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Keywords = culture medium

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18 pages, 4884 KiB  
Article
Multiplication of Axillary Shoots of Adult Quercus robur L. Trees in RITA® Bioreactors
by Paweł Chmielarz, Conchi Sánchez, João Paulo Rodrigues Martins, Juan Manuel Ley-López, Purificación Covelo, María José Cernadas, Anxela Aldrey, Saleta Rico, Jesús María Vielba, Bruce Christie and Nieves Vidal
Forests 2025, 16(8), 1285; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081285 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
Adult trees of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) are recalcitrant to vegetative propagation. In this study, we investigated the micropropagation of five oak genotypes corresponding to trees aged 60–800 years in a liquid medium. We used commercial RITA bioreactors to study the [...] Read more.
Adult trees of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) are recalcitrant to vegetative propagation. In this study, we investigated the micropropagation of five oak genotypes corresponding to trees aged 60–800 years in a liquid medium. We used commercial RITA bioreactors to study the influence of the explant type, the culture medium, shoot support and number of immersions. Variables evaluated included the number of normal and hyperhydric shoots, shoot length, multiplication coefficient and number of rootable shoots per explant. All genotypes could be cultured in temporary immersion. Basal stem sections attached to callus grew better than apical sections and developed less hyperhydricity. For long-term cultivation, Gresshoff and Doy medium was the best of the three media evaluated. All genotypes produced vigorous shoots suitable for rooting and acclimation. This is the first protocol to proliferate adult oak trees in bioreactors, representing significant progress towards large-scale propagation of this and other related species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genetics and Molecular Biology)
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18 pages, 1113 KiB  
Article
Effects of Culture Period and Plant Growth Regulators on In Vitro Biomass Production and Phenolic Compounds in Seven Species of Hypericum
by Doina Clapa, Monica Hârţa, Ana Maria Radomir, Adrian George Peticilă, Loredana Leopold, Floricuţa Ranga and Dorin Ioan Sumedrea
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2437; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152437 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study evaluated biomass accumulation and phenolic compound production in seven Hypericum species (H. androsaemum, H. calycinum, H. hirsutum, H. kalmianum, H. olympicum, H. perforatum, and H. triquetrifolium) cultivated in vitro under varying growth regulator [...] Read more.
This study evaluated biomass accumulation and phenolic compound production in seven Hypericum species (H. androsaemum, H. calycinum, H. hirsutum, H. kalmianum, H. olympicum, H. perforatum, and H. triquetrifolium) cultivated in vitro under varying growth regulator treatments and culture periods. Shoots were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) or meta-topoline (mT) and analyzed after 40 and 60 days. MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L BA was the most effective condition for promoting biomass across all species, with shoot fresh weight increasing significantly at 60 days, particularly in H. olympicum, H. perforatum, and H. triquetrifolium. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) identified 13 phenolic compounds, including flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, phloroglucinols, and naphthodianthrones. Phenolic profiles were species-specific and influenced by culture period. H. kalmianum accumulated the highest total phenolic content (37.6 mg/g DW), while H. olympicum was the top producer of hypericin and pseudohypericin. These results highlight the crucial role of culture conditions in regulating both biomass and phytochemical production and provide a promising approach for producing bioactive metabolites in Hypericum species through in vitro systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tissue Culture V)
20 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 Supernatant Improves Markers of Gut Barrier Function and Inflammatory Response in Small Intestinal Organoids
by Louisa Filipe Rosa, Steffen Gonda, Nadine Roese and Stephan C. Bischoff
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081167 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
Objectives: Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, a probiotic yeast, is effectively used for the treatment of acute diarrhea as well as for the prevention and treatment of traveller‘s diarrhea and diarrhea under tube feeding. The underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Both antitoxic [...] Read more.
Objectives: Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, a probiotic yeast, is effectively used for the treatment of acute diarrhea as well as for the prevention and treatment of traveller‘s diarrhea and diarrhea under tube feeding. The underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Both antitoxic and regulatory effects on the intestinal barrier, mediated either by the yeast or yeast-derived substrates, have been discussed. Methods: To examine the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii released substrates (S.b.S) on gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function, a murine small intestinal organoid cell model under stress was used. Stress was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure or withdrawal of growth factors from cell culture medium (GFRed). Stressed organoids were treated with S.b.S (200 µg/mL), and markers of GI barrier and inflammatory response were assessed. Results: GFRed-induced stress was characterized by disturbances in selected tight junction (TJ) (p < 0.05), adherent junction (AJ) (p < 0.001), and mucin (Muc) formation (p < 0.01), measured by gene expressions, whereby additional S.b.S treatment was found to reverse these effects by increasing Muc2 (from 0.22 to 0.97-fold change, p < 0.05), Occludin (Ocln) (from 0.37 to 3.5-fold change, p < 0.0001), and Claudin (Cldn)7 expression (from 0.13 ± 0.066-fold change, p < 0.05) and by decreasing Muc1, Cldn2, Cldn5, and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) expression (all p < 0.01). Further, S.b.S normalized expression of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)2- (from 44.5 to 0.51, p < 0.0001) and matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)7-dependent activation (from 28.3 to 0.02875 ± 0.0044 ** p < 0.01) of antimicrobial peptide defense and reduced the expression of several inflammatory markers, such as myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) (p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα) (p < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.01), and IL-1β (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745-derived secretome attenuates inflammatory responses and restores GI barrier function in small intestinal organoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Probiotics: New Avenues)
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7 pages, 1334 KiB  
Technical Note
An Optimized Protocol for SBEM-Based Ultrastructural Analysis of Cultured Human Cells
by Natalia Diak, Łukasz Chajec, Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa and Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
Methods Protoc. 2025, 8(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8040090 (registering DOI) - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) is a powerful technique for three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of biological samples, though its application to in vitro cultured human cells remains underutilized. In this study, we present an optimized SBEM sample preparation protocol using human dermal fibroblasts [...] Read more.
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) is a powerful technique for three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of biological samples, though its application to in vitro cultured human cells remains underutilized. In this study, we present an optimized SBEM sample preparation protocol using human dermal fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The method includes key modifications to the original protocol, such as using only glutaraldehyde for fixation and substituting the toxic cacodylate buffer with a less hazardous phosphate buffer. These adaptations result in excellent preservation of cellular ultrastructure, with high contrast and clarity, as validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The loss of natural cell morphology resulted from fixation during passage, when cells formed a precipitate, rather than from fixation directly within the culture medium. The protocol is time-efficient, safe, and broadly applicable to both stem cells and differentiated cells cultured under 2D conditions, providing a valuable tool for ultrastructural analysis in diverse biomedical research settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Cellular Biology)
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11 pages, 1392 KiB  
Article
Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. as a Potential Inoculum in a CO2 Capture Device Against Changes in Environmental Temperature
by Yolanda Garrido, Joaquín Quesada-Medina, José David Sánchez, Ana Sánchez-Zurano, Eduardo Iniesta-López, Adrián Hernández-Fernández, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos and Francisco José Hernández-Fernández
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2479; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082479 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the viability of a native Scenedesmus sp. strain for use in a 50 L bubble column photobioreactor designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under simulated spring, extreme summer, and winter conditions. The experiments were conducted by placing the reactor in [...] Read more.
This study investigates the viability of a native Scenedesmus sp. strain for use in a 50 L bubble column photobioreactor designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under simulated spring, extreme summer, and winter conditions. The experiments were conducted by placing the reactor in a controlled climatic chamber, which allowed us to regulate the temperature, light intensity, and day–night cycles throughout the entire experiment. The results showed that under simulated spring conditions (a maximum temperature of 22 °C), the algal culture grew continuously for 61 days. Under extreme summer conditions (a maximum temperature of 39 °C), an initial drop in cell density was followed by recovery and continued growth over 75 days, although biomass production was 35% lower. Under winter conditions (a maximum temperature of 10 °C), the culture failed, indicating the need to prevent temperatures below 10 °C. In terms of biomass production, the culture densities achieved were 1.04 g L−1 and 0.68 g L−1 in the spring and summer trials, respectively. The Scenedesmus sp. strain demonstrated high carbon capture efficiency, tolerance to extreme heat, and sustained growth without the need for fresh medium or pH adjustments for over 60 days during spring and extreme summer conditions, confirming its potential for outdoor applications. Full article
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22 pages, 518 KiB  
Article
Staying or Leaving a Shrinking City: Migration Intentions of Creative Youth in Erzurum, Eastern Türkiye
by Defne Dursun and Doğan Dursun
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7109; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157109 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study explores the migration intentions of university students—representing the potential creative class—in Erzurum, a medium-sized city in eastern Turkey experiencing shrinkage. Within the theoretical framework of shrinking cities, it investigates how economic, social, physical, and personal factors influence students’ post-graduation stay or [...] Read more.
This study explores the migration intentions of university students—representing the potential creative class—in Erzurum, a medium-sized city in eastern Turkey experiencing shrinkage. Within the theoretical framework of shrinking cities, it investigates how economic, social, physical, and personal factors influence students’ post-graduation stay or leave decisions. Survey data from 742 Architecture and Fine Arts students at Atatürk University were analyzed using factor analysis, logistic regression, and correlation to identify key migration drivers. Findings reveal that, in addition to economic concerns such as limited job opportunities and low income, personal development opportunities and social engagement also play a decisive role. In particular, the perception of limited chances for skill enhancement and the belief that Erzurum is not a good place to meet people emerged as the strongest predictors of migration intentions. These results suggest that members of the creative class are influenced not only by economic incentives but also by broader urban experiences related to self-growth and social connectivity. This study highlights spatial inequalities in access to cultural, educational, and social infrastructure, raising important questions about spatial justice in shrinking urban contexts. This paper contributes to the literature on shrinking cities by highlighting creative youth in mid-sized Global South cities. It suggests smart shrinkage strategies focused on creative sector development, improved quality of life, and inclusive planning to retain young talent and support sustainable urban revitalization. Full article
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13 pages, 1534 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Proteins in Spermatogenic Cells After Paclitaxel Administration
by Suna Karadeniz Saygılı, Meryem Cansu Sahin, Fulya Yukcu and Senem Sanli
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(8), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080620 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of paclitaxel on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in spermatogenic cells. Methods: In the study, spermatogonium (GC1) and spermatocyte (GC2) cell lines were used. The IC50 dose of paclitaxel was calculated using an [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of paclitaxel on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in spermatogenic cells. Methods: In the study, spermatogonium (GC1) and spermatocyte (GC2) cell lines were used. The IC50 dose of paclitaxel was calculated using an MTT assay. Each cell line was separated into two different groups: control (GC1-C, GC2-C) and paclitaxel-treated (GC1-P, GC2-P). The control cells were incubated under standard culture conditions. The paclitaxel group cells were incubated in culture medium containing the paclitaxel IC50 dose for 24 h. After the experiments, all groups were stained with GRP78, p-PERK, and p-eIF2α antibodies using semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry. Results: Paclitaxel showed cytotoxicity. In the experimental model of the paclitaxel-treated cells, all the markers showed elevated levels of immunoreactivity, indicating ER stress. Conclusions: Paclitaxel administration triggered ER stress in spermatogenic cells. Studies of ER-related stress mechanisms in spermatogenic cells with further advanced molecular analyses will be important for therapeutic strategies. Full article
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26 pages, 569 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Wine Consumption Behaviour of Young Chinese Consumers
by Yanni Du and Sussie C. Morrish
Beverages 2025, 11(4), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages11040109 - 4 Aug 2025
Viewed by 132
Abstract
This study investigates how young Chinese consumers across generational lines engage with wine, addressing three key research questions: What motivates their wine purchases? What sensory preferences do they exhibit? And through which channels do they prefer to buy wine? Based on a qualitative [...] Read more.
This study investigates how young Chinese consumers across generational lines engage with wine, addressing three key research questions: What motivates their wine purchases? What sensory preferences do they exhibit? And through which channels do they prefer to buy wine? Based on a qualitative design combining focus groups and semi-structured interviews, the study identifies significant generational differences between millennials and post-millennials. Millennials treat wine as a social tool for networking and status, while post-millennials view wine as a medium of personal identity shaped by digital culture. Similarly, millennials prefer a balance of traditional and digital retail, whereas post-millennials favour online platforms. Experiential consumption follows the same pattern, from formal tourism to virtual tastings. By linking these findings to institutional and cultural theories of consumer behaviour, the study contributes to a nuanced understanding of wine consumption in an emerging market. It provides practical implications for wine marketers aiming to localize their strategies for younger Chinese segments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Wine, Spirits and Oenological Products)
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10 pages, 868 KiB  
Article
The Response of Cell Cultures to Nutrient- and Serum-Induced Changes in the Medium
by Marijana Leventić, Katarina Mišković Špoljarić, Karla Vojvodić, Nikolina Kovačević, Marko Obradović and Teuta Opačak-Bernardi
Sci 2025, 7(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/sci7030105 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 178
Abstract
Cell culture models are of central importance for the investigation of cellular metabolism, proliferation and stress responses. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of glucose (1 g/L vs. 4.5 g/L) and fetal bovine serum (FBS; 5%, 10%, 15%) on viability, mitochondrial [...] Read more.
Cell culture models are of central importance for the investigation of cellular metabolism, proliferation and stress responses. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of glucose (1 g/L vs. 4.5 g/L) and fetal bovine serum (FBS; 5%, 10%, 15%) on viability, mitochondrial function and autophagy are investigated in four human cell lines: MRC-5, HeLa, Caco-2 and SW-620. Cells were cultured in defined media for 72 h, and viability was assessed by LDH release, mitochondrial membrane potential using Rhodamine 123, ATP content by luminescence and autophagy activity by dual fluorescence staining. The results showed that HeLa and SW-620 cancer cells exhibited increased proliferation and mitochondrial activity under high glucose conditions, while low glucose media resulted in decreased ATP content and increased membrane permeability in HeLa cells. MRC-5 fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells showed greater resilience to nutrient stress, with minimal changes in LDH release and consistent proliferation. Autophagy was activated under all conditions, with a significant increase only in selected cell-medium combinations. These results highlight the importance of medium composition in influencing cellular bioenergetics and stress responses, which has implications for cancer research, metabolic disease modelling and the development of serum-free culture systems for regenerative medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology Research and Life Sciences)
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13 pages, 235 KiB  
Article
Motivations of Sports Volunteers at Mass Endurance Events: A Case Study of Poznan
by Milena Michalska, Mateusz Grajek and Mateusz Rozmiarek
Sports 2025, 13(8), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080255 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 177
Abstract
Sport volunteering plays an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable development by supporting the social dimension of sustainability, fostering social integration, and promoting a healthy lifestyle. However, there is a lack of systematic research in Poland on the motivations of sport [...] Read more.
Sport volunteering plays an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable development by supporting the social dimension of sustainability, fostering social integration, and promoting a healthy lifestyle. However, there is a lack of systematic research in Poland on the motivations of sport volunteers, particularly in the context of mass endurance events. This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional design involving 148 sport volunteers engaged in mass endurance events in Poznan, Poland. To measure motivation, the Polish adaptation of the VMS-ISE scale was used. Data analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that volunteer motivations were relatively homogeneous regardless of gender and education level, with the exception of passion for sport, which was significantly stronger among men (p = 0.037). Significant differences were found based on place of residence: residents of medium-sized cities demonstrated the highest motivation for personal development (p < 0.001), whereas individuals from rural areas exhibited stronger patriotism, a greater need for interpersonal interaction, and a higher valuation of external rewards (p < 0.05). The motivations of sport volunteers in Poland are complex and sensitive to environmental factors. Understanding these differences allows for better alignment of recruitment and volunteer management strategies, which can enhance both the effectiveness and sustainability of volunteer engagement. It is recommended to develop volunteer programs that take into account the demographic and socio-cultural characteristics of participants. Full article
15 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Biostimulatory Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas corrugata on Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of In Vitro-Propagated Plants of Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC
by Janhvi Mishra Rawat, Mrinalini Agarwal, Shivani Negi, Jigisha Anand, Prabhakar Semwal, Balwant Rawat, Rajneesh Bhardwaj and Debasis Mitra
Bacteria 2025, 4(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/bacteria4030038 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 106
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are well known for their capacity to enhance the growth and survival of in vitro-grown plants. However, their effect on Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., a critically endangered medicinal plant in the Indian Himalayan Region, is still unknown. In [...] Read more.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are well known for their capacity to enhance the growth and survival of in vitro-grown plants. However, their effect on Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., a critically endangered medicinal plant in the Indian Himalayan Region, is still unknown. In this study, a simple, reproducible protocol for in vitro propagation of N. jatamansi was established using shoot tip explants, cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators, including N6-benzylaminopurine, thidiazuron (TDZ), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). MS media supplemented with 2.0 μM TDZ and 0.5 µM NAA created a significant shoot induction with an average of 6.2 shoots per explant. These aseptically excised individual shoots produced roots on MS medium supplemented with Indole Butyric Acid or NAA within 14 days of the transfer. The PGPR, viz., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas corrugata, inoculation resulted in improved growth, higher chlorophyll content, and survival of in vitro-rooted plants (94.6%) after transfer to the soil. Moreover, the PGPRs depicted a two-fold higher total phenolics (45.87 mg GAE/g DW) in plants. These results clearly demonstrate the beneficial effects of P. corrugata and B. subtilis on the growth, survival, and phytochemical content of N. jatamansi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harnessing of Soil Microbiome for Sustainable Agriculture)
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11 pages, 4661 KiB  
Article
Somatic Embryogenesis in Native Peruvian Fine-Flavor Cocoa Genotypes
by Karol Rubio, Santos Leiva, Manuel Oliva, Jorge R. Diaz-Valderrama and Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2025, 16(3), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb16030084 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 74
Abstract
Cacao genotypes propagation through plant tissue culture represents a strategic approach for establishing a core collection of elite plants to be used as a donor material source, necessary for increasing new planting areas of cacao. This study aimed to evaluate somatic embryo regeneration [...] Read more.
Cacao genotypes propagation through plant tissue culture represents a strategic approach for establishing a core collection of elite plants to be used as a donor material source, necessary for increasing new planting areas of cacao. This study aimed to evaluate somatic embryo regeneration in ten native fine-aroma cacao genotypes (INDES-06, INDES-11, INDES-14, INDES-32, INDES-52, INDES-53, INDES-63, INDES-64, INDES-66, INDES-70) from the INDES-CES germplasm collection, under in vitro conditions using culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of Thidiazuron (0, 10, and 20 nM). Our results showed an average of 20 and 100% of callogenesis in all genotypes evaluated, but the callus development did not appear after early stages of its induction; however, primary somatic embryos were observed after 42 days after TDZ treatment in the INDES-52, INDES-53, INDES-64, INDES-66, INDES-70 genotypes. The INDES-52 genotype was more responsive to under 20 nM of TDZ, generating an average of 17 embryos per explant. This study contributes to the adaptation and establishment of a protocol for somatic embryo regeneration of fine-flavor cacao genotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Reproduction)
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21 pages, 6231 KiB  
Article
Integrating In Vitro Propagation and Machine Learning Modeling for Efficient Shoot and Root Development in Aronia melanocarpa
by Mehmet Yaman, Esra Bulunuz Palaz, Musab A. Isak, Serap Demirel, Tolga İzgü, Sümeyye Adalı, Fatih Demirel, Özhan Şimşek, Gheorghe Cristian Popescu and Monica Popescu
Horticulturae 2025, 11(8), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080886 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 198
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) is a medicinally valuable small fruit species, yet its commercial propagation remains limited by low rooting and genotype-specific responses. This study developed an efficient, callus-free micropropagation and rooting protocol using a Shrub Plant Medium (SPM) supplemented with 5 mg/L [...] Read more.
Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) is a medicinally valuable small fruit species, yet its commercial propagation remains limited by low rooting and genotype-specific responses. This study developed an efficient, callus-free micropropagation and rooting protocol using a Shrub Plant Medium (SPM) supplemented with 5 mg/L BAP in large 660 mL jars, which yielded up to 27 shoots per explant. Optimal rooting (100%) was achieved with 0.5 mg/L NAA + 0.25 mg/L IBA in half-strength SPM. In the second phase, supervised machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, Gaussian Process (GP), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), were employed to predict morphogenic traits based on culture conditions. XGBoost and RF outperformed other models, achieving R2 values exceeding 0.95 for key variables such as shoot number and root length. These results demonstrate that data-driven modeling can enhance protocol precision and reduce experimental workload in plant tissue culture. The study also highlights the potential for combining physiological understanding with artificial intelligence to streamline future in vitro applications in woody species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Culture and Micropropagation Techniques of Horticultural Crops)
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27 pages, 5832 KiB  
Article
Electrospinning Technology to Influence Hep-G2 Cell Growth on PVDF Fiber Mats as Medical Scaffolds: A New Perspective of Advanced Biomaterial
by Héctor Herrera Hernández, Carlos O. González Morán, Gemima Lara Hernández, Ilse Z. Ramírez-León, Citlalli J. Trujillo Romero, Juan A. Alcántara Cárdenas and Jose de Jesus Agustin Flores Cuautle
J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(8), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9080401 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 207
Abstract
This research focuses on designing polymer membranes as biocompatible materials using home-built electrospinning equipment, offering alternative solutions for tissue regeneration applications. This technological development supports cell growth on biomaterial substrates, including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells. This work researches the compatibility of polymer membranes [...] Read more.
This research focuses on designing polymer membranes as biocompatible materials using home-built electrospinning equipment, offering alternative solutions for tissue regeneration applications. This technological development supports cell growth on biomaterial substrates, including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells. This work researches the compatibility of polymer membranes (fiber mats) made of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) for possible use in cellular engineering. A standard culture medium was employed to support the proliferation of Hep-G2 cells under controlled conditions (37 °C, 4.8% CO2, and 100% relative humidity). Subsequently, after the incubation period, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) assays were conducted in a physiological environment to characterize the electrical cellular response, providing insights into the biocompatibility of the material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to evaluate cell adhesion, morphology, and growth on the PVDF polymer membranes. The results suggest that PVDF polymer membranes can be successfully produced through electrospinning technology, resulting in the formation of a dipole structure, including the possible presence of a polar β-phase, contributing to piezoelectric activity. EIS measurements, based on Rct and Cdl values, are indicators of ion charge transfer and strong electrical interactions at the membrane interface. These findings suggest a favorable environment for cell proliferation, thereby enhancing cellular interactions at the fiber interface within the electrolyte. SEM observations displayed a consistent distribution of fibers with a distinctive spherical agglomeration on the entire PVDF surface. Finally, integrating piezoelectric properties into cell culture systems provides new opportunities for investigating the influence of electrical interactions on cellular behavior through electrochemical techniques. Based on the experimental results, this electrospun polymer demonstrates great potential as a promising candidate for next-generation biomaterials, with a probable application in tissue regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Biocomposites, 3rd Edition)
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16 pages, 1291 KiB  
Article
Biotechnological Potential of Weizmannia ginsengihumi in the Conversion of Xylose into Lactic Acid: A Sustainable Strategy
by Larissa Provasi Santos, Ingrid Yoshimura, Fernanda Batista de Andrade and Jonas Contiero
Fermentation 2025, 11(8), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11080447 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 228
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate Weizmannia spp. that produce lactic acid from xylose and use an experimental design to optimize the production of the metabolite. After isolation, the experiments were conducted in xylose-yeast extract-peptone medium. The identification of isolates was [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to isolate Weizmannia spp. that produce lactic acid from xylose and use an experimental design to optimize the production of the metabolite. After isolation, the experiments were conducted in xylose-yeast extract-peptone medium. The identification of isolates was performed using the 16S rDNA PCR technique, followed by sequencing. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimize the concentrations of the carbon source (xylose), nitrogen source (yeast extract and peptone), and sodium acetate. Two strains were considered promising for lactic acid production, with W. coagulans BLMI achieving greater lactic acid production under anaerobic conditions (21.93 ± 0.9 g.L−1) and a yield of 69.18 %, while the strain W. ginsengihumi BMI was able to produce 19.79 ± 0.8 g.L−1, with a yield of 70.46 %. CCRD was used with the W. ginsengihumi strain due to the lack of records in the literature on its use for lactic acid production. The carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the response, but the interactions of the variables were nonsignificant (p < 0.05). The response surface analysis indicated that the optimal concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources were 32.5 and 3.0 g.L−1, respectively, without the need to add sodium acetate to the culture medium, leading to the production of 20.02 ± 0.19 g.L−1, productivity of 0.55 g/L/h after 36 hours of fermentation, and a residual sugar concentration of 12.59 ± 0.51 g.L−1. These results demonstrate the potential of W. ginsengihumi BMI for the production of lactic acid by xylose fermentation since it is carried out at 50 °C, indicating a path for future studies Full article
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