of the...
Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Realizable k-ε turbulence model, we established a numerical simulation method for wind and vapor-concentration fields of various external floating-roof tanks (EFRTs) (single, two, and four) and...
A collection of papers appears under the title “Special External Effects on Fluvial System Evolution” in the journal, Quaternary. This is a new Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG), illustrating the recent pr...
Economic theory argues that foreign direct investment (FDI) and external debt are expected to enhance economic growth in any given economy. Consequently, this study (i) investigated the relationship between foreign direct investment, external debt se...
Abdominal pressure is vital in protecting the lumbar spine and controlling postural balance. Dynamic balance is associated with movement stability, adaptation to load, and reduced injury risk. Although trunk stability has been examined using belts an...
In this review, we have attempted to briefly summarize the influence of an external electric field on an assembly of tautomeric molecules and to what experimentally observable effects this interaction can lead to. We have focused more extensively on...
Because robotic soft arms have a high power-to-weight ratio, low cost, and ease of manufacturability, increasing numbers of researchers have begun to focus on their characteristics in recent years. However, many urgent problems remain to be resolved....
The present work examines the effects of external and internal morphological features on the dynamic elastic modulus and its measure. It consists of two parts. The first part considers the effect of geometrical features of probes and shows the key ro...
The fire performance of existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks strengthened by external prestressing systems is investigated, with particular attention to the vulnerability of externally applied tendons under realistic fire scenarios. Fire ex...
This study attempts to examine the influences of domestic and international external collaboration on new product development (NPD) performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and further explores the mediating mechanism of knowledge int...
Official development assistance provides an immense flow of financial funding to educational nonprofit organizations (NPOs). This source of funding faces criticism because of the unintended indirect effects it has in lowering the relative level of lo...
In three experiments, we examined, using a perceptual task, the difficulties of spatial perspective taking. Participants imagined adopting perspectives around a table and pointed from them towards the positions of a target. Depending on the condition...
External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise are among the most important environmental externalities that are generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. T...
8 January 2023
One of the most challenging issues professional football players face throughout their careers is injuries. Those injuries often result from suboptimal training programs that were not designed according to the players’ individual needs. This pr...
In the construction of a twin-steel box-girder bridge, external cross-frames are temporarily used to increase torsional resistance. These members are regarded as secondary and are removed after a composite action in the bridge is achieved. Recently,...
Existing research suggests that information asymmetry remains a core barrier to entrepreneurial firms’ external financing. Drawing on signaling theory and a signal cost perspective, this study examines how two key entrepreneurial signals—...
The effects of changes in irradiance level (external heat flux), exhaust flow rate, and hood height on CO and soot yield were examined using a cone calorimeter. Black acrylic, having similar constituents as polymethyl methacrylate, was used as a comb...
Aero-fuel centrifugal pumps are important power plants in aero-engines. Unlike most of the existing centrifugal pumps, a combination impeller is integrated with the pump to improve performance. First, the critical geometrical parameters of the combin...
Cables and tendons are crucial elements in bridge engineering but also are vulnerable structural elements because they are usually subjected to fatigue and corrosion problems. Thus, vibration-based non-destructive techniques have been used for extern...
The deformation mechanism and static recrystallization (SRX) behavior of an Ni-based single-crystal superalloy are investigated. Indentation tests were performed to investigate the effects of crystal orientation and external stress on SRX behavior. F...
Nanofluid composite electrostatic spraying (NCES) is a new clean machining technology for minimum quantity lubrication. The base fluid of external fluid and voltage are the two important parameters that affect its performance. This study presented th...
This study proposes an original structural model that analyzes the relationship between sustainable firm performance, and a board of directors’ external and internal social capital. Data collected in 232 non-listed and family-run small and medi...
Little is known about the anti-graying effects of antioxidants on hair. The anti-graying effects of three antioxidants (luteolin, hesperetin, and diosmetin) on hair were investigated according to the sequential processes of hair graying that were pre...
Whether or not business planning is useful for entrepreneurs is a critical question both academically and practically. While some studies suggest that structured business planning enhances business performance, others argue that it may be unnecessary...
Urban greenspace is an effective strategy to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. While its cooling effects are well-established, uncertainties remain regarding the combined impact of internal and external landscape patterns, particularly the...
We investigated the excessive external financing problem in Chinese industrial firms by examining the potential threshold effect of the leverage ratio on the total factor productivity of firms. We hypothesized the existence of a turning point in leve...
A headphone-based virtual sound image can not be perceived as perfectly externalized if the acoustic of the synthesized room does not match that of the real listening environment. This effect has been well explored and is known as the room divergence...
of 313