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Search Results (518)

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Keywords = ceramic restorations

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17 pages, 3103 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Performance of Feldspathic and Lithium Disilicate Restorations in Pediatric Anterior Dental Trauma
by Sorin Gheorghe Mihali, Șerban Talpoș, Dan Loloș, Bogdan Antonio Loloș, Andreea Raissa Hojda and Loredana Mitariu
Children 2025, 12(8), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081019 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 137
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Anterior dental trauma in adolescents presents complex restorative challenges due to ongoing craniofacial development and high aesthetic expectations. This study evaluated the long-term clinical performance of feldspathic ceramic veneers and lithium disilicate crowns used in the anterior region following dental trauma [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Anterior dental trauma in adolescents presents complex restorative challenges due to ongoing craniofacial development and high aesthetic expectations. This study evaluated the long-term clinical performance of feldspathic ceramic veneers and lithium disilicate crowns used in the anterior region following dental trauma in adolescents. Methods: A total of 209 restorations were placed in 85 adolescents (50 females, 35 males), aged 11.1–17.9 years (mean age: 15.1 years). Of these, 144 were lithium disilicate crowns, and 65 were feldspathic ceramic veneers. All restorations were fabricated using minimally invasive protocols and followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 60 months. Outcomes were assessed based on standardized clinical criteria for success and failure. Results: Lithium disilicate crowns exhibited superior long-term performance, with the majority of failures occurring in feldspathic veneers (p < 0.001), primarily due to chipping or structural fracture. Age and gender had no statistically significant influence on failure rates. Conclusions: Both feldspathic and lithium disilicate ceramic restorations represent viable treatment options for anterior dental trauma in adolescents. However, lithium disilicate demonstrates greater mechanical reliability, particularly in teeth with significant hard tissue loss. These results support the use of durable ceramic materials in adolescent restorative protocols involving dental trauma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Advance in Pediatric Dentistry)
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25 pages, 659 KiB  
Systematic Review
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Durable Prosthetic Restorations Printed Using 3D Technology in Comparison with Hybrid Ceramics and Milled Restorations—A Systematic Review
by Bettanapalya. V. Swapna, B. Shivamurthy, Vinu Thomas George, Kavishma Sulaya and Vaishnavi M Nayak
Prosthesis 2025, 7(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7040090 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 128
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has emerged as an innovative approach in dentistry. Recently, manufacturers have developed permanent resins engineered explicitly for the fabrication of definitive prostheses using AM techniques. This systematic review evaluated the mechanical and physical properties of 3D-printed permanent resins [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has emerged as an innovative approach in dentistry. Recently, manufacturers have developed permanent resins engineered explicitly for the fabrication of definitive prostheses using AM techniques. This systematic review evaluated the mechanical and physical properties of 3D-printed permanent resins in comparison to milled resins and hybrid ceramics for the fabrication of indirect dental restorations. Methods: Three electronic databases—Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed—were searched for English-language articles. Two independent researchers conducted study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and the evaluation of the certainty of evidence. In vitro studies assessing the mechanical and physical properties of the permanent resins were included in this review. Results: A total of 1779 articles were identified through electronic databases. Following full-text screening and eligibility assessment, 13 studies published between 2023 and 2024 were included in this qualitative review. The investigated outcomes included physical properties (surface roughness, color changes, water sorption/solubility) and mechanical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness). Conclusions: Three-dimensionally printed permanent resins show promising potential for fabricating indirect dental restorations. However, the current evidence regarding their mechanical and physical properties remain limited and inconsistent, mainly due to variability in study methodologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Prosthodontics)
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14 pages, 2138 KiB  
Article
Comparison Between Bond Strengths of a Resin Cement on Traditional Prosthetic Substrates and a 3D-Printed Resin for Permanent Restorations
by Alessandro Vichi, Hanan Al-Johani, Dario Balestra and Chris Louca
Coatings 2025, 15(8), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080896 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 261
Abstract
Recently, 3D-printed resins have been introduced as materials for definitive indirect restorations. Herein, a comparative assessment of the bond strengths of 3D-printed resins to a resin cement was performed. Methods: four definitive restorative materials were selected, i.e., a Feldspar ceramic (VITA Mark II, [...] Read more.
Recently, 3D-printed resins have been introduced as materials for definitive indirect restorations. Herein, a comparative assessment of the bond strengths of 3D-printed resins to a resin cement was performed. Methods: four definitive restorative materials were selected, i.e., a Feldspar ceramic (VITA Mark II, VM), a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (VITA Enamic, VE), a nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio Bloc, GB), and one 3D-printed resin (Crown Permanent, CP). VM and VE were etched and silanized, GB was sandblasted, and CP was glass bead blasted; for one further experimental group, this was followed by sandblasting (CPs). A resin cement (RelyX Unicem) was then used for bonding, and then a notched shear bond strength test (nSBS) was performed. Failure modes were observed and classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed, and SEM representative images were taken. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Significant differences were detected in nSBS among materials (p < 0.001). The highest nSBS was found in VM (30.3 ± 1.8 MPa) a, followed by CPb, GBbc, CPbc, and VEc. Failure modes were significantly different (p < 0.001), and with different prevalent failure modes. The bond strength for 3D-printed permanent resin materials was shown to be lower than that of the felspathic ceramic but comparable to that of the resin block and PICN substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymer Coatings: Materials, Methods, and Applications)
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15 pages, 2256 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Wear Analysis of Leucite-Reinforced Ceramic Inlays/Onlays After 14 Years
by Ragai-Edward Matta, Lara Berger, Oleksandr Sednyev, Dennis Bäuerle, Eva Maier, Werner Adler and Michael Taschner
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153446 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Material wear significantly impacts the clinical success and longevity of dental ceramic restorations. This in vivo study aimed to assess the wear behavior of IPS Empress® glass-ceramic inlays and onlays over 14 years, considering the influence of different antagonist materials. Fifty-four indirect [...] Read more.
Material wear significantly impacts the clinical success and longevity of dental ceramic restorations. This in vivo study aimed to assess the wear behavior of IPS Empress® glass-ceramic inlays and onlays over 14 years, considering the influence of different antagonist materials. Fifty-four indirect restorations of 21 patients were available for comprehensive wear analysis, with complete follow-up data for up to 14 years. Three-dimensional measurements relied on digitized epoxy resin models produced immediately post-insertion (baseline) and subsequently at 2, 4, and 14 years. The occlusal region on the baseline model was delineated for comparative analysis. Three-dimensional superimpositions with models from subsequent time points were executed to assess wear in terms of average linear wear and volumetric loss. Statistical analyses were conducted in R (version 4.4.1), employing Mann–Whitney U tests (material comparisons) and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (time point comparisons), with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05. During the entire study period, an increase in wear was observed at each assessment interval, gradually stabilizing over time. Significant differences in substance loss were found between the follow-up time points, both for mean (−0.536 ± 0.249 mm after 14a) and integrated distance (−18,935 ± 11,711 mm3 after 14a). In addition, significantly higher wear was observed after 14 years with gold as antagonist compared to other materials (p ≤ 0.03). The wear behavior of IPS Empress® ceramics demonstrates clinically acceptable long-term outcomes, with abrasion characteristics exhibiting stabilization over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Materials: From Design to Application, Second Volume)
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11 pages, 1718 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Fit of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crown Restorations Obtained by Model Scanner, Intraoral Scanner, and Different CBCT Scans
by Bora Akat, Ayben Şentürk, Mert Ocak, Mehmet Ali Kılıçarslan, Kaan Orhan, Merve Önder and Fehmi Gönüldaş
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 8017; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15148017 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 258
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of ceramic crowns produced by various digital methods using microcomputed tomography (MCT) imaging. (2) Methods: The ceramic crown preparation was performed on typodont maxillary first premolar. The crown preparation was scanned [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of ceramic crowns produced by various digital methods using microcomputed tomography (MCT) imaging. (2) Methods: The ceramic crown preparation was performed on typodont maxillary first premolar. The crown preparation was scanned with an intraoral scanner and a model scanner, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed with three different voxel sizes (0.075 mm, 0.1 mm, and 0.15 mm). The space between the crown and prepared teeth was measured at nine different points in both coronal and sagittal sections. Three different digital model acquisition techniques, namely, intraoral scanning, model scanning, and CBCT-based standard tessellation language (STL) reconstruction, were compared in terms of marginal and internal fit. (3) Results: Quantitative analyses revealed that model scanners exhibited the lowest marginal and internal gap values, indicating superior fit compared to intraoral scanners and CBCT-based models. The highest gap values were observed in the CBCT group with a voxel size of 0.15 mm. Overall, crowns obtained from model scanners demonstrated the highest success rates in both marginal and internal fit. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of digital scanning accuracy in achieving clinically acceptable prosthetic fits and emphasizes the need for continued technological advancement. Full article
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20 pages, 6738 KiB  
Article
Biocompatible Inorganic PVD MeSiON Thin Films (Me = Cr or Zr) Used to Enhance the Bond Strength Between NiCr-Based Metallic Frameworks and Ceramic in Dental Restorations
by Mihaela Dinu, Cosmin Mihai Cotrut, Alina Vladescu (Dragomir), Florin Baciu, Anca Constantina Parau, Iulian Pana, Lidia Ruxandra Constantin and Catalin Vitelaru
Dent. J. 2025, 13(7), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13070318 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 229
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increasing demand for aesthetics in dentistry has driven significant advancements in both materials and techniques. The primary cause of ceramic detachment in dental restorations is extensive mechanical stress, which often results in detachment and clinical complications. This study aims to improve [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The increasing demand for aesthetics in dentistry has driven significant advancements in both materials and techniques. The primary cause of ceramic detachment in dental restorations is extensive mechanical stress, which often results in detachment and clinical complications. This study aims to improve the bond strength between NiCr-based metal frameworks and ceramic coatings by introducing biocompatible inorganic MeSiON thin films (Me = Cr or Zr) as interlayers. Methods: MeSiON coatings with a thickness of ~2 μm were deposited on NiCr alloy using cathodic arc evaporation. To tailor the stoichiometry, morphology, and mechanical properties of the coatings, the substrate bias voltage was varied: −50 V, −100 V, −150 V, −200 V. Structural and surface characterization was performed using SEM/EDS, XRD, profilometry, and contact angle analysis. The coating adhesion was evaluated by using standardized scratch testing, while the bond strength was evaluated using a three-point bending test. Results: The NiCr alloy exhibited a dendritic microstructure, and the ceramic layer consisted mainly of quartz, feldspar, kaolin, and ZrO2. ZrSiON coatings showed superior roughness, elemental incorporation, and adhesion compared to Cr-based coatings, these properties being further improved by increasing the substrate bias. The highest bond strength was achieved with a ZrSiON coating deposited at −200 V, a result we attributed to increased surface roughness and mechanical interlocking at the ceramic-metal interface. Conclusions: CrSiON and ZrSiON interlayers enhanced ceramic-to-metal adhesion in NiCr-based dental restorations. The enhancement in bond strength is primarily ascribed to substrate bias-induced modifications in the coating’s stoichiometry, roughness, and adhesion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials Design and Innovative Treatment Approach)
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12 pages, 1407 KiB  
Article
Morpholine’s Effects on the Repair Strength of a Saliva-Contaminated CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composite Mended with Resin Composite
by Awiruth Klaisiri, Tool Sriamporn, Nantawan Krajangta and Niyom Thamrongananskul
J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(7), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9070345 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 668
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of morpholine on saliva-contaminated resin-based composite (RBC)-CAD/CAM material repaired with resin composite. Fifty RBC-CAD/CAM materials were fabricated and assigned to five groups and surface-treated with saliva, phosphoric acid (PHR), morpholine (MRL), and a [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of morpholine on saliva-contaminated resin-based composite (RBC)-CAD/CAM material repaired with resin composite. Fifty RBC-CAD/CAM materials were fabricated and assigned to five groups and surface-treated with saliva, phosphoric acid (PHR), morpholine (MRL), and a universal adhesive agent (Scotchbond universal plus, SCP) based on the following techniques: group 1, saliva; group 2, SCP; group 3, saliva + SCP; group 4, saliva + PHR + SCP; and group 5, saliva + MRL + SCP. An ultradent model was placed on the specimen center, and then the resin composite was pressed and light-cured for 20 s. A mechanical testing device was used to evaluate the samples’ shear bond strength (SBS) scores. The debonded specimen areas were inspected under a stereomicroscope to identify the failure mechanisms. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and the significance level (p < 0.05) was set with Tukey’s test. The highest SBS values were in groups 2, 4 and 5, with values of 21.43 ± 1.93, 20.93 ± 1.46, and 22.02 ± 1.77 MPa, respectively. However, they were not statistically different (p > 0.05). Group 1 had the lowest SBS value by a significant amount (1.88 ± 1.01 MPa). All specimens in group 1 showed adhesive failures. Moreover, groups 2–5 found cohesive and mixed failures. In conclusion, morpholine and phosphoric acid effectively enhance bond strength. These results indicate that alternative surface modifications with morpholine for saliva-contaminated RBC-CAD/CAM materials can significantly improve the outcome. Full article
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16 pages, 3918 KiB  
Article
Improvements in Wettability and Tribological Behavior of Zirconia Artificial Teeth Using Surface Micro-Textures
by Yayun Liu, Guangjie Wang, Fanshuo Jia, Xue Jiang, Ning Jiang, Chuanyang Wang and Zhouzhou Lin
Materials 2025, 18(13), 3117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133117 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 319
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics are promising materials for restoration and are widely used in the field of artificial teeth. However, wear resistance affects the longevity of artificial teeth. In this study, peacock tail feather micro-textures and groove micro-textures are prepared on the surfaces of zirconia [...] Read more.
Zirconia ceramics are promising materials for restoration and are widely used in the field of artificial teeth. However, wear resistance affects the longevity of artificial teeth. In this study, peacock tail feather micro-textures and groove micro-textures are prepared on the surfaces of zirconia ceramics via the laser ablation technique to improve their tribological properties. The effects of micro-textures on the surface wettability and tribological properties of zirconia ceramics are studied. The micro-textures improve the surface wettability and tribological properties of zirconia ceramics. The average coefficient of friction of peacock tail feather micro-textured samples decreases by 53% compared to that of the samples without micro-textures. Different operating conditions affect the friction properties of zirconia ceramics. The samples have the best friction performance when the rotational speed, load, and acid/alkaline environment are 200 r/min, 15 N, and weakly alkaline, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism by which surface micro-textures reduce frictional wear is as follows: the textured grooves store debris, and the bottom edge of the textured groove acts as a cutting tool to cut debris, preventing debris from scratching the surface. The micro-textures store lubricant and form a liquid film on the ceramic surface to reduce wear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials)
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4 pages, 160 KiB  
Editorial
Ceramic Dental Restorations—From Materials Sciences to Applications
by Han Chao Chang and Satoshi Yamaguchi
Materials 2025, 18(13), 3116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133116 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 283
Abstract
In response to the growing demand from patients for enhanced oral aesthetics, as well as improved chewing and occlusion, coupled with advancements in CAD/CAM technology, a variety of dental ceramic materials have been developed over the past two decades to serve as alternatives [...] Read more.
In response to the growing demand from patients for enhanced oral aesthetics, as well as improved chewing and occlusion, coupled with advancements in CAD/CAM technology, a variety of dental ceramic materials have been developed over the past two decades to serve as alternatives to traditional alloys and pure metals [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Dental Restorations: From Materials Sciences to Applications)
22 pages, 20537 KiB  
Article
Er:YAG Laser Applications for Debonding Different Ceramic Restorations: An In Vitro Study
by Ruxandra Elena Luca, Anișoara Giumancă-Borozan, Iosif Hulka, Ioana-Roxana Munteanu, Carmen Darinca Todea and Mariana Ioana Miron
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071189 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Conventional methods for removing cemented fixed prosthetic restorations (FPRs) are unreliable and lead to unsatisfactory outcomes. At their best, they allow the tooth to be saved at the expense of a laborious process that also wears down rotating tools [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Conventional methods for removing cemented fixed prosthetic restorations (FPRs) are unreliable and lead to unsatisfactory outcomes. At their best, they allow the tooth to be saved at the expense of a laborious process that also wears down rotating tools and handpieces and occasionally results in abutment fractures. Restorations are nearly never reusable in any of these situations. Erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) and erbium-chromium yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers casafely and effectively remove FPRs, according to scientific studiesre. This study sets out to examine the impact of Er:YAG laser radiation on the debonding of different ceramic restorations, comparing the behavior of various ceramic prosthetic restoration types under laser radiation action and evaluating the integrity of prosthetic restorations and dental surfaces exposed to laser radiation. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 16 removed teeth, each prepared on opposite surfaces as abutments.y. Based on the previously defined groups, four types of ceramic restorations were included in the study: feldspathic (F), lithium disilicates (LD), layered zirconia (LZ), and monolithic zirconia (MZ). The thickness of the prosthetic restorations was measured at three points, and two different materials were used for cementation. The Er:YAG Fotona StarWalker MaQX laser was used to debond the ceramic FPR at a distance of 10 mm using an R14 sapphire tip with 275 mJ, 20 Hz, 5.5 W, with air cooling (setting 1 of 9) and water. After debonding, the debonded surface was visualized under electron microscopy. Results: A total of 23 ceramic FPRs were debonded, of which 12 were intact and the others fractured into two or three pieces. The electron microscopy images showed that debonding took place without causing any harm to the tooth structure. The various restoration types had the following success rates: 100% for the LZ and F groups, 87% for the LD group, and 0% for the MZ group. In terms of cement type, debonding ceramic FPRs cemented with RELYX was successful 75% of the time, compared to Variolink DC’s 69% success rate. Conclusions: In summary, the majority of ceramic prosthetic restorations can be successfully and conservatively debonded with Er:YAG radiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Dental Medicine, Oral Anesthesiology and Surgery)
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12 pages, 1030 KiB  
Article
3D Printed Posterior Connector Dimensions’ Effect on Fracture Properties of Provisional Two-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses
by Turki S. Alkhallagi, Manal A. Alqahtani and Thamer Y. Marghalani
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 7171; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137171 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 390
Abstract
This in vitro study aims to investigate the fracture properties of 3D-printed resin provisional material designed with different connector dimensions for two-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). The master model was digitally designed following Shillingburg’s all-ceramic restoration tooth preparation guidelines and milled from aluminum. [...] Read more.
This in vitro study aims to investigate the fracture properties of 3D-printed resin provisional material designed with different connector dimensions for two-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). The master model was digitally designed following Shillingburg’s all-ceramic restoration tooth preparation guidelines and milled from aluminum. Four two-unit FDPs with different connector dimensions were designed: 2 × 3 mm, 3 × 3 mm, 3 × 4 mm, and 4 × 4 mm (width × length) (Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively; n = 10 for each group). These specimens were printed using 3D-printed resin material (Detax FREEPRINT® temp). Forty specimens were subjected to a three-point test using a universal testing machine until fracture. The failure mode was examined under a stereomicroscope. The Kruskal–Wallis test at α = 0.05 revealed non-significant differences in fracture resistance load but significantly different elastic modulus, yield strength, and compressive strength (p = 0.061, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) among the different groups. The 2 × 3 mm connectors had higher means of modulus, yield strength, and compressive strength compared to the other groups. The study found that the maximum load causing fractures in 3D-printed provisional material connectors was consistent, regardless of connector cross-section variations. The 2 × 3 mm group performed best, while the 4 × 4 mm group performed worst. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Materials Dentistry II)
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12 pages, 1264 KiB  
Article
Chameleon Effect of Universal Shade Composite Polymers in Repairing CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate
by Gaetano Paolone, Giacomo Collivasone, Niccolò De Masi, Alicia Heinichen, Katia Greco, Enrico Gherlone and Giuseppe Cantatore
Materials 2025, 18(13), 3020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133020 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 398
Abstract
The aim was to assess the blending effect of universal-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) (Omnichroma—OC; Clearfil Majesty Universal–CM; Venus Pearl—V; Transcend—T) used for repair for lithium disilicate blocks. Fifteen parallelepiped-shaped (10.5 × 10.5 × 3 mm) specimens with four cavities (3 mm in diameter [...] Read more.
The aim was to assess the blending effect of universal-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) (Omnichroma—OC; Clearfil Majesty Universal–CM; Venus Pearl—V; Transcend—T) used for repair for lithium disilicate blocks. Fifteen parallelepiped-shaped (10.5 × 10.5 × 3 mm) specimens with four cavities (3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) were designed from lithium disilicate CAD/CAM blocks (CEREC Tessera HT A3) and milled. Specimens were then randomly divided into five groups based on the five resin composite materials for cavity restoration (n = 12): Group 1, control group (F); Group 2 (T); Group 3 (OC); Group 4 (V); and Group 5 (CM). After surface conditioning, composite resins were applied to the ceramic surface. Color measurements were taken with a colorimeter in the center of the resin restoration and on the CAD/CAM block. Tristimulus values were converted to CIELab color coordinates and color differences were expressed in ΔE00 units using the CIEDE-2000 formula. F showed significantly better color matching (ΔE00 = 2.51 ± 0.64) in comparison to single-shade RBCs except T (ΔE00 = 2.55 ± 0.64). All groups exceeded perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. The control group presented higher color matching than the single shade universal composites except for Transcend. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research in Restorative Dental Materials)
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14 pages, 2260 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Zirconia Material and the Height of the Ceramic Coping on the Strength of Hybrid Ti-Ceramic Abutments
by Aikaterini Anastasaki, Pranit Bora, Stefanos Kourtis and Chin Chuan Fu
Dent. J. 2025, 13(7), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13070284 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 396
Abstract
The existing scientific literature lacks comprehensive information regarding the influence of zirconia crown height on debonding and fracture of the ceramic restorations on titanium base abutments. Additionally, there is a lack of comparative studies evaluating different types of zirconia as restorative options for [...] Read more.
The existing scientific literature lacks comprehensive information regarding the influence of zirconia crown height on debonding and fracture of the ceramic restorations on titanium base abutments. Additionally, there is a lack of comparative studies evaluating different types of zirconia as restorative options for screw-retained restorations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the fracture strength and the failure modes of the zirconia crown/titanium abutment complex by investigating the impact of increasing the height of zirconia crown and comparing different types of zirconia (3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia and translucent 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia). Materials and Methods: Six groups of 10 specimens in each group were fabricated. Three groups of specimens (groups # 1, 2, and 3) were fabricated from 3Y zirconia in corresponding heights of 8, 10, and 12 mm. Three more groups (groups # 4, 5, and 6) were fabricated from 5Y zirconia in the same heights (8, 10 and 12 mm). All copings were bonded to 4 mm high titanium base abutments using dual-polymerization resin cement. The specimens underwent load cycling of 100,000 cycles with a force of 100 N. Subsequently, the specimens were loaded to compression until fracture and the failure mode was visually evaluated. Results: Statistically significant differences in fracture strength were noted among all tested groups. Conclusions: 3Y zirconia showed increased strength compared to 5Y in all heights. Ceramic copings with lower height showed increased strength compared to higher copings in both tested zirconia materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Materials Design and Innovative Treatment Approach)
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14 pages, 1955 KiB  
Article
Adhesive Performance of Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate Maryland Cantilever Restorations on Prepared and Non-Prepared Abutment Teeth: An In Vitro Comparative Study
by Tareq Hajaj, Ioana Elena Lile, Radu Marcel Negru, Serban Talpos Niculescu, Sami Stuparu, Mihai Rominu, Cosmin Sinescu, Paul Albu, Florina Titihazan and Ioana Veja
Biomimetics 2025, 10(7), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10070413 - 21 Jun 2025
Viewed by 470
Abstract
Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the adhesive performance of zirconia and lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations on prepared and non-prepared anterior abutment teeth. While conventional clinical protocols involve abutment tooth preparation, no-preparation (no-prep) restorations have emerged as a viable, minimally [...] Read more.
Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the adhesive performance of zirconia and lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations on prepared and non-prepared anterior abutment teeth. While conventional clinical protocols involve abutment tooth preparation, no-preparation (no-prep) restorations have emerged as a viable, minimally invasive alternative. This study compared the adhesion fracture resistance (N) of zirconia restorations on non-prepared enamel surfaces with those on prepared surfaces exposing the dentin. Additionally, the zirconia restorations were compared with lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations, a more common yet costly alternative. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted anterior teeth were allocated into four groups based on preparation type (prepared vs. non-prepared) and material (zirconia vs. lithium disilicate). Each group received cantilevered single-unit FPDs fabricated via CAD/CAM and adhesively cemented using Variolink® Esthetic DC. Standardized loading was applied using a universal testing machine, and the fracture resistance was recorded. Results: The fracture resistance ranged from 190 to 447 N in the zirconia groups and from 219 to 412 N in the lithium disilicate groups. When comparing all the zirconia versus all the lithium disilicate ceramic restorations, regardless of tooth preparation, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.752). However, the non-prepared restorations exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance than their prepared counterparts (p = 0.004 for zirconia; p = 0.012 for lithium disilicate ceramic). All the failures were attributed to tooth fracture, except one zirconia restoration, with no debonding observed. Conclusions: Both zirconia and lithium disilicate Maryland cantilever restorations demonstrated reliable adhesive performance when bonded using appropriate surface conditioning and adhesive protocols. Interestingly, the non-prepared designs exhibited higher fracture resistance than the prepared abutments, highlighting their potential advantage in minimally invasive restorative dentistry. Zirconia Maryland bridges, in particular, represent a cost-effective and mechanically resilient option for anterior single-tooth replacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic Bonded Restorations for Dental Applications: 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 988 KiB  
Article
An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Ceramic Material, Surface Treatment, and Adhesive Cement on Shear Bond Strength in Prosthodontics
by Izabella Éva Mureșan, Diana Cerghizan, Attila Gergely, Rudolf-László Farmos, László Jakab-Farkas, John-Jason Șimon, Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé, Dóra-Anna Giliga, Esztella Éva Kis, Kinga Mária Jánosi and Krisztina Mártha
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071118 - 20 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ensuring the optimal shear bond strength (SBS) is essential for the long-term success of prosthodontic restorations. Our in vitro study aimed to evaluate the SBS of three types of ceramics (feldspathic, alumina, and lithium disilicates) using three adhesive cements [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Ensuring the optimal shear bond strength (SBS) is essential for the long-term success of prosthodontic restorations. Our in vitro study aimed to evaluate the SBS of three types of ceramics (feldspathic, alumina, and lithium disilicates) using three adhesive cements (Variolink Esthetic LC, Variolink Esthetic DC, and Maxcem Elite). Materials and Methods: Healthy molars were prepared, and ceramic blocks were cemented following universally accepted luting protocols. SBS tests were performed using a custom-made testing machine. A multiple linear regression model assessed the effects of ceramic type, surface treatment, and luting agent on SBS. Results: The regression model explained 61.3% of the variation in SBS values (R2 = 0.613); the adjusted R2 = 0.605 confirmed the model’s robustness. The global F-test was statistically significant (F = 78.96, p < 0.001). The total-etch technique (+4.47), the use of feldspathic ceramic, and 5% hydrofluoric acid treatment (+3.28) significantly affected SBS. Feldspathic ceramic and lithium disilicate showed superior performance against alumina. Light-cured and self-cured cement showed negative effects. Conclusions: Ceramic material and cement type have combined effects on SBS. Optimal results were obtained with the total-etch technique, feldspathic ceramic, 5% hydrofluoric acid treatment, and dual-cured cement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Dental Medicine, Oral Anesthesiology and Surgery)
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