Search Results (110)

Waterborne poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) adhesives are widely used in iodine-based polarizers, owing to their excellent transparency and interfacial adhesion. However, the intrinsic hydrophilicity of PVA compromises the long-term durability of polarizers under humid conditions. Herein, graphene derivatives with tunable oxygen contents and graphitization degrees, including graphene oxide (GO), partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene nanosheets (GNs), were incorporated into a PVA/PEI adhesive system to investigate the oxygen-content-dependent interfacial interactions and moisture-barrier mechanisms. Structural analyses reveal that oxygen-rich GO enhances interfacial hydrogen bonding and polymer–graphene interactions, whereas highly graphitized GN primarily functions through its intrinsic lamellar barrier effect by increasing diffusion tortuosity and reducing water affinity. The rGO exhibits a compromise between interfacial interactions and barrier effects due to its moderate oxygen content and preserved graphene structure. Among them, the GN-modified adhesive demonstrates the most favorable overall performances, achieving a 14.71% reduction in the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the assembled polarizer, enhanced moisture resistance, and improved antistatic capability while maintaining acceptable optical transparency. Furthermore, practical polarizer evaluations confirm that GN effectively suppresses moisture penetration, with only slight bubbling observed after 8 days of water immersion and no delamination or polarization degradation during a 40-day immersion test. These findings provide insights into the relationship between graphene oxygen content, interfacial interactions, and moisture-barrier behavior, offering an effective strategy for designing durable multifunctional waterborne adhesives for advanced optoelectronic polarizer applications. Full article

This study aims to develop sustainable conductive nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (G), focusing on their multifunctional performance. The novelty lies in the production of hybrid nanocomposites based on PLA/PCL blends with MWCNT/G using conventional industrial processing techniques, enabling the development of eco-friendly nanocomposites with tailored electrical, mechanical, and electromagnetic properties. The nanocomposites were prepared by twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding. Rheological, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic shielding properties were systematically evaluated. From a rheological perspective, the PLA/PCL/MWCNT and PLA/PCL/MWCNT/G nanocomposites exhibited a plateau at low frequencies, associated with the formation of a percolated network. This was confirmed by the significant increase in electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding response. The morphology observed by SEM showed a refinement of the PCL phase in the PLA matrix with the incorporation of MWCNT. The PLA/PCL/MWCNT/G (4/2 parts per hundred resin, phr) nanocomposite showed a 309% increase in impact strength compared to neat PLA, while maintaining the heat deflection temperature (HDT). The elastic modulus exceeded 2300 MPa and accelerated the crystallization process by more than 15 °C compared to PLA, which makes it important to reduce injection molding time. Additionally, it exhibited the highest electrical conductivity level, around 6.79 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm, which resulted in improved electromagnetic shielding performance in the 8.2–18 GHz range, highlighting the synergistic effect between 1D and 2D fillers. The developed PLA/PCL/MWCNT and PLA/PCL/MWCNT/G nanocomposites demonstrate potential for antistatic applications, combining sustainability with multifunctional performance and industrial scalability. Full article

This study presents the development of biocompatible antistatic nanofibrous composite yarns via a scalable AC electrospinning method, incorporating ultrasonicated expanded graphite (uEG) and PEDOT:PSS into polyamide (PA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrices. TGA confirmed high filler retention during electrospinning. Electrical measurements showed that the addition of uEG and micrographite reduced single-yarn resistance by up to two orders of magnitude compared with neat polymers, yielding normalised resistivities as low as ~10⁵–10⁶ Ω·m and conductivities in the 10⁻⁷–10⁻⁵ S/m range, suitable for antistatic and sensing applications. However, the large filler–fibre size mismatch and highly porous yarn architecture limited the formation of continuous conductive networks, and mechanical tests revealed strength reductions of up to 70–80% at the highest PVB filler loadings. XRD confirmed a reduction in crystallinity with filler addition, PEDOT:PSS enhanced polymer chain nucleation and thus mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that uEG, micrographite, and PEDOT:PSS significantly improved cell viability compared with non-crosslinked PVA, with several PVB-based and PVA/uEG composites showing viability statistically comparable to the DMEM control (>70%) while remaining significantly higher than the Triton positive control. Overall, this work establishes an AC-electrospun route to antistatic nanofibrous yarns that combine high filler retention with enhanced biocompatibility. Full article

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is highly dependent on imprinted film as a pattern-transfer medium. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of imprint film materials for NIL. Firstly, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and other single-polymer films are discussed, and their respective advantages (such as low surface energy, high optical transparency, water solubility) and inherent limitations (elastic deformation, demolding difficulties, humidity sensitivity)) are summarized. In order to overcome the above contradiction, researchers developed a composite imprint film structure, including an elastomer–rigid bilayer template and sandwich structure film, which achieved high resolution, conformal contact and facile demolding characteristics through mechanical function decoupling. At the same time, the emerging polymer/transparent electrode composite system (such as AgNWs/PVA, AgNWs/PDMS) gives the film active functions such as self-heating and antistatic ones, which effectively solves the key challenges in thermal management and electrostatic control. This paper comprehensively presents the evolution path from single-material to multi-functional composites, and provides guidance for the design of advanced imprint film for high precision, high reliability and large-scale NIL applications. Full article

This work explores the influence of two preparation methods, solvent casting and melt mixing, on the structure–property relationships of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) composites reinforced with char derived from different waste feedstocks. Three types of char were produced by slow pyrolysis at 550 °C: olive pruning waste biochar (OC), tyre-derived char (TC), and a 1:1 hybrid co-pyrolyzed char (OTC). Each filler was incorporated into PLLA at 1 and 2 wt.% loadings, and the resulting composites were characterized through physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical analyses. Raman, FTIR, and SEM analyses revealed distinct structural characteristics for each char, with the hybrid OTC exhibiting the highest structural order due to synergistic interactions during co-pyrolysis. The preparation method affected filler dispersion. Solvent-cast films displayed micrometric agglomerates and interfacial voids, whereas melt mixing ensured a more homogeneous distribution. Thermal characterization showed that char addition did not significantly alter the crystallization or melting behavior of PLLA, although melt-mixed samples exhibited restricted chain mobility. Mechanical tests revealed opposing effects of filler loading depending on processing: in solvent-cast materials, stiffness increased while strength remained nearly unaffected, whereas melt-mixed composites exhibited reduced modulus and strength, attributed to the disruption of the denser amorphous structure generated during melt processing. Electrical resistivity depended on the preparation method. Solvent-cast composites remained insulating, while melt mixing, with OTC at 2 wt.%, led to a resistivity drop (down to 0.02 × 10¹⁵ Ω·cm from 20 × 10¹⁵ Ω·cm for unfilled PLLA), although all materials remained within the insulating regime. Overall, this work provides insight into the role of sustainable char fillers in improving the performance of PLLA composites and highlights the interplay between processing method and material properties. The developed PLLA/char composites are promising candidates for applications in flexible electronics, sensors, and antistatic components, as well as in lightweight structural materials and energy devices. Full article

Background: Innovative treatments for lung cancer patients have significantly improved their lives. Therefore, patients who develop brain metastases are more likely to require management of quality of life (QoL) by reducing pathological decline in brain function. New therapeutic strategies have allowed us to manage brain metastases, thanks to the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, new molecules have been designed as adjuvants to standard treatments for the management of cancer patients with brain metastases. Methods: We implemented a descriptive, observational, retrospective study. Therefore, we consecutively collected the data of eighty-six (N  =  86) patients admitted to our department (April 2020–April 2025) diagnosed with brain involvement in a thoracic neoplasm and treated with silibinin, in association with standard treatment. The main endpoint of our analysis is to define the safety profile of silibinin and to evaluate its eventual benefits in terms of QoL. Results: Silibinin was well tolerated (only one mild adverse event was reported); furthermore, patients taking silibinin had a good quality of life that was maintained over a long period of time, and in some cases, an improvement in neurological symptoms and overall patient well-being was also documented. Conclusions: Our study is the first collection of a large number of lung cancer patients with brain metastasis taking silibinin, which is very well tolerated and allows patients to maintain a good QoL. Full article

Fatty amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds synthesized from fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols, typically derived from natural oils or petrochemical sources. These molecules generally feature long hydrophobic alkyl chains ranging from C8 to C22 and can be positively charged on the nitrogen atom, which confer pronounced cationic surface activity. This property makes them highly effective as emulsifiers, conditioning agents, antistatic agents, and surfactants, particularly in industrial formulations and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and creams. Historically, the production of fatty amines has relied heavily on petrochemical feedstocks, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂. In response to growing environmental concerns, there is an increasing shift toward renewable and sustainable raw materials, aligning with the principles of the circular economy. The cosmetics and detergent industries are at the forefront of this transition, actively integrating bio-based ingredients to minimize ecological impact. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sources, synthetic pathways, and applications of fatty amines. It highlights their functional roles in detergents and cosmetic formulations and explores scientific and technological strategies aimed at enhancing sustainability across the fatty amine supply chain. Full article

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of chemicals used for their antimicrobial, surfactant, and antistatic properties. QACs are present in many consumer products, and people are regularly exposed to them. We have previously shown reproductive toxicity in mice exposed to the disinfectants alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). To assess the long-term reproductive impacts, a generational reproductive study was conducted. Sperm parameters were determined by CASA and epigenetic enzyme mRNA expression was determined by pathway-focused RT-PCR. Mice ambiently exposed to ADBAC+DDAC exhibited decreases in reproductive indices that persisted through the F1 generation. Male mice (F0) dosed with 120 mg/kg/day of ADBAC+DDAC exhibited decreased sperm concentration and motility that persisted through the F1 generation. Changes in the mRNA expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes in the testes were seen. Two histone acetyltransferases (Hat1 and Kat2b) were upregulated, and one lysine-specific demethylase (Kdm6b) was downregulated in the F0 generation. The DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 was downregulated in F1 males. These changes in chromatin-modifying enzymes are known to decrease fertility and could be a mechanism for ADBAC+DDAC reproductive toxicity. In all experiments, the F2 generation was similar to the controls, showing multi-generational but not trans-generational epigenetic inheritance. Full article

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a health condition that can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Unfortunately, most available treatments present drawbacks such as high recurrence rates, risk of complications, poor tissue integration, and the need for reintervention. One promising alternative is the use of biodegradable implantable meshes, which can support the organs, guide tissue regeneration, and be fully absorbed without damaging the surrounding tissues. In this study, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes were fabricated using melt electrowritten (MEW), incorporating the antistatic agent Hostastat^® FA 38 (HT) to address these limitations. The goal was to produce microscaffolds with suitable biophysical properties, particularly more stable fiber deposition and reduced fiber diameter. Different HT concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.1 wt%) were investigated to assess their influence on the fiber diameter and mechanical properties of the PCL meshes. Increasing HT concentration significantly reduced fiber diameter by 14–17%, 39–45%, and 65–66%, depending on mesh geometry (square or sinusoidal). At 0.06 wt%, PCL/HT meshes showed a 24.10% increase in tensile strength and a 55.59% increase in Young’s Modulus compared to pure PCL meshes of similar diameter. All formulations demonstrated cell viability >90%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed preserved thermal stability and changes in crystallinity with HT addition. These findings indicate that the antistatic agent yields promising results, enabling the production of thinner, more stable fibers with higher tensile strength and Young’s Modulus than PCL meshes, without adding cellular toxicity. Developing a thinner and more stable mesh that mimics vaginal tissue mechanics could offer an innovative solution for POP repair. Full article

Antistatic and anti-flame biodegradable polymer composites were developed by melt-blending polybutylene succinate (PBS) with epoxy resin, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), and MgO particles. The composite films were prepared using a two-roll mill and an extrusion-blown film machine. Plasma and sparking techniques were used to improve the antistatic properties of the composites. The PBS/E1/PBAT/MgO 15% composite exhibited an improvement in V-1 rating of flame retardancy, indicating an enhancement in the flame retardancy of biodegradable composite films. The tensile strength of the PBS/PBAT blend increased from 19 MPa to 25 MPa with the addition of 1% epoxy due to the epoxy reaction increasing compatibility between PBS and PBAT. The PBS/E1/PBAT and PBS/E1/PBAT blends with MgO 0, 0.5, and 1% showed increases in the contact angle to 80.9°, 83.0°, and 85.7°, respectively, because the epoxy improved the reaction between PBS and PBAT via the MgO catalyst effect. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the reaction between the epoxy groups of the epoxy resin and the carboxyl end groups of PBS and PBAT by new peaks at 1246 and 1249 cm⁻¹. Plasma technology (sputtering) presents better antistatic properties than the sparking process because of the high consistency of the metal nanoparticles on the surface. This composite can be applied for electronic devices as sustainable packaging. Full article

To develop antistatic materials suitable for semiconductor wafer transportation trays, in situ polymerized polystyrene (PS) and polyester (PETE) materials incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized. Their thermal and electrical properties were evaluated under conditions relevant to semiconductor tray manufacturing. Both the PS and PETE materials exhibited improved thermal stability with an increasing MWNT content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the PS increased from 82 °C (0 wt%) to 86 °C (1.0 wt%) and 91 °C (2.0 wt%), while that of the PETE increased from 83 °C to 84 °C and 90 °C, respectively. Surface resistivity measurements also demonstrated enhanced electrical conductivity. For the PS, resistivity decreased from >10¹³ Ohm/sq to 8.8 × 10³ and 3.7 × 10³ Ohm/sq at 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt% MWNT, respectively. The PETE materials followed a similar trend, with values dropping from >10¹³ Ohm/sq to 5.9 × 10³ and 0.2 × 10³ Ohm/sq. These results confirm that MWNT incorporation effectively enhances both thermal and electrical performance, demonstrating the potential of MWNT/PS and MWNT/PETE as antistatic materials for semiconductor applications. Full article

Conventional hair-straightening methods that use chemical treatments to break disulfide bonds cause severe damage to the hair shaft, leading to weakened hair that is prone to reverting to its curly form in high humidity. Therefore, a unique haircare coating technology is required to protect hair integrity and provide a long-lasting straightening effect. Herein, we designed a hair-straightening technology by integrating a nature-inspired polyphenol–inorganic sulfate (PIS) redox agent into formulated shampoo, which achieves a desirable straightening effect through sulfate-induced disulfide breakage while preserving hair integrity through a polyphenol-reinforced structure. The interaction between polyphenols and residual thiols from the straightening process maintained a long-lasting straight hair structure and hair strength. Ellman’s assay showed a lower free thiol content from reductant-induced damaged keratin in PIS shampoo-treated hair than in sulfate-treated hair as the polyphenol–thiol bond was formed through the Michael addition reaction, thereby restoring the natural structure of the hair and enhancing its mechanical properties. Owing to the polyphenol coating, PIS shampoo-treated hair exhibited an antistatic effect and high hydrophobicity, indicating healthy hair. Furthermore, the polyphenol coating effectively scavenged radical oxygen species (ROS) in the hair, thereby improving damage protection. Thus, PIS shampoo offers an alternative approach for effective hair straightening. Full article

This paper deals with one of the methods for protecting against an electrostatic charge by using a conductive coating. We focus on methyl-silicone resin with the addition of a conductive polymer. The individual electrical parameters of these coatings are studied because these parameters determine the ability of charge leakage. The purpose of this study was to find out if the coating would change its electrical parameters after some time and if the antistatic protection purpose of the coating would deteriorate. We used the dielectric spectroscopy method for the measurements. This method was chosen because conductive polymers are basically semiconductors, and the insulation parameters were measured by this method. After aging, another set of measurements was made, and the results were compared. We found that the electrical parameters of the antistatic coating were considerably changed by the aging process. The reliability of antistatic paints was proven in these experiments. The paints presented had high values of conductivity in general, and after our experiments, the most reliable conductive paintings appeared to be the ones with the PANI polymer. For reliable electrostatic charge elimination on non-conductive surfaces, the BISIL paint proved to be the best choice. Our experiments also proved the influence of the underlying surface material on the electrical parameters of the paintings. Furthermore, we proved that the aging process influenced the loss factor of the paintings. Full article

The paper presents a review of CNTs synthesis methods and their application as a functional filler to obtain polymer composites for various technical purposes for strain gauges, electrical heating, anti-static coatings, electrically conductive compounds, etc. Various synthesis methods allow CNTs with different morphology and structural properties to be created, which expands the possibilities of the application of such nanoscale structures. Polymers can provide such effects as ‘shape memory’ and self-repair of mechanical defects. Different combinations of polymers and dispersed fillers influence the change in electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as the positive temperature coefficient of resistance, which makes it possible to achieve the effect of temperature self-regulation during electrical heating. CNTs make it possible to form PTCR (positive temperature coefficient of resistance) in elastomers at lower concentrations, which makes it possible to preserve mechanical strength and use more efficient modes of heat generation. For strain gauges, CNTs improve sensitivity to mechanical effects and extend the measurement range. The use of thermoplastic elastomers provides the temperature of PTCR operation for electric heating at the level of 200 °C (voltage 240 V), which allows such heaters to operate at a power supply from a household electrical network. CNTs-based strain gauges can provide structural condition monitoring of composite materials. Full article

This study focuses on formulating a low-surface-energy, water-resistant, and anti-condensation coating utilizing a fluorocarbon and acrylic resins composite (FAC), enhanced by six functional additives: antistatic agents, water-repellent agents, nanofillers, anti-mold and anti-algae agent, leveling agents, and wetting and dispersing agents. An orthogonal experimental design was implemented to systematically investigate the effects of varying concentrations of these additives on the surface tension of the coating. The results show that the optimized combination of fluorocarbon and acrylic resins composite (OFAC)with functional additives significantly reduces the surface tension, thereby improving both water resistance and anti-condensation properties. This research advances the development of more efficient surface treatment technologies, particularly for applications requiring enhanced water resistance and anti-condensation performance. Full article