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11 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Perinatal Outcomes of Chronic Abruption Oligohydramnios Sequence: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study
by Yoshifumi Kasuga, Yuka Fukuma, Kaoru Kajikawa, Keisuke Akita, Junko Tamai, Yuya Tanaka, Toshimitsu Otani, Marie Fukutake, Satoru Ikenoue and Mamoru Tanaka
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5523; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155523 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to describe the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence in the Kanto region of Japan. Methods: This survey was conducted at 123 perinatal centers affiliated to this area. Data on the experience of managing [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence in the Kanto region of Japan. Methods: This survey was conducted at 123 perinatal centers affiliated to this area. Data on the experience of managing chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence between 1 January 2017, and 31 December 2022, were collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 82 cases of chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence that were included in this study, there were seven miscarriages, five artificial abortions, and 70 deliveries beyond 22 gestational weeks (singleton: 68; twin: 2). In 82 patients, vaginal bleeding was the initial symptom of chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence (88%). The mean gestational duration at the initial symptom onset was 17.3 ± 5.0 weeks. Of the 68 singleton pregnancies delivered after 22 gestational weeks, the mean gestational duration at delivery was 25.2 ± 2.8 weeks. In patients with chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence, the mean white blood cell count at diagnosis and mean of the maximum white blood cell count during pregnancy were 11,589 ± 2885 and 15,357 ± 4745/μL, respectively; and the mean C-reactive protein at diagnosis and mean of the maximum C-reactive protein during pregnancy were 1.0 ± 1.2 and 2.0 ± 2.1 mg/L, respectively. Chorioamnionitis was identified in 43 patients (63%). All neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Of the 68 singleton neonates, 5 died immediately after birth. Conclusions: Chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence is a rare perinatal complication that is possibly associated with infections, such as chorioamnionitis, and linked to adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics & Gynecology)
19 pages, 895 KiB  
Article
A Phytochemical and Biological Characterization of Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus Cultivar “Carciofo di Procida”, a Traditional Italian Agri-Food Product (PAT) of the Campania Region
by Giuseppina Tommonaro, Giulia De Simone, Carmine Iodice, Marco Allarà and Adele Cutignano
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3285; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153285 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus) is an endemic perennial plant of the Mediterranean area commonly consumed as food. It is known since ancient times for its beneficial properties for human health, among which its antioxidant activity due to polyphenolics [...] Read more.
The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus) is an endemic perennial plant of the Mediterranean area commonly consumed as food. It is known since ancient times for its beneficial properties for human health, among which its antioxidant activity due to polyphenolics stands out. In the frame of our ongoing studies aiming to highlight the biodiversity and the chemodiversity of natural resources, we investigated the phenolic and saponin content of the cultivar “Carciofo di Procida” collected at Procida, an island of the Gulf of Naples (Italy). Along with the edible part of the immature flower, we included in our analyses the stem and the external bracts, generally discarded for food consuming or industrial preparations. The LCMS quali-quantitative profiling of polyphenols (including anthocyanins) and cynarasaponins of this cultivar is reported for the first time. In addition to antioxidant properties, we observed a significant cytotoxic activity due to extracts from external bracts against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines with 43% of cell viability, after 24 h from the treatment (50 μg/mL), and less potent but appreciable effects also against human colorectal adenocarcinoma CaCo-2 cells. This suggests that the different metabolite composition may be responsible for the bioactivity of extracts obtained from specific parts of artichoke and foresees a possible exploitation of the discarded material as a source of beneficial compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction and Analysis of Natural Products in Food—3rd Edition)
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13 pages, 1028 KiB  
Article
Survival and Prognostic Factors in Unresectable Head and Neck Cancer Patients
by Natsuki Oishi, Sara Orozco-Núñez, José Ramón Alba-García, Mar Gimeno-Coret and Enrique Zapater
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5517; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155517 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This single-cohort follow-up study describes the median overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to invasion of vital structures, which is under-represented in the current literature. Secondarily, subgroups were evaluated according to the type [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This single-cohort follow-up study describes the median overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to invasion of vital structures, which is under-represented in the current literature. Secondarily, subgroups were evaluated according to the type of presentation, in order to identify clinical characteristics and contribute to developing an appropriate treatment plan and managing patient’s expectations. Methods: This single-cohort observational study analysed the OS of 39 patients from the Otolaryngology Department with advanced-stage head and neck cancer with invasion of vital anatomical structures considered ineligible for surgical treatment. Secondarily, subgroups were evaluated according to type of presentation and various clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 39 patients radiologically classified as having unresectable HNSCC (i.e., unsuitable for surgical resection), with a mean age of 66.87 years, were included during a 24-month follow-up. By the end of the study, 56.4% of the patients had died. The median OS was 16.09 months. Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive and -negative status and when comparing initial and recurrent tumours. Conclusions: The invasion of anatomical structures such as the skull base, internal carotid artery, and prevertebral space was associated with a marked decrease in survival, with an OS time of 16 months. This study provides valuable evidence in patients with unresectable HNSCC, highlighting tumour recurrence and HPV-negative status as important indicators of poor prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Otolaryngology)
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24 pages, 3027 KiB  
Article
Resisting the Final Line: Phenotypic Detection of Resistance to Last-Resort Antimicrobials in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Wild Birds in Northern Italy
by Maria Cristina Rapi, Joel Filipe, Laura Filippone Pavesi, Stefano Raimondi, Maria Filippa Addis, Maria Pia Franciosini and Guido Grilli
Animals 2025, 15(15), 2289; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15152289 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, with wild birds increasingly recognized as potential reservoirs of resistant pathogens and as sentinels of environmental AMR. This study investigated the occurrence and AMR profiles of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from wild birds that died [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, with wild birds increasingly recognized as potential reservoirs of resistant pathogens and as sentinels of environmental AMR. This study investigated the occurrence and AMR profiles of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from wild birds that died at the Wildlife Rescue Center in Vanzago, Lombardy, in 2024. Cloacal swabs were collected from 112 birds representing various ecological categories. A total of 157 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified, including clinically relevant genera and species, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to first-line and critically important antimicrobials, including those exclusively authorized for human use. Notably, a phenotype compatible with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production was detected in four out of ten (40%) K. pneumoniae isolates. In addition, 20 out of the 157 (12.7%) isolated bacteria phenotypically exhibited a resistance profile indicative of AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC) production, including Enterobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa. Resistance patterns were particularly interesting in birds with carnivorous, scavenging, or migratory-associated behaviors. These findings highlight the role of wild birds in the ecology and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and highlight the need for wildlife-based AMR monitoring programs as part of a One Health approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Birds)
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25 pages, 3494 KiB  
Article
An Approach for Identifying a Global Core Indicator Set for Post-2030 International Development Goals
by Ichiro Sato
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7076; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157076 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
The global indicator framework for monitoring the progress of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) faces challenges such as insufficient data availability and comparability. However, fundamental changes to the SDG indicator framework are unlikely to occur by the SDG target year of [...] Read more.
The global indicator framework for monitoring the progress of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) faces challenges such as insufficient data availability and comparability. However, fundamental changes to the SDG indicator framework are unlikely to occur by the SDG target year of 2030. An opportunity for improvements lies in the development of post-2030 international development goals. To contribute to future discussions on the post-2030 indicator framework, this study investigates how to address data availability and comparability issues. A suggested improvement is to develop a relatively small set of indicators, named “core indicators,” which are intended to reduce the data compilation burden for countries while enabling the monitoring of the overall progress of goals. To examine the feasibility of identifying the core indicators, this study undertook an analysis of official SDG data from 2000 to 2023, and selected 47 disaggregated indicators (DIs) utilizing statistical correlations between DI pairs. The analysis revealed that the 47 core DIs could produce country SDG progress scores similar to those calculated with a much larger dataset of 1112 DIs. The results indicated the usefulness of the proposed approach in selecting the core indicators for the post-2030 international development goals. Full article
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19 pages, 29727 KiB  
Review
A Review of Methods for Increasing the Durability of Hot Forging Tools
by Jan Turek and Jacek Cieślik
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153669 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive review of key issues and challenges related to enhancing the durability of hot forging tools. It discusses modern strategies aimed at increasing tool life, including modifications to tool materials, heat treatment, surface engineering, tool and die design, die [...] Read more.
The article presents a comprehensive review of key issues and challenges related to enhancing the durability of hot forging tools. It discusses modern strategies aimed at increasing tool life, including modifications to tool materials, heat treatment, surface engineering, tool and die design, die geometry, tribological conditions, and lubrication. The review is based on extensive literature data, including recent publications and the authors’ own research, which has been implemented under industrial conditions at the modern forging facility in Forge Plant “Glinik” (Poland). The study introduces original design and technological solutions, such as an innovative concept for manufacturing forging dies from alloy structural steels with welded impressions, replacing traditional hot-work tool steel dies. It also proposes a zonal hardfacing approach, which involves applying welds with different chemical compositions to specific surface zones of the die impressions, selected according to the dominant wear mechanisms in each zone. General guidelines for selecting hardfacing material compositions are also provided. Additionally, the article presents technological processes for die production and regeneration. The importance and application of computer simulations of forging processes are emphasized, particularly in predicting wear mechanisms and intensity, as well as in optimizing tool and forging geometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing Processes and Systems)
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3 pages, 468 KiB  
Interesting Images
Fatal Congenital Heart Disease in a Postpartum Woman
by Corina Cinezan, Camelia Bianca Rus, Mihaela Mirela Muresan and Ovidiu Laurean Pop
Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1952; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151952 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
The image represents the post-mortem heart of a 28-year-old female patient, diagnosed in childhood with complete common atrioventricular canal defect. At time of diagnosis, the family refused surgery, as did the patient during her adulthood. Despite being advised against pregnancy, she became pregnant. [...] Read more.
The image represents the post-mortem heart of a 28-year-old female patient, diagnosed in childhood with complete common atrioventricular canal defect. At time of diagnosis, the family refused surgery, as did the patient during her adulthood. Despite being advised against pregnancy, she became pregnant. On presentation to hospital, she was cyanotic, with clubbed fingers, and hemodynamically unstable, in sinus rhythm, with Eisenmenger syndrome and respiratory failure partially responsive to oxygen. During pregnancy, owing to systemic vasodilatation, the right-to-left shunt is increased, with more severe cyanosis and low cardiac output. Echocardiography revealed the complete common atrioventricular canal defect, with a single atrioventricular valve with severe regurgitation, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary artery dilatation, severe pulmonary hypertension and a hypoplastic left ventricle. The gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks. She gave birth to a healthy boy, with an Apgar score of 10. The vaginal delivery was chosen by an interdisciplinary team. The cesarean delivery and the anesthesia were considered too risky compared to vaginal delivery. Three days later, the patient died. The autopsy revealed hepatomegaly, a greatly hypertrophied right ventricle with a purplish clot ascending the dilated pulmonary arteries and a hypoplastic left ventricle with a narrowed chamber. A single valve was observed between the atria and ventricles, making all four heart chambers communicate, also insufficiently developed interventricular septum and its congenital absence in the cranial third. These morphological changes indicate the complete common atrioventricular canal defect, with right ventricular dominance, which is a rare and impressive malformation that requires mandatory treatment in early childhood in order for the condition to be solved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
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14 pages, 1588 KiB  
Case Report
Fatal Cytokine Collision: HLH–AIHA in Advanced AIDS—Case Report and Literature Review
by Xiaoyi Zhang, Maria Felix Torres Nolasco, Wing Fai Li, Toru Yoshino and Manasa Anipindi
Reports 2025, 8(3), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8030137 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are both life-threatening hematologic syndromes that rarely present together outside of malignancy. Advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) creates a milieu of profound immune dysregulation and hyperinflammation, predisposing patients to atypical [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are both life-threatening hematologic syndromes that rarely present together outside of malignancy. Advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) creates a milieu of profound immune dysregulation and hyperinflammation, predisposing patients to atypical overlaps of these disorders. Case Presentation: A 30-year-old woman with poorly controlled AIDS presented with three weeks of jaundice, fever, and fatigue. Initial labs revealed pancytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated ferritin level. Direct anti-globulin testing confirmed warm AIHA (IgG+/C3d+) with transient cold agglutinins. Despite intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), rituximab, and transfusions, she developed hepatosplenomegaly, extreme hyperferritinemia, and sIL-2R > 10,000 pg/mL, meeting HLH-2004 criteria. Bone marrow biopsy excluded malignancy; further work-up revealed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viremia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. Dexamethasone plus reduced-dose etoposide transiently reduced soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) but precipitated profound pancytopenia, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from CMV/parainfluenza pneumonia, bilateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). She ultimately died of hemorrhagic shock after anticoagulation despite maximal supportive measures. Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of HLH-AIHA overlap in AIDS, where cytopenias and hyperferritinemia mask the underlying cytokine storm. Pathogenesis likely involved IL-6/IFN-γ overproduction, impaired cytotoxic T-cell function, and molecular mimicry. While etoposide remains a cornerstone of HLH therapy, its myelotoxicity proved catastrophic in this immunocompromised host, highlighting the urgent need for cytokine-targeted agents to mitigate treatment-related mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Allergy/Immunology)
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16 pages, 2301 KiB  
Article
Haustorium Formation and Specialized Metabolites Biosynthesis Using Co-Culture of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. and Baccharis conferta Kunth
by Annel Lizeth Leyva-Peralta, José Luis Trejo-Espino, Guadalupe Salcedo-Morales, Daniel Tapia-Maruri, Virginia Medina-Pérez, Alma Rosa López-Laredo and Gabriela Trejo-Tapia
Biology 2025, 14(8), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14080990 (registering DOI) - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
In this study, an in vitro co-culture system of Castilleja tenuiflora and its host, Baccharis conferta, was used, and the impact of their interaction on specialized metabolite content was analyzed. After 4 weeks of co-culture, haustoria formation was verified through environmental scanning [...] Read more.
In this study, an in vitro co-culture system of Castilleja tenuiflora and its host, Baccharis conferta, was used, and the impact of their interaction on specialized metabolite content was analyzed. After 4 weeks of co-culture, haustoria formation was verified through environmental scanning electron and confocal microscopy, confirming the successful establishment of the plant–plant interaction. Shoot height and biomass of the aerial part of the hemiparasite were not affected significantly by co-culture. However, root biomass increased by 53% compared to individually grown plants. Co-culture significantly reduced the host’s root length without negatively affecting its overall growth or survival. Phytochemical profile alterations were observed in both species. For C. tenuiflora, the lignans sesamin and eudesmin are proposed as differentially accumulated metabolites, while in B. conferta, the caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and the flavonoid acacetin were expressed differently. The development and chemical profiles of B. conferta and C. tenuiflora change when they grow in a co-culture because of the host–parasite interaction. Here, we report the feasibility of using a hemiparasite–host system to investigate more profound research questions. Future biotechnological applications of this system include elucidating the genetic regulators involved in haustorium formation, as well as optimizing environmental and physiological conditions to enhance its biosynthetic capacity for the production of specialized metabolites with therapeutic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)
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21 pages, 11558 KiB  
Article
First Steps Towards Site Characterization Activities at the CSTH Broad-Band Station of the Campi Flegrei’s Seismic Monitoring Network (Italy)
by Lucia Nardone, Rebecca Sveva Morelli, Guido Gaudiosi, Francesco Liguoro, Danilo Galluzzo and Massimo Orazi
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4787; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154787 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 49
Abstract
Local site conditions can significantly influence the amplitude, duration, and frequency content of seismic recordings, making the characterization of subsoil properties a critical component in seismic hazard assessment. However, despite extensive research, standardized methodologies for assessing site effects are still lacking. This study [...] Read more.
Local site conditions can significantly influence the amplitude, duration, and frequency content of seismic recordings, making the characterization of subsoil properties a critical component in seismic hazard assessment. However, despite extensive research, standardized methodologies for assessing site effects are still lacking. This study presents preliminary steps in the site characterization of a small area of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), with the aim of enhancing understanding of local lithology and seismic wave propagation. The analysis focuses on the broad-band seismic station CSTH, installed in 2021, and incorporates data from a temporary 2D array of five short-period sensors deployed around the station. These sensors recorded both ambient noise and seismic events associated with caldera dynamics. To improve the robustness of the characterization, data from two additional permanent broad-band stations (CPIS and CSOB) of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia—Osservatorio Vesuviano’s monitoring network, also located nearby a hydrothermal field, were included. Spectral analyses such as Power Spectral Density (PSD), Horizontal-to-Vertical (H/V) spectral ratios, and f-k array technique were performed to evaluate the frequency-dependent response of the site and to support the development of a comprehensive seismic site model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
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19 pages, 4313 KiB  
Article
Integrating Clinical and Imaging Markers for Survival Prediction in Advanced NSCLC Treated with EGFR-TKIs
by Thanika Ketpueak, Phumiphat Losuriya, Thanat Kanthawang, Pakorn Prakaikietikul, Lalita Lumkul, Phichayut Phinyo and Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2565; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152565 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 53
Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are presented in approximately 50% of East Asian populations with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment, patient outcomes are also influenced by host-related factors. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are presented in approximately 50% of East Asian populations with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment, patient outcomes are also influenced by host-related factors. This study aimed to investigate clinical and radiological factors associated with early mortality and develop a prognostic prediction model in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with first line EGFR-TKIs from January 2012 to October 2022 at Chiang Mai University Hospital. Clinical data and radiologic findings at the initiation of treatment were analyzed. A multivariable flexible parametric survival model was used to determine the predictors of death at 18 months. The predicted survival probabilities at 6, 12, and 18 months were estimated, and the model performance was evaluated. Results: Among 189 patients, 84 (44.4%) died within 18 months. Significant predictors of mortality included body mass index <18.5 or ≥23, bone metastasis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 5, albumin-to-globulin ratio < 1, and mean pulmonary artery diameter ≥ 29 mm. The model demonstrated good performance (Harrell’s C-statistic = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.66–0.78). Based on bootstrap internal validation, the optimism-corrected Harrell’s C-statistic was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.71–0.71), derived from an apparent C-statistic of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74–0.75) and an estimated optimism of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.03–0.04). Estimated 18-month survival ranged from 87.1% in those without risk factors to 2.1% in those with all predictors. A web-based tool was developed for clinical use. Conclusions: The prognostic model developed from fundamental clinical and radiologic parameters demonstrated promising utility in predicting 18-month mortality in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC receiving first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. Full article
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10 pages, 588 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Association Study of Gluteus Medius Muscle Size in a Crossbred Pig Population
by Yu He, Chunyan Bai, Junwen Fei, Juan Ke, Changyi Chen, Xiaoran Zhang, Wuyang Liu, Jing Li, Shuang Liang, Boxing Sun and Hao Sun
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080730 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 49
Abstract
The size of the gluteus medius muscle (GM) in swine significantly impacts both hindlimb conformation and carcass yield, while little is known about the genetic architecture of this trait. This study aims to estimate genetic parameters and identify candidate genes associated with this [...] Read more.
The size of the gluteus medius muscle (GM) in swine significantly impacts both hindlimb conformation and carcass yield, while little is known about the genetic architecture of this trait. This study aims to estimate genetic parameters and identify candidate genes associated with this trait through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 439 commercial crossbred pigs, possessing both Landrace and Yorkshire ancestry, were genotyped using the Porcine 50K chip. The length and width of the GM were directly measured, and the area was then calculated from these values. The heritabilities were estimated by HIBLUP (V1.5.0) software, and the GWAS was conducted employing the BLINK model implemented in GAPIT3. The heritability estimates for the length, width, and area of the GM were 0.43, 0.40, and 0.46, respectively. The GWAS identified four genome-wide significant SNPs (rs81381267, rs697734475, rs81298447, and rs81458910) associated with the gluteus medius muscle area. The PDE4D gene was identified as a promising candidate gene potentially involved in the regulation of gluteus medius muscle development. Our analysis revealed moderate heritability estimates for gluteus medius muscle size traits. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying porcine muscle development. Full article
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11 pages, 623 KiB  
Article
A TAVI Programme Without an On-Site Cardiac Surgery Department: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
by Rami Barashi, Mustafa Gabarin, Ziad Arow, Ranin Hilu, Ilya Losin, Ivan Novikov, Karam Abd El Hai, Yoav Arnson, Yoram Neuman, Koby Pesis, Ziyad Jebara, David Pereg, Edward Koifman, Abid Assali and Hana Vaknin-Assa
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5449; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155449 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 126
Abstract
Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, associated with poor outcomes if left untreated. Current guidelines recommend that transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures be performed in hospitals with an on-site cardiac surgery unit due to potential complications [...] Read more.
Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, associated with poor outcomes if left untreated. Current guidelines recommend that transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures be performed in hospitals with an on-site cardiac surgery unit due to potential complications requiring surgical intervention. Objective: Based on our experience, we evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of implementing a TAVI program in a cardiology department without an on-site cardiac surgery unit, in collaboration with a remote hospital for surgical backup. Methods: The TAVI program involved pre- and post-procedural evaluations conducted at Meir Medical Center (Kfar Saba, Israel) with a remote surgical team available. The study population included 149 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis treated at the Meir valve clinic between November 2019 and December 2023. Procedures were performed by the center’s interventional cardiology team. Results: The mean age of the 149 patients was 80 ± 6 years, and 75 (50%) were female. The average STS score was 4.3, and the EuroSCORE II was 3.1. Among the patients, 68 (45%) were classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV. The valve types used included ACURATE neo2 (57 patients, 38%), Edwards SAPIEN 3 (43 patients, 28%), Evolut-PRO (41 patients, 27%), and Navitor (7 patients, 4%). There were no cases of moderate to severe paravalvular leak and no elevated post-implantation gradients, and there was no need for urgent cardiac surgery. One case of valve embolization was successfully managed percutaneously during the procedure. In-hospital follow-up revealed no deaths and only one major vascular complication. At one-year follow-up, six patients had died, with only one death attributed to cardiac causes. Conclusions: Our findings support the safe and effective performance of transfemoral TAVI in cardiology departments without on-site cardiac surgery, in collaboration with a remote surgical team. Further prospective, multicenter studies are warranted to confirm these results and guide broader clinical implementation of this practice. Full article
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19 pages, 427 KiB  
Review
The Role of Viral Infections in the Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
by Ioanna Kotsiri, Maria Xanthi, Charalampia-Melangeli Domazinaki and Emmanouil Magiorkinis
Biology 2025, 14(8), 981; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14080981 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 215
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lifelong insulin dependence. While genetic susceptibility—particularly human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles—is a major risk factor, accumulating evidence implicates viral infections [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lifelong insulin dependence. While genetic susceptibility—particularly human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles—is a major risk factor, accumulating evidence implicates viral infections as potential environmental triggers in disease onset and progression. This narrative review synthesizes current findings on the role of viral pathogens in T1DM pathogenesis. Enteroviruses, especially Coxsackie B strains, are the most extensively studied and show strong epidemiological and mechanistic associations with beta-cell autoimmunity. Large prospective studies—including Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD), The environmental determinans of diabetes in the young (TEDDY), Miljøfaktorer i utvikling av type 1 diabetes (MIDIA), and Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)—consistently demonstrate correlations between enteroviral presence and the initiation or acceleration of islet autoimmunity. Other viruses—such as mumps, rubella, rotavirus, influenza A (H1N1), and SARS-CoV-2—have been investigated for their potential involvement through direct cytotoxic effects, immune activation, or molecular mimicry. Interestingly, certain viruses like varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) may exert modulatory or even protective influences on disease progression. Proposed mechanisms include direct beta-cell infection, molecular mimicry, bystander immune activation, and dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Although definitive causality remains unconfirmed, the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immune responses, and viral exposure underscores the need for further mechanistic research. Elucidating these pathways may inform future strategies for targeted prevention, early detection, and vaccine or antiviral development in at-risk populations. Full article
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19 pages, 2264 KiB  
Article
Extramedullary Plasmacytomas of the Nasal Cavity: Case-Based Perspectives into Optimizing the Diagnostic Differentiation from Inflammatory Polyps
by Carmen Aurelia Mogoantă, Codruț Sarafoleanu, Andrei Osman, Irina Enache, Shirley Tarabichi, Constantin-Ioan Busuioc, Ilona Mihaela Liliac, Dan Iovanescu and Ionuţ Tănase
Medicina 2025, 61(8), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61081406 - 1 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare monoclonal B-cell neoplasm that typically affects the head and neck region, with a predilection for the sinonasal tract. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific, leading to delayed diagnosis. This study aims to improve our [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare monoclonal B-cell neoplasm that typically affects the head and neck region, with a predilection for the sinonasal tract. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific, leading to delayed diagnosis. This study aims to improve our understanding of sinonasal EMP by reviewing the recent literature and presenting a case series from our clinical experience. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of published cases of sinonasal EMP from 2000 to 2023 was conducted using the PubMed database, yielding 28 eligible cases. Additionally, we retrospectively analyzed three patients diagnosed and treated at our institutions. Inclusion criteria included histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed EMP without evidence of systemic multiple myeloma. Data on demographics, tumor location, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results: Sinonasal EMP most commonly presented with unilateral nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Tumors were primarily located in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, often extending beyond a single anatomical site. In the literature cohort, the most frequent treatment was combined surgery and radiotherapy (35.71%), followed by radiotherapy alone (17.86%). Recurrence was reported in 10.71% of cases, and 7.14% of patients died due to disease progression. All three patients in our case series underwent surgical excision; two received postoperative radiotherapy. No recurrences or progression to multiple myeloma were observed during follow-up (12–24 months). Conclusions: Sinonasal EMP is a rare but radiosensitive tumor with a favorable prognosis when treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Early diagnosis, histopathological confirmation, and exclusion of systemic disease are essential. Multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up are critical due to the risk of recurrence and transformation into multiple myeloma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizing Outcomes in Head and Neck Surgery)
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