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Keywords = atractylodin

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16 pages, 1674 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Atractylodin-Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Against Cholangiocarcinoma
by Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn, Luxsana Panrit and Kesara Na-Bangchang
Polymers 2025, 17(15), 2151; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152151 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highly prevalent in the Greater Mekong sub-region, especially northeastern Thailand, where infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a major etiological factor. Limited therapeutic options and the absence of reliable early diagnosis tools impede effective disease control. Atractylodes lancea [...] Read more.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highly prevalent in the Greater Mekong sub-region, especially northeastern Thailand, where infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a major etiological factor. Limited therapeutic options and the absence of reliable early diagnosis tools impede effective disease control. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.—long used in Thai and East Asian medicine, contains atractylodin (ATD), a potent bioactive compound with anticancer potential. Here, we developed ATD-loaded poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (ATD PLGA NPs) and evaluated their antitumor efficacy against CCA. The formulated nanoparticles had a mean diameter of 229.8 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 83%, and exhibited biphasic, sustained release, reaching a cumulative release of 92% within seven days. In vitro, ATD-PLGA NPs selectively reduced the viability of CL-6 and HuCCT-1 CCA cell lines, with selectivity indices (SI) of 3.53 and 2.61, respectively, outperforming free ATD and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). They suppressed CL-6 cell migration and invasion by up to 90% within 12 h and induced apoptosis in 83% of cells through caspase-3/7 activation. Micronucleus assays showed lower mutagenic potential than the positive control. In vivo, ATD-PLGA NPs dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in CCA-xenografted nude mice; the high-dose regimen matched or exceeded the efficacy of 5-FU. Gene expression analysis revealed significant downregulation of pro-tumorigenic factors (VEGF, MMP-9, TGF-β, TNF-α, COX-2, PGE2, and IL-6) and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Collectively, these results indicate that ATD-PLGA NPs are a promising nanotherapeutic platform for targeted CCA treatment, offering improved anticancer potency, selectivity, and safety compared to conventional therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
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15 pages, 3116 KiB  
Article
Immunomodulatory Effects of Atractylodes lancea in Healthy Volunteers with Dosage Prediction for Cholangiocarcinoma Therapy: A Modelling Approach
by Teerachat Saeheng, Juntra Karbwang and Kesara Na-bangchang
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(2), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020198 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Background and Aims: According to a recent study on the immunomodulatory activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) in healthy Thai subjects, AL significantly inhibited the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines while stimulating the production of immune cells. However, no maximum tolerated [...] Read more.
Background and Aims: According to a recent study on the immunomodulatory activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) in healthy Thai subjects, AL significantly inhibited the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines while stimulating the production of immune cells. However, no maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and phase 2A dosage regimens were reported. The study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) in healthy subjects, and to recommend optimal dose regimens for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) based on toxicity criteria. Methods: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, combined with the toxicological approach and the immunomodulatory effect, was used for dose-finding. The safety and efficacy of each AL regimen were evaluated based on the previous study. At least a once-daily dose of 1000 mg AL significantly suppressed the production of all pro-inflammatory cytokines while significantly increasing the number of peripheral immune cells. Results: The developed PBPK model predicted the clinically observed data well. No significant differences in SII index values were found, but a difference in the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio was found on day 4. The dosage regimen for phase 2A is a once-daily dose of 1500 or 2000 mg. Preliminary results in phase 2A revealed that a once-daily dose of 2000 mg had a significantly higher median overall survival, progression-free survival, disease control rate, and inhibition of increased tumor size without toxicities compared with control. Conclusions: A PBPK model, in conjunction with a toxicological approach, could assist in finding the potential dosage regimens for a clinical study, including herbal medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products)
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17 pages, 7732 KiB  
Article
Allochthonous Trichoderma Isolates Boost Atractylodes lancea Herb Quality at the Cost of Rhizome Growth
by Kuo Li, Huaibin Lin, Xiuzhi Guo, Sheng Wang, Hongyang Wang, Tielin Wang, Zheng Peng, Yuefeng Wang and Lanping Guo
J. Fungi 2024, 10(5), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10050351 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb whose rhizome (AR) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with immense market demand. The cultivation of Atractylodes lancea faces outbreaks of root rot and deterioration in herb quality due to complex causes. Here, we investigated the effects of Trichoderma [...] Read more.
Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb whose rhizome (AR) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with immense market demand. The cultivation of Atractylodes lancea faces outbreaks of root rot and deterioration in herb quality due to complex causes. Here, we investigated the effects of Trichoderma spp., well-known biocontrol agents and plant-growth-promoters, on ARs. We isolated Trichoderma strains from healthy ARs collected in different habitats and selected three T. harzianum strains (Th2, Th3 and Th4) with the strongest antagonizing effects on root rot pathogens (Fusarium spp.). We inoculated geo-authentic A. lancea plantlets with Th2, Th3 and Th4 and measured the biomass and quality of 70-day-old ARs. Th2 and Th3 promoted root rot resistance of A. lancea. Th2, Th3 and Th4 all boosted AR quality: the concentration of the four major medicinal compounds in ARs (atractylon, atractylodin, hinesol and β-eudesmol) each increased 1.6- to 18.2-fold. Meanwhile, however, the yield of ARs decreased by 0.58- to 0.27-fold. Overall, Th3 dramatically increased the quality of ARs at a relatively low cost, namely lower yield, showing great potential for practical application. Our results showed selectivity between A. lancea and allochthonous Trichoderma isolates, indicating the importance of selecting specific microbial patches for herb cultivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology)
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11 pages, 1421 KiB  
Article
Modulatory Effects of Atractylodin and β-Eudesmol on Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Potential Drug-Drug Interactions
by Artitaya Thiengsusuk, Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn and Kesara Na-Bangchang
Molecules 2023, 28(7), 3140; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073140 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
Atractylodin and β-eudesmol, the major bioactive compounds in Atractylodes lancea, are promising candidates for anti-cholangiocarcinoma. The inhibitory effects of both compounds on human rCYP1A2, rCYP2C9, rCYP2C19, rCYP2D6 and rCYP3A4 enzymes were investigated using luminogenic CYP450 kits. The modulatory effects were investigated in [...] Read more.
Atractylodin and β-eudesmol, the major bioactive compounds in Atractylodes lancea, are promising candidates for anti-cholangiocarcinoma. The inhibitory effects of both compounds on human rCYP1A2, rCYP2C9, rCYP2C19, rCYP2D6 and rCYP3A4 enzymes were investigated using luminogenic CYP450 kits. The modulatory effects were investigated in mouse livers following a daily oral dose of atractylodin or β-eudesmol at 100 mg/kg body weight for 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. The inhibitory effects of both compounds on all rCYP450s were weak (IC50: 167 to >686 µM). β-Eudesmol showed the most potent inhibitory effect on rCYP2C19 (IC50 = 172.7 µM) and rCYP3A4 (IC50 = 218.6 µM). Results of the ex vivo study showed that short exposure (1–7 days) of atractylodin and β-eudesmol resulted in the upregulation of mRNA. Prolonged exposure to the daily oral dose for at least 14 days significantly downregulated the expressions of mRNA and proteins, which correlated with the decrease in the activities of mCYP1A2 and mCYP3A11. Based on the results of the ex vivo study, clinical uses of atractylodin or β-eudesmol for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma are of concern for the risk of toxicity due to hCYP3A4 inhibition following chronic dosing, as well as the metabolic interaction with the coadministered drugs that are metabolized by hCYP3A4. Full article
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12 pages, 3475 KiB  
Article
Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated Atractylodes lancea by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis
by Baohong Song, Wei Wang, Ruipeng Liu, Jinjin Cai, Yuanyuan Jiang, Xuemei Tang, Hongfei Wu, Hui Ao and Lu Chen
Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2216; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052216 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (RAL) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that has been applied in clinical settings for thousands of years. In the past two decades, cultivated RAL has gradually replaced wild RAL and become mainstream in clinical practice. The [...] Read more.
The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (RAL) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that has been applied in clinical settings for thousands of years. In the past two decades, cultivated RAL has gradually replaced wild RAL and become mainstream in clinical practice. The quality of CHM is significantly influenced by its geographical origin. To date, limited studies have compared the composition of cultivated RAL from different geographical origins. As essential oil is the primary active component of RAL, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemical pattern recognition was first applied to compare the essential oil of RAL (RALO) from different regions in China. Total ion chromatography (TIC) revealed that RALO from different origins had a similar composition; however, the relative content of the main compounds varied significantly. In addition, 26 samples obtained from various regions were divided into three categories by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Combined with the geographical location and chemical composition analysis, the producing regions of RAL were classified into three areas. The main compounds of RALO vary depending on the production areas. Furthermore, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences in six compounds, including modephene, caryophyllene, γ-elemene, atractylon, hinesol, and atractylodin, between the three areas. Hinesol, atractylon, and β-eudesmol were selected as the potential markers for distinguishing different areas by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In conclusion, by combining GC-MS with chemical pattern recognition analysis, this research has identified the chemical variations across various producing areas and developed an effective method for geographic origin tracking of cultivated RAL based on essential oils. Full article
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10 pages, 1646 KiB  
Article
Atractylodin Ameliorates Colitis via PPARα Agonism
by Gwangbeom Heo, Yuju Kim, Eun-La Kim, Soyeong Park, Sang Hoon Rhee, Jee H. Jung and Eunok Im
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010802 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
Atractylodin is a major compound in the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, an oriental herbal medicine used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, nausea, and diarrhea. Recent studies have shown that atractylodin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated [...] Read more.
Atractylodin is a major compound in the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, an oriental herbal medicine used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, nausea, and diarrhea. Recent studies have shown that atractylodin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases. Herein, we investigated the anti-colitis effects of atractylodin and its molecular targets. We determined the non-cytotoxic concentration of atractylodin (50 μM) using a cell proliferation assay in colonic epithelial cells. We found that pretreatment with atractylodin significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B in HCT116 cells. Through docking simulation analysis, luciferase assays, and in vitro binding assays, we found that atractylodin has an affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Daily administration of atractylodin (40 mg/kg) increased the survival rate of mice in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model. Thus, atractylodin can be a good strategy for colitis therapy through inducing PPARα-dependent pathways. Full article
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15 pages, 6652 KiB  
Article
Atractylodin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits the Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways
by Tong Zhang, Shu-Mei Li, Yan-Nan Li, Jing-Long Cao, Hui Xue, Chang Wang and Cheng-Hao Jin
Molecules 2022, 27(9), 2946; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092946 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3504
Abstract
Atractylodin (ATR) has anticancer effects on some tumor cells by inducing apoptosis, but its mechanism in lung cancer remains unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ATR on A549 lung cancer cells. Cell viability was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, [...] Read more.
Atractylodin (ATR) has anticancer effects on some tumor cells by inducing apoptosis, but its mechanism in lung cancer remains unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ATR on A549 lung cancer cells. Cell viability was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and results showed that ATR could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Results showed that the effect of ATR on the apoptosis of A549 cells was negatively correlated with the change in mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis showed that ATR regulated apoptosis induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. Analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and cell migration showed that ATR induced intracellular ROS accumulation as an initiation signal to induce cell cycle arrest regulated by the AKT signaling pathway and cell migration inhibition regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Results showed that ATR can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and inhibit the migration of A549 cells (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Biology)
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15 pages, 2346 KiB  
Article
Atractylodin Suppresses TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
by Kai-Wei Chang, Xiang Zhang, Shih-Chao Lin, Yu-Chao Lin, Chia-Hsiang Li, Ivan Akhrymuk, Sheng-Hao Lin and Chi-Chien Lin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(20), 11152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011152 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4174
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by fibrotic change in alveolar epithelial cells and leads to the irreversible deterioration of pulmonary function. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in type 2 lung epithelial cells contributes to excessive collagen deposition and plays [...] Read more.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by fibrotic change in alveolar epithelial cells and leads to the irreversible deterioration of pulmonary function. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in type 2 lung epithelial cells contributes to excessive collagen deposition and plays an important role in IPF. Atractylodin (ATL) is a kind of herbal medicine that has been proven to protect intestinal inflammation and attenuate acute lung injury. Our study aimed to determine whether EMT played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and whether EMT can be utilized as a therapeutic target by ATL treatment to mitigate IPF. To address this topic, we took two steps to investigate: 1. Utilization of anin vitro EMT model by treating alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) with TGF-β1 followed by ATL treatment for elucidating the underlying pathways, including Smad2/3 hyperphosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway overexpression, Snail and Slug upregulation, and loss of E-cadherin. Utilization of an in vivo lung injury model by treating bleomycin on mice followed by ATL treatment to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness, such as, less collagen deposition and lower E-cadherin expression. In conclusion, ATL attenuates TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Full article
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12 pages, 12298 KiB  
Article
Atractylodin Produces Antinociceptive Effect through a Long-Lasting TRPA1 Channel Activation
by Hirosato Kanda, Yanjing Yang, Shaoqi Duan, Yoko Kogure, Shenglan Wang, Emiko Iwaoka, Miku Ishikawa, Saki Takeda, Hidemi Sonoda, Kyoka Mizuta, Shunji Aoki, Satoshi Yamamoto, Koichi Noguchi and Yi Dai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(7), 3614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073614 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3397
Abstract
Atractylodin (ATR) is a bioactive component found in dried rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea (AL) De Candolle. Although AL has accumulated empirical evidence for the treatment of pain, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-pain effect of ATR remains unclear. In this study, we found [...] Read more.
Atractylodin (ATR) is a bioactive component found in dried rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea (AL) De Candolle. Although AL has accumulated empirical evidence for the treatment of pain, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-pain effect of ATR remains unclear. In this study, we found that ATR increases transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) single-channel activity in hTRPA1 expressing HEK293 cells. A bath application of ATR produced a long-lasting calcium response, and the response was completely diminished in the dorsal root ganglion neurons of TRPA1 knockout mice. Intraplantar injection of ATR evoked moderate and prolonged nociceptive behavior compared to the injection of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Systemic application of ATR inhibited AITC-induced nociceptive responses in a dose-dependent manner. Co-application of ATR and QX-314 increased the noxious heat threshold compared with AITC in vivo. Collectively, we concluded that ATR is a unique agonist of TRPA1 channels, which produces long-lasting channel activation. Our results indicated ATR-mediated anti-nociceptive effect through the desensitization of TRPA1-expressing nociceptors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TRPA1 Channel)
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14 pages, 2283 KiB  
Article
Screening of Molecular Targets of Action of Atractylodin in Cholangiocarcinoma by Applying Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches
by Kanawut Kotawong, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Narumon Phaonakrop and Kesara Na-Bangchang
Metabolites 2019, 9(11), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110260 - 1 Nov 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3738
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is cancer of the bile duct and the highest incidence of CCA in the world is reported in Thailand. Our previous in vitro and in vivo studies identified Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) D.C. as a promising candidate for CCA treatment. The present [...] Read more.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is cancer of the bile duct and the highest incidence of CCA in the world is reported in Thailand. Our previous in vitro and in vivo studies identified Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) D.C. as a promising candidate for CCA treatment. The present study aimed to examine the molecular targets of action of atractylodin, the bioactive compound isolated from A. lancea, in CCA cell line by applying proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Intra- and extracellular proteins and metabolites were identified by LC-MS/MS following exposure of CL-6, the CCA cell line, to atractylodin for 24 and 48 h. Analysis of the protein functions and pathways involved was performed using a Venn diagram, PANTHER, and STITCH software. Analysis of the metabolite functions and pathways involved, including the correlation between proteins and metabolites identified was performed using MetaboAnalyst software. Results suggested the involvement of atractylodin in various cell biology processes. These include the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, immune response regulation, wound healing, blood vessel development, pyrimidine metabolism, the citrate cycle, purine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Therefore, it was proposed that the action of atractylodin may involve the destruction of the DNA of cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Full article
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15 pages, 2473 KiB  
Article
Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba Attenuates Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglia upon LPS Stimulation by Inducing HO-1 Activity and Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK
by Yun Hee Jeong, Wei Li, Younghoon Go and You-Chang Oh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(16), 4015; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164015 - 17 Aug 2019
Cited by 51 | Viewed by 5614
Abstract
Microglial activation and the resulting neuroinflammation are associated with a variety of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Thus, the control of microglial activation is an important factor in the development of drugs that can treat or prevent inflammation-related neurodegenerative [...] Read more.
Microglial activation and the resulting neuroinflammation are associated with a variety of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Thus, the control of microglial activation is an important factor in the development of drugs that can treat or prevent inflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders. Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (ARA) has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of ARA ethanolic extract (ARAE) on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we explored the anti-neuroinflammatory properties and underlying molecular mechanisms of ARAE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. Our results showed that ARAE significantly attenuates the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. ARAE treatment also inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 without causing cytotoxicity. ARAE markedly attenuated the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation, and induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that ARAE contains three main components—atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III, and atractylodin—all compounds that significantly inhibit the production of inflammatory factors. These findings indicate that ARAE may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
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2 pages, 563 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Chae, H.S.; et al. Atractylodin Inhibits Interleukin-6 by Blocking NPM-ALK Activation and MAPKs in HMC-1. Molecules 2016, 21, 1169
by Hee-Sung Chae, Young-Mi Kim and Young-Won Chin
Molecules 2016, 21(10), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101412 - 25 Oct 2016
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3474
Abstract
The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [1].[...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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11 pages, 2876 KiB  
Article
Atractylodin Inhibits Interleukin-6 by Blocking NPM-ALK Activation and MAPKs in HMC-1
by Hee-Sung Chae, Young-Mi Kim and Young-Won Chin
Molecules 2016, 21(9), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21091169 - 2 Sep 2016
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 7564 | Correction
Abstract
Atractylodin is one of the major constituents of the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, which is widely used in Korean traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers. Despite of a major constituent of widely used botanical to [...] Read more.
Atractylodin is one of the major constituents of the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, which is widely used in Korean traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers. Despite of a major constituent of widely used botanical to treat inflammatory responses little is known about anti-inflammatory effect of atractylodin in the human mast cell (HMC-1). Hence, we evaluated the effect of atractylodin on the release of IL-6, the involvement of nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and A23187-induced HMC-1. In addition, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 1, and AKT phosphorylation relevant to NPM-ALK signal pathway were assessed. IL-6 levels in the HMC-1 stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and A23187 were apparently decreased by the treatment of atractylodin. Concurrently, atractylodin not only inhibited the phosphorylation of NPM-ALK, but also suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, PLC gamma 1, and AKT. Furthermore, the activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and A23187 were inhibited by atractylodin. These results suggested that atractylodin might have a potential regulatory effect on inflammatory mediator expression through blockade of both the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the NPM-ALK signaling pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products and Inflammation)
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