Search Results (58)

Meniscal injuries are common and often lead to chronic pain, joint instability, and an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Traditional treatments, such as partial meniscectomy, may accelerate joint degeneration. In recent years, biologically active therapies, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hyaluronic acid (HA), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), collagen, growth factors (GFs), and silk fibroin (SF), have emerged as promising strategies to enhance meniscal healing. This review evaluates the efficiency of these biological agents in promoting meniscal repair, with a particular focus on their potential integration into injectable hydrogel systems for targeted, minimally invasive delivery. Recent literature from 2015 to 2025 has provided growing insights into the role of biologically active agents and biomaterials in meniscal repair. Among the agents studied, PRP, MSCs, and HA have shown particular promise in modulating inflammation and supporting tissue regeneration. While biological therapies alone may not replace surgery for complex tears, they offer promising, less invasive alternatives that support tissue preservation. However, variability in study design, agent quality, and treatment protocols remains challenging. Further long-term research will be essential to confirm clinical benefits and optimize hydrogel-based delivery methods. Full article

Urban river-crossing corridors serve as critical bottlenecks within urban transportation networks, where traffic management during construction periods directly influences urban operational efficiency and socioeconomic activities. Traditional management approaches based on empirical judgment exhibit fundamental limitations when confronting large-scale infrastructure construction projects, including low prediction accuracy, delayed response times, and insufficient systematic coordination. This survey aims to synthesize existing data-driven approaches, identify research gaps, and establish a roadmap for intelligent traffic management advancement. Unlike previous surveys focusing on individual technologies, this review constructs a complete technical chain from data sensing to intelligent decision-making and systematically reveals implementation pathways for paradigm transformation. The research establishes technical architecture encompassing data sensing, intelligent analysis, predictive warning, and decision support systems, while elucidating the application mechanisms of cutting-edge technologies such as multi-source data fusion, artificial intelligence, and digital twins in urban traffic management. Through analysis of six representative engineering case studies from China, the United States, Republic of Korea, Russia, and Europe, including bridge construction, emergency repair, and highway reconstruction projects, the investigation reveals that data-driven approaches not only achieve improvements in technical performance but also facilitate fundamental paradigm shifts in traffic management philosophy from passive response to proactive prevention, and from localized optimization to systematic coordination. The findings enable policymakers to develop standardized frameworks for data-driven traffic systems, assist urban planners in selecting appropriate technologies based on project characteristics, and guide engineers in implementing integrated traffic management solutions during critical infrastructure construction. Full article

Background: Skin injuries, such as chronic wounds and inflammatory skin diseases, often face limitations in treatment efficacy due to the low efficiency of transdermal drug delivery and insufficient local concentrations. Curcumin (CUR), a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has demonstrated potential in the repair of skin damage; however, its clinical application is hindered by its physicochemical characteristics. This study constructs a novel nanocomposite drug delivery system: CUR-loaded micellar nanocomposite gel (CUR-M-DMNs-Gel). A composite system is used to achieve the efficient solubilization and enhanced transdermal permeation of CUR, thereby providing a novel formulation approach for the treatment of skin diseases. Methods: CUR-loaded micellar (CUR-M) utilizes CUR as the core active ingredient, which possesses multiple pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. TPGS serves as a micellar carrier that not only enhances the solubility and stability of CUR through its amphiphilic structure but also facilitates drug absorption and transport within the body. In dissolvable microneedles (DMNs), PVP K30 forms a stable three-dimensional network structure through entanglement of polymer chains, ensuring sufficient mechanical strength for effective penetration of the skin barrier. Meanwhile, PVP K90, with its higher molecular weight, enhances the backing’s support and toughness to prevent needle breakage during application. The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) improves both the moisture retention and adhesion properties at the needle tips, ensuring gradual dissolution and release of loaded CUR-M within the skin. In CUR-loaded micellar gel (CUR-M-Gel), PVP K30 increases both adhesive and cohesive forces in the gel through chain entanglement and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Tartaric acid precisely regulates pH levels to adjust crosslinking density; glycerol provides a long-lasting moisturizing environment for the gel; aluminum chloride enhances mechanical stability and controlled drug-release capabilities; NP-700 optimizes dispersion characteristics and compatibility within the system. Results: In vitro experiments demonstrated that the CUR-M-DMNs-Gel composite system exhibited enhanced transdermal penetration, with a cumulative transdermal efficiency significantly surpassing that of single-component formulations. In the mouse skin defect model, CUR-M-DMNs-Gel facilitated collagen deposition and effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). In the mouse skin photoaging model, CUR-M-DMNs-Gel markedly reduced dermal thickness, alleviated damage to elastic fibers, and suppressed inflammatory responses. Conclusions: The CUR-M-DMNs-Gel system can enhance wound healing through subcutaneous localization, achieving long-term sustained efficacy. This innovative approach offers new insights into the treatment of skin injuries. Full article

Background/Objectives: Therapeutic strategies for Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) that correct the underlying pathogenic NF1 variant hold promise for restoring neurofibromin function, reducing tumor burden, and improving patient outcomes by addressing the root cause of the disease rather than its symptoms. Beyond gene editing, transcript reprogramming via RNA trans-splicing has gained attention, particularly with the recent FDA approval of two trans-splicing-based drugs for IND phase 1/2a trials. This study tests whether trans-splicing group I intron ribozymes from Tetrahymena thermophila can be used to repair pathogenic variants of NF1 (pre-)mRNA by 3′-tail replacement. Methods: Splice sites on the NF1 mRNA were identified computationally and validated biochemically, and an efficiency-enhancing Extended Guide Sequence (EGS) of the corresponding ribozyme was identified in a combinatorial experiment. Results: The correct trans-splicing product of this ribozyme was validated in HEK293 NF1−/− cells expressing mNf1. Conclusions: This study established a splice site and activity-enhancing extended guide sequences for the repair of NF1 mRNA. Further optimization of the ribozyme, as well as improved delivery methods, may establish ribozyme-based RNA repair as a viable strategy for NF1 treatment. Full article

This research aimed to develop a comprehensive decision-making model for road rehabilitation, with the goals of extending pavement service life, minimizing major repairs, and improving the efficiency of investment and resource planning. The proposed methodology integrates structural condition, functional performance, and total economic value across the pavement lifecycle. It enables engineers and road managers to make informed decisions based on structural capacity, functional performance, asset value, and optimized rehabilitation strategies. The model was validated through case studies using data from Central European roads and accelerated pavement testing. It compared conventional and high-modulus asphalt overlays of equal thickness, demonstrating that a 3000 MPa increase in modulus extended residual life by over 30% and raised structural value by EUR 5.8/m². This approach enhances planning and prioritization of rehabilitation activities, supports the use of higher-quality materials, reduces lifecycle costs and CO₂ emissions, and facilitates integration with asset management systems. By linking pavement design, performance prediction, and asset management, the model supports strategic decision-making under performance and budget constraints. Full article

Public transport companies are aware that the success of their operations largely depends on the proper sizing and optimization of their processes. Among the key activities are the maintenance and repair of the vehicle fleet. This paper presents the application of mathematical optimization methods from the field of operations research to improve the efficiency of service workshops for bus maintenance and repair. Based on an analysis of collected data using queueing theory, the authors assessed the current system performance and found that the queueing system still has spare capacity and could be downsized, which aligns with the company’s management goals. Specifically, the company plans to reduce the number of bus repair service stations (servers in a queueing system). The main question is whether the system will continue to function effectively after this reduction. Three specific downsizing solutions were proposed and evaluated using queueing theory methods: extending the daily operating hours of the workshops, reducing the number of arriving buses, and increasing the productivity of a service station (server). The results show that, under high system load, only those solutions that increase the productivity of individual service stations (servers) in the queueing system provide optimal outcomes. Other solutions merely result in longer queues and associated losses due to buses waiting for service, preventing them from performing their intended function and causing financial loss to the company. Full article

Repairing and regenerating tissue barriers is a key challenge in regenerative medicine. Stem cells play a crucial role in restoring the structural and functional integrity of key epithelial barrier surfaces, including the skin and mucosa. This review analyzes the role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their derivatives, including extracellular vesicles, conditioned medium, and intracellular factors, in accelerating skin wound healing. The key mechanisms include: (1) DPSCs regulating inflammatory microenvironments by promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization; (2) DPSCs activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to drive angiogenesis; (3) DPSCs optimizing extracellular matrix (ECM) spatial structure through matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP/TIMP) balance; and (4) DPSCs enhancing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secretion to accelerate granulation tissue formation. Collectively, these processes promote wound healing. In addition, we explored potential factors that accelerate wound healing in DPSCs, such as oxidative stress, mechanical stimulation, hypertension, electrical stimulation, and organoid modeling. In addition to demonstrating the great potential of DPSCs for skin repair, this review explores their translational prospects in mucosal regenerative medicine. It covers the oral cavity, esophagus, colon, and fallopian tube. Some studies have found that combining DPSCs and their derivatives with drugs can significantly enhance their biological effects. By integrating insights from skin and mucosal models, this review offers novel ideas and strategies for treating chronic wounds, inflammatory bowel disease, and mucosal injuries. It also lays the foundation for connecting basic research results with clinical practice. This represents a significant step forward in tackling these complex medical challenges and lays a solid scientific foundation for developing more targeted and efficient regenerative therapies. Full article

In the tumor microenvironment, M2 tumor-associated macrophages play a crucial role in promoting tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis through their anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing functions. To reprogram M2 cells into a more benign M1 phenotype and enhance the patient’s intrinsic immune response against cancer, siRNA and small molecules are used, which can be encapsulated into nanoparticles to enhance their stability, circulation time, and bioavailability. Albumin nanoparticles are ideal candidates for the delivery of such cargo because of their low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, and feasible particle modification. In this study, we optimized a one-step desolvation method using the standard cross-linker glutaraldehyde and D-mannose as a second cross-linker for the synthesis of mannosylated albumin nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles demonstrated favorable physical characteristics, high encapsulation efficiency, and the most effective targeting into activated M2 macrophages overexpressing the mannose receptor in comparison to M1 macrophages and cancer cells in vitro. Full article

Asphalt pavements face escalating challenges from traffic loading, climate change, and material degradation, necessitating innovative maintenance solutions. Thermally induced self-healing technologies, leveraging the viscoelastic properties of asphalt binders, can autonomously repair microcracks through targeted thermal activation. This review explored thermally induced self-healing in asphalt mixtures, with a focus on leveraging steel slag as a functional aggregate to enhance sustainability and durability. Two thermal-activation methods, electromagnetic induction and microwave heating, were critically analyzed, highlighting their distinct advantages in heating efficiency, depth, and uniformity. Steel slag offers dual benefits: improving mechanical interlock and skid resistance in mixtures while facilitating efficient heat generation via electromagnetic induction or microwave heating. However, challenges such as hydration-induced expansion, heterogeneous slag composition, and energy-intensive heating processes impede widespread adoption. Pretreatment methods, including natural aging, carbonation, and surface modifications, are essential to mitigate volumetric instability and optimize slag performance. Key factors influencing healing efficacy, including binder properties, operational parameters (e.g., microwave power, frequency), and environmental trade-offs, were systematically evaluated. Future research directions emphasized standardized pretreatment protocols, hybrid heating technologies for uniform temperature distribution, and smart-infrastructure integration for predictive maintenance. Full article

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are the key to muscle regeneration. The activation and maintenance of MuSCs require the precise regulation of their microenvironments. Myofibers and other cells including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cell populations constitute the cell components of the MuSC niche. The communication between these cell populations and MuSCs play an essential role in muscle repair. Furthermore, the physical and chemical stimulations around MuSCs also affect the cell behaviors of MuSCs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and the factors stored in it generate a repair-promoting niche for efficient muscle regeneration. Understanding the mechanism of muscle stem cell regulation is the basis of clinically optimizing muscle repair. In this review, we discuss recent findings about the microenvironments of MuSCs and their functions in muscle regeneration, which would shed light on new targets and strategies for muscle injury treatment. Full article

With the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries in the field of new energy, many retired lithium batteries not only cause environmental pollution problems but also lead to serious waste of resources. Repairing failed lithium batteries and regenerating new materials has become a crucial path to break through this dilemma. Based on the research on the failure mechanism of ternary cathode materials, this paper systematically combs through the multiple factors leading to their failure, extensively summarizes the influence of heat treatment process parameters on the performance of recycled materials, and explores the synergistic effect between heat treatment technology and other processes. Studies have shown that the failure of ternary cathode materials is mainly attributed to factors such as cation mixing disorder, the generation of microcracks, phase structure transformation, and the accumulation of by-products. Among them, cation mixing disorder damages the crystal structure of the material, microcracks accelerate the pulverization of the active substance, phase structure transformation leads to lattice distortion, and the generation of by-products will hinder ion transport. The revelation of these failure mechanisms lays a theoretical foundation for the efficient recycling of waste materials. In terms of recycling technology, this paper focuses on the application of heat treatment technology. On the one hand, through synergy with element doping and surface coating technologies, heat treatment can effectively improve the crystal structure and surface properties of the material. On the other hand, when combined with processes such as the molten salt method, coprecipitation method, and hydrothermal method, heat treatment can further optimize the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the material. Specifically, heat treatment plays multiple key roles in the recycling process of ternary cathode materials: repairing crystal structure defects, enhancing the electrochemical performance of the material, removing impurities, and promoting the uniform distribution of elements. It is a core link to achieving the efficient reuse of waste ternary cathode materials. Full article

A study systematically investigating the structural modifications and catalytic performance of IM-5 zeolite treated with hexafluorosilicic acid in pseudocumene alkylation with methanol was carried out. Characterization techniques revealed significant alterations in crystal structure, morphology, textural properties, coordination environment, and acidity induced by the modifications. Catalytic evaluations demonstrated altered pseudocumene conversion, durene selectivity, and products distribution for optimized samples, with IM-5-0.01 (treated with 0.01 M modifier) showing superior activity stability. The improved performance was attributed to two key factors: a stable framework with high-density medium-strength Brønsted acid sites facilitating complete alkylation and expanded mesoporous volume promoting efficient product diffusion to mitigate deactivation. Conversely, reduced durene selectivity in modified samples stem from intensified isomerization reactions driven by increased external surface area, resulting in higher C₉ product fractions. In contrast, the parent IM-5 zeolite exhibited rapid deactivation, with durene selectivity peaking at 40 h before declining. Mechanistic insights revealed dynamic processes including dealumination, defect formation, silicon repair, and aluminum redistribution during treatment, providing a theoretical foundation for rational catalyst design in alkylation reactions. Full article

The automotive industry, especially the after-sales service segment, faces significant challenges due to economic changes and market dynamics. In this context, the optimization of service processes becomes essential to increase the performance and profitability of organizations in the industry. However, there is a lack of research that specifically and in detail explores how to model service processes to improve performance in this sector. Most studies focus on general aspects of quality management or process optimization without addressing the particularities of after-sales services in the automotive industry. This paper aims to identify and analyze how to model service processes in an automotive repair service provider organization to increase performance and ensure customer satisfaction. This research was conducted using data from service activity reports and participatory direct observation within an automotive repair service provider organization. Statistical analysis of key performance indicators, such as productivity, efficiency, and customer satisfaction, was performed. This study identified several critical success factors and proposed concrete measures for shaping service processes, including optimizing resource allocation and customer communication, improving customer intake and communication, ensuring technical competence and procedural compliance, and improving the process of handing over and collecting feedback. The implementation of these measures can lead to increased efficiency, customer satisfaction, and, by extension, the financial performance of automotive repair organizations. Full article

Operation and maintenance (O&M) activities represent a significant share of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for offshore wind farms (OWFs), making cost reduction a key priority. Robotic-based solutions, leveraging aerial and underwater vehicles in a cooperative framework, offer the potential to optimize O&M logistics and reduce costs. Additionally, the deployment of persistent autonomous robotic systems can minimize the need for human intervention, enhancing efficiency. This study presents the development of an O&M cost calculator that integrates multiple modules: a weather forecast module to account for meteorological uncertainties, a failure module to model OWF failures, a maintenance module to estimate costs for both planned and unplanned activities, and a power module to quantify downtime-related losses. A forward-looking comparative economic analysis is conducted, assessing the cost-effectiveness of human-based versus robot-based inspection, maintenance, and repair (IMR) activities. The findings highlight the economic viability of robotic solutions in offshore wind O&M, supporting their potential role in reducing operational expenditures and improving energy production efficiency. Full article

Urban infrastructure systems, such as water supply and transportation networks, are highly interdependent, making them susceptible to cascading disruptions. This paper introduces a bi-level optimization framework designed to coordinate water supply network repairs while minimizing traffic impacts. The framework integrates a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model to evaluate the interplay between repair schedules and traffic conditions. The upper-level model generates and adjusts repair schedules, focusing on timing and location, while the lower-level model simulates the resulting traffic flow and travel time changes. Five optimization algorithms—adaptive differential evolution (ADE), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), simulated annealing (SA), and ant colony optimization (ACO)—are employed to identify repair plans that reduce traffic disruptions effectively. A case study in the Yangpu District of Shanghai demonstrates that the timing and spatial distribution of repairs significantly influence traffic flow. Among the tested algorithms, ADE achieves the lowest traffic impact, whereas SA excels in computational efficiency. The results highlight the importance of strategic scheduling in mitigating traffic disruptions by optimizing repair activities and leveraging traffic rerouting. This study provides a practical framework for urban planners to improve repair scheduling and minimize disruptions, contributing to more efficient infrastructure management. Future work could incorporate real-time data for adaptive scheduling and explore broader applications of the framework. Full article