Search Results (113)

Background: The integration of digital imaging tools in dentistry has transformed clinical workflows, diagnostic accuracy, and patient outcomes. However, less attention has been given to how these tools influence dentists’ self-reported outcomes, including clinical confidence, efficiency, perceived treatment quality, communication, and professional satisfaction. This article aimed at assessing AI-powered digital tools in dentistry and their self-reported impact on dental practitioners’ activity and treatment outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive survey was distributed to 126 dental professionals of different genders, ages, years of experience, and types of dental practice to assess their experiences and attitudes towards AI applications in diagnostics and treatment planning, as well as how patients and dentists perceive the benefits and challenges associated with digital dentistry. Results: Digital photographs and CBCT were regarded as essential tools to have in clinical practice, in contrast with intraoral scanners. However, barriers like high initial costs, specialty differences, and lack of formal training may influence the results. Conclusion: These findings suggest that when used appropriately, AI digital tools can significantly elevate the quality of clinical practice and professional fulfillment and underscore the importance of tailored training programs and supportive infrastructures to facilitate the effective integration of digital technologies in dental practice. Full article

Deep-sea navigation represents the future trend of maritime navigation; however, complex seakeeping conditions often lead to unconventional ship attitudes. Conventional calculation methods are insufficient for accurately assessing hull performance under heeled or extreme trim conditions. Drawing inspiration from Bonjean curve principles, this study proposes a Quasi-Bonjean (QB) method to compute ship performance elements in arbitrary attitudes. Specifically, the QB method first constructs longitudinally distributed hull sections from the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface model, then simulates arbitrary attitudes through dynamic waterplane adjustments, and finally calculates performance elements via sectional integration. Furthermore, an Adaptive Surface Tessellation (AST) method is proposed to optimize longitudinal section distribution by minimizing the number of stations while maintaining high geometric fidelity, thereby enhancing the computational efficiency of the QB method. Comparative experiments reveal that the AST-generated 100-station sections achieve computational precision comparable to 200-station uniform distributions under optimal conditions, and the performance elements calculated by the QB method under multi-attitude conditions meet International Association of Classification Societies accuracy thresholds, particularly excelling in the displacement and vertical center of buoyancy calculations. These findings confirm that the QB method effectively addresses the critical limitations of traditional hydrostatic tables, providing a theoretical foundation for analyzing damaged ship equilibrium and evaluating residual stability. Full article

Purpose: Assess mental health professionals’ attitudes regarding the timing and characteristics of therapeutic interventions for children whose parents have incurable cancer, and whether professionals would use artificial intelligence (AI) in these interventions. Methods: Professionals were surveyed about their therapeutic approaches to caring for children when parents have incurable cancer under different scenarios. Data from N = 294 (69% male, 72% white, 26% Latine, 56% rural or underserved communities) physicians, psychologists, social workers, hospital chaplains, community health workers, and others were analyzed. Attitudes surrounding the timing and characteristics of interventions across the parent’s cancer journey were compared, including how professionals believed interventions should attend to dimensions of the child or family, and if, how, and when AI technology could be introduced. Results: Across 10 dimensions of childhood, (1) the child’s premorbid exposure to traumatic events, (2) a surviving parent’s presence, and (3) the child’s age were important factors to consider when making mental health care decisions in this context. The professionals reported being more likely to introduce therapeutic resources as early as possible in the parent’s illness (i.e., upon diagnosis). Regarding the use of AI, 87% foresaw its role in supporting children’s mental health. While 93.2% agreed that a grieving child could be helped by interacting with an AI-generated likeness of the deceased parent, when AI’s use was contextualized in providing support for a child who lost a parent to cancer, only 49% believed AI was appropriate. The participants were conflicted over when AI could be first introduced, either upon a parent’s illness diagnosis (19.4%), during a parent’s treatment (19.0%), or as part of a parent’s hospice care (12.6%). None believed it to be appropriate following the loss of the parent to cancer. Conclusions: AI is increasingly present in children’s daily lives and quickly infiltrating health care with widely accessible mental health chatbots. Concerns about privacy, the accuracy of information, and the anthropomorphism of AI tools by children give professionals pause before introducing such technology. Proceeding with great caution is urged until more is known about the impact of AI on children’s mental health, grief, and psychological well-being in the context of parental cancer. Full article

Robotics plays a pivotal role in contemporary space missions, particularly in the development of robotic manipulators for operations in environments that are inaccessible to humans. In accordance with the trend of integrating multiple functionalities into a single system, this study evaluates the feasibility of using a robotic manipulator, termed a C-arm, for passive attitude control of a 1U CubeSat. A simplified multibody model of the CubeSat system was employed to assess the robotic arm’s functionality as a gravity gradient boom and subsequently as a passive magnetic control mechanism by utilising a permanent magnet at its extremity. The effectiveness of the C-arm as a gravitational boom is constrained by size and weight, as evidenced by the simulations; the pitch angle oscillated around ±40°, while roll and yaw angles varied up to 30° and 35°, respectively. Subsequent evaluations sought to enhance pointing accuracy through the utilisation of permanent magnets. However, the absence of dissipative forces resulted in attitude instabilities. In conclusion, the integration of a robotic arm into a 1U CubeSat for passive attitude control shows potential, especially for missions where pointing accuracy can tolerate a certain range, as is typical of CubeSat nanosatellite missions. Full article

Background/Objectives: The integration of digital technologies into dental education is becoming increasingly important, particularly in prosthodontics, where digital design tools offer enhanced precision and efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate second-year dental students’ perceptions regarding conventional versus digital design in prosthodontics, assessing their theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and attitudes toward these approaches. Methods: A total of 141 dental students enrolled in Faculty of Dentistry from “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, participated in an online survey consisting of 19 questions evaluating their understanding, preferences, attitudes, and expectations regarding digital and conventional prosthodontic workflows. Additionally, students’ practical exam grades and task completion times for both conventional and digital design methods were evaluated. Results: Participating students reported sufficient understanding of theoretical concepts in both conventional (92.9%) and digital design (91.5%). A significant proportion (78.7%) felt confident in their practical skills for conventional design, while 78% expressed the same for digital design. Statistically significant correlations indicated that students who believed digital design could replace conventional methods associated digital design with greater accuracy (p = 0.020), predictability (p = 0.048), and sustainability (p = 0.032). Students who believed they had acquired enough skills in digital design responded more frequently that the time allocation for digital design by the university was sufficient (p < 0.001). Moreover, students scored significantly higher in digital design practical exams compared to conventional design (p < 0.001). Task completion times were also shorter for digital workflows, further supporting their efficiency. Conclusions: The findings suggest that students are highly receptive to digital technologies in prosthodontics, favoring digital workflows over conventional techniques. These results highlight the need for continued integration of digital tools into dental curricula to enhance students’ competency and prepare them for modern clinical practice. Full article

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare education, offering innovative tools to enhance learning and clinical decision-making. AI-driven platforms like ChatGPT are increasingly integrated into pharmacy education, enabling students to access vast medical knowledge, refine decision-making skills, and simulate clinical scenarios. Objective: This study examines pharmacy students’ attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding ChatGPT’s use in clinical decision-making, evaluates its perceived benefits and limitations, and identifies factors influencing AI integration in pharmacy education. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 512 pharmacy students at King Khalid University. A structured questionnaire assessed demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: The majority (82.4%) supported AI integration in pharmacy education, while 74.6% believed that ChatGPT could enhance clinical decision-making. Primary applications included drug information retrieval (72.3%) and exam preparation (66.7%). However, concerns about AI accuracy (55.2%) and ethical implications were noted. Conclusions: Pharmacy students at King Khalid University exhibit positive attitudes toward AI, recognizing its educational benefits while acknowledging challenges. Addressing accuracy concerns and ethical considerations through structured AI training programs is essential to optimize AI’s role in pharmacy education and practice. Full article

Arithmetic competence is crucial for navigating modern society and maintaining independence. It relies on domain-general and domain-specific cognitive skills, as well as subjective factors. Given its importance, understanding how these factors shape adult arithmetic proficiency is essential. This study investigated demographic, cognitive, and subjective influences on various arithmetic skills throughout adulthood, including both younger and older individuals. In total, 134 adults aged 20–68 completed computerized tasks assessing simple calculations, exact and approximate complex calculations, and arithmetic principles, alongside neuropsychological testing and self-ratings on math anxiety, math self-concept, attitudes toward mathematics, and the frequency of engagement with numbers. The results indicate that accuracy varied by task, with approximate calculations being the most challenging. Self-ratings showed low math anxiety but moderate-to-high math self-concept, positive attitudes, and moderate engagement with numbers. Age correlated only with arithmetic principles; however, interference inhibition and engagement with numbers, not age, best predicted performance. Executive functions correlated solely with approximate calculations and arithmetic principles, while subjective measures were related to all arithmetic tasks. The regression analyses indicate strong interrelationships, particularly among calculation tasks. The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of arithmetic competence and suggest it remains stable in adulthood, with age-related declines only evident in arithmetic principles, likely due to declining executive functions. Full article

Background: Despite the widespread use of precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) by manufacturers, PAL is not always used consistently and can be a source of misinterpretation by consumers and allergists. Although its use is not specifically regulated in Canada, some voluntary guidelines exist. The aims of this study were to investigate allergic consumers’ and clinicians’ understanding of PAL, to describe consumers’ attitudes towards products with PAL, and to examine recommendations given by clinicians to their patients about these products. We also compared two groups of consumers enrolled in this study, since the majority of them (72%) were registered in the Food Allergy Canada database and the others (28%) came from representative consumers of the general population. Methods: An online survey was sent from 2 to 28 December 2021 to allergic consumers registered with Food Allergy Canada’s database and to a group of allergic consumers extracted from a panel representative of the general population and not registered with Food Allergy Canada (third-party panel). All consumer participants had a food allergy or were a parent/caregiver of a child with food allergy and had to be diagnosed by a medical professional. Considering that consumers registered via the Food Allergy Canada database could be more informed about labelling than the third-party consumer panel, we conducted a multivariate analysis (logistic regression) on the key variables related to PAL allowing to compare these two groups of participants. In addition, a separate online survey was sent to allergist members of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and provincial associations to investigate their understanding of PAL from 12 November 2021 to 16 January 2022. Results: A total of 1080 consumers and 63 allergists (29% of allergists in Canada) responded to the surveys. Fifty percent of consumers were adults with food allergy, and 50% were a parent/caregiver of a child with food allergy. Food allergy was diagnosed most commonly by an allergist in 76% of the cases. Fifty-four percent of consumers purchased products with a PAL statement at least occasionally, and more than half of consumers (53%) considered PAL a very useful tool. Most surveyed individuals (59%) had not heard of the term “individual allergen threshold” or had heard the term but did not know what it meant. The same allergic consumers were reluctant to buy food products with even a small amount of their allergen (i.e., a dose that would not trigger an allergic reaction in the vast majority of them). Half of allergists reported PAL was not useful in its current form, and 83% supported the consumption of foods with PAL to their patients in some circumstances. Conclusion: While most consumers are somewhat confident in the accuracy of ingredient information on pre-packaged foods, interpretation of PAL remains confusing by many allergic consumers. If changes are to be made based on allergen thresholds, a multi-stakeholder approach will be required with greater consumer and allergist education on risk assessment concepts to facilitate the implementation of allergen population thresholds into the application of PAL. Full article

Complementary filters are commonly used in low-cost AHRS systems. This article presents an algorithm for selecting the time constant of a complementary filter for AHRS systems. The AHRS and complementary filtering principles of operation are described, followed by a methodology for calibrating the filter. A simple method for acquiring calibration data is introduced, and these data are subsequently used in the proposed iterative algorithm for optimal time constant selection. The described method minimizes measurement errors and improves the accuracy of the system, ensuring operational stability. For the synthesis, data are recorded in a static position of the system at various pitch and roll angles. Next, the optimal time constant of the complementary filter is determined. The statistical properties of the attitude angles are then analyzed. The proposed methodology for system assessment and analysis is discussed. Full article

Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is extensively employed in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based real-time orbit determination (RTOD) for microsatellites due to its low complexity. However, the performance of EKF-RTOD is markedly degraded when the microsatellite deviates from a stable Earth-pointing attitude and employs a low-cost receiver. Factor graph optimization (FGO), which addresses nonlinear problems through multiple iterations and re-linearization, has demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness compared to EKF in challenging environments such as urban canyons. In this study, we introduce a novel FGO-based RTOD (FGO-RTOD) approach, which integrates state transfer factors to establish temporal connections between state nodes across multiple epochs. Real-time processing is achieved through a sliding window mechanism combined with marginalization. This paper evaluates the performance of the proposed algorithm in a regular scenario using data from GRACE-FO-A, which maintains the Earth-pointing attitude and employs a high-performance receiver. The positioning results of GRACE-FO-A indicate that FGO-RTOD marginally outperforms EKF-RTOD in accuracy. Furthermore, the performance of FGO-RTOD is assessed in challenging scenarios using simulation data and on-orbit data from Tianping-2B microsatellite, which is not in an Earth-pointing attitude and employs a low-cost receiver. The simulation results reveal that FGO-RTOD reduces the Root Mean Square (RMS) of positioning error by 79.0% relative to EKF-RTOD and exhibits significantly enhanced smoothing. In the Tianping-2B experiments, FGO-RTOD reduces the RMS of carrier-phase ionosphere-free combination residuals from 2 cm to 1 cm relative to EKF-RTOD, alongside a substantial improvement in the ratio of valid observations. These findings underscore the effectiveness of FGO-RTOD in managing outlier measurements in challenging scenarios. Full article

An electromagnetic launcher is a kind of rail symmetrical distribution launcher. When a symmetrical current is passed between the rails, the strong magnetic field is symmetrically distributed between the two rails. The bore parameters affect the efficiency and accuracy of the launcher. Launching accuracy is an important evaluation content for assessing the technical index of the electromagnetic launcher. In this paper, experiments were carried out to investigate the influence factors of the launching accuracy of a small-caliber electromagnetic launcher. The experimental results show that: (1) The consistency of the muzzle velocity increases with the increase of the rail separation. When the rail separation is 16 mm, the mean deviation of the muzzle velocity is the smallest, at 16.71, 15.72, and 10.77, respectively. When the rail separation is constant, the mean deviation of the muzzle velocity is 10.77, while the convex arc height is 1 mm. Increasing the rail separation and the convex arc height is beneficial to improving the consistency of the initial velocity. (2) When the rail separation is certain, increasing the convex arc height significantly improves the firing accuracy and firing intensity, and when the convex arc height increases from 0 mm to 1 mm, the firing intensity is reduced from 9.6 to 4.41, and the firing intensity decreases from 10.34 to 5.79, which significantly reduces the firing deviation and increases the muzzle consistency of the armature under repeated firing conditions. (3) The muzzle attitude is mainly affected by the effective mass ratio. Within a certain range, adding load can make the muzzle attitude of the integrated projectile more stable. However, when the load mass is too large, it will have a negative impact on the muzzle attitude. The results show that under the two cases of the effective mass ratio of 0.43 and 0.49, the integrated projectile has a better muzzle attitude. Full article

Introduction: Chronic neck pain is a prevalent condition that challenges physical therapists (PTs) due to its multifactorial etiology. Differential diagnosis is crucial for identifying the underlying causes and providing appropriate interventions. However, the extent to which PTs apply and understand differential diagnostic criteria remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of PTs in France regarding the differential diagnosis of chronic neck pain. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was designed to assess PTs’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and clinical application of differential diagnostic criteria in chronic neck pain. The survey was distributed nationwide and included questions regarding demographic data, theoretical knowledge, practical application, and perceived barriers. A total of 80 responses were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results revealed moderate levels of theoretical knowledge among participants, with 62% correctly identifying key criteria for differential diagnosis. However, only 45% reported consistently applying these criteria in clinical practice. Common barriers included time constraints (70%), lack of access to advanced diagnostic tools (55%), and insufficient training (40%). Attitudes towards the importance of differential diagnosis were predominantly positive, with 85% recognizing its relevance for improving patient outcomes. Conclusions: This study highlights a gap between PTs’ knowledge and the practical application of differential diagnosis criteria in chronic neck pain. Addressing barriers such as training and resource availability could enhance clinical practices. Future efforts should focus on integrating these competencies into professional development programs to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Full article

Objective: This study investigates alarm fatigue among ICU nurses in China and its influencing factors to optimize alarm management. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. In May 2022, electronic questionnaires were distributed to ICU nurses in Beijing tertiary hospitals, using the Chinese version of the alarm fatigue scale and equipment alarm records. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Results: Results showed an average alarm fatigue score of 20.70 ± 6.54 (out of 52), indicating a moderate-to-low level. Nurses’ self-assessed health, work attitude, alarm accuracy, and frequency of simultaneous alarms significantly influenced fatigue levels (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis identified five factors, with work intensity, mental health, false alarm rate, and job responsibility being significant predictors (95% CI excluded zero). Alarm records revealed an average of 621 daily alarms in ICUs, 93.93% from monitors, with a false alarm rate of 56.36%, and only 43.64% being valid. Conclusions: This study highlights the multi-factorial nature of alarm fatigue and the need to improve alarm systems and nurse support. Full article

Background: Social media platforms such as TikTok are significant sources of nutrition information for adolescents and young adults, who are vulnerable to unregulated, algorithm-driven content. This often spreads nutrition misinformation, impacting adolescent and young adult health and dietary behaviors. Objectives: While previous research has explored misinformation on other platforms, TikTok remains underexamined, so this study aimed at evaluating the landscape of nutrition-related content on TikTok. Methods: This study evaluated TikTok nutrition-related content by (1) identifying common nutrition topics and content creator types; (2) assessing the quality and accuracy of content using evidence-based frameworks, and (3) analyzing engagement metrics such as likes, comments, and shares. Results: The most common creators were health and wellness influencers (32%) and fitness creators (18%). Recipes (31%) and weight loss (34%) dominated the list of topics. When evaluating TikTok posts for quality, 82% of applicable posts lacked transparent advertising, 77% failed to disclose conflicts of interest, 63% promoted stereotypical attitudes, 55% did not provide evidence-based information, 75% lacked balanced and accurate content, and 90% failed to point out the risk and benefits of the advice presented. A total of 36% of posts were considered completely accurate, while 24% were mostly inaccurate, and 18% completely inaccurate. No statistical significance was associated between the level of accuracy or evidence and engagement metrics (p > 0.05). Conclusions: TikTok prioritizes engagement over accuracy, exposing adolescents to harmful nutrition misinformation. Stricter moderation and evidence-based nutrition content are essential to protect adolescent and young adult health. Future research should explore interventions to reduce the impact of misinformation on adolescent dietary behaviors and mental well-being. Full article

Background and Objectives. Suicide represents a primary global health concern, particularly among young individuals aged 15 to 29. Clinicians are actively engaged in efforts to prevent suicide and implement timely interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-reported measures in differentiating between adolescents exhibiting suicidal ideation (SI) only and those at risk or with a previous history of suicide attempts (SA). Methods. Seventy-eight adolescent patients (mean age: 15.53 ± 1.49) were classified into two groups using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Forty-five patients presented with SI but lacked a prior history of SA, while 33 adolescents had a documented history of either concrete or interrupted SA. Notably, all participants in the SA group also reported SI. Participants completed the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (MAST) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF) to assess protective and risk factors associated with suicidality, as well as perceived depression. Results. Attraction toward life (AL) exhibited a negative correlation with perceived depression in both groups, whereas attraction toward death (AD) was positively correlated with depression in the SA group. In the SI group, scores for repulsion by life (RL) demonstrated a positive correlation with depression. Furthermore, RL scores were significantly higher in the SA group. ROC analysis revealed good accuracy for both assessment tools in differentiating the two groups. Conclusions. The BDI-SF and MAST are effective instruments for identifying adolescents at risk for suicide and implementing tailored preventive and therapeutic interventions. The user-friendly nature and adaptability make those self-report measures useful in various settings, allowing administration without clinician involvement. Full article