635 Results Found

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have great potential to efficiently deliver drug cargos across cell membranes without cytotoxicity. Cationic arginine and hydrophobic tryptophan have been reported to be key component amino acids for cellular internal...

Environmentally friendly amino-acid salt solutions are used for the absorption of carbon dioxide from concentrated flue-gas streams via chemical absorption. Process intensification reduces operating and capital costs by combining chemical reactions a...

The aim of the present study was to determine postprandial amino acid (AA) appearance in the blood of growing pigs as influenced by protein source. Seven growing pigs (average body weight 18 kg), in a 7 × 5 Youden square design, were fitted with a ju...

Amino acid transporters mediate amino acid transport within and between cells and are the main mediators of nitrogen distribution in plants, which is crucial for maintaining plant growth and development. Many amino acid transporters have been identif...

Saline-alkali stress adversely affects crop growth and nutrient absorption, thereby reducing crop yield and quality. Exogenous amino acids have multiple synergistic effects; however, whether a preparation containing amino acids increases the resistan...

Protein intake has been reported to secrete insulin and lower glucose levels, but the effect of carbohydrate and protein co-ingestion on amino acid absorption has not been well documented. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, crossover t...

Background: The rate at which amino acids (AAs) are absorbed from casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) when given as a protein substitute in phenylketonuria (PKU) is unknown. This three-way randomised, controlled, crossover study aimed to compare the AA a...

The transport of metals such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) in rice is highly related. Although Fe and Mn are essential elements for plant growth, Cd is a toxic element for both plants and humans. OsNRAMP5—a member of the same f...

Poor systemic concentrations of lopinavir (LPV) following oral administration occur due to high cellular efflux by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and extensive metabolism by CYP3A4 enzymes. In this study, am...

A series of amino acid monoester prodrugs of floxuridine was synthesized and evaluated for the improvement of oral bioavailability and the feasibility of target drug delivery via oligopeptide transporters. All floxuridine 5′-amino acid monoester prod...

The amino acid permease (AAP) is an important transmembrane protein that is involved in the absorption and transport of amino acids in plants. We investigated the expression patterns of AtAAP genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on quantitative real-...

Background/Objectives: Whether saponins aid in whey protein supplementation remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of Astragalus and Panax saponins (APS) on whey protein absorption, intestinal permeability, and muscle function in health...

Several disorders of amino acid (AA) metabolism are treated with a protein-restricted diet supplemented with specific AA mixtures. Delivery kinetics impacts AA absorption and plasma concentration profiles. We assessed plasma profiles after ingestion...

A combined usage of animal and plant proteins-mixture could aid to solve environmental and social problems arising from the use of animal protein alone, while also improving the taste and texture of plant protein. Protein mixtures could be a better p...

Recent studies have established that dietary protein restriction improves metabolic health and glucose homeostasis. SLC6A19 (B⁰AT1) is the major neutral amino acid transporter in the intestine and carries out the bulk of amino acid absorption from th...

The lack of a bioaccessibility test for yak bone collagen hydrolysates (YBCH) limits their development as functional foods. In this study, simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SD) and absorption (SA) models were utilized to evaluate the bioaccessibi...

This study investigated the postprandial plasma metabolome following consumption of four dairy matrices different in texture and structure: cheddar cheese (Cheese), homogenized cheddar cheese (Hom. Cheese), and micellar casein isolate (MCI) with crea...

Background: adequate protein intake is essential to humans and, since the global demand for protein-containing foods is increasing, identifying new high-quality protein sources is needed. In this study, we investigated the acute postprandial bioavail...

Collagen is characterized by its high content of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline, and is found to exert beneficial effects on joint pain related to activity and osteoarthritis. However, to exert any beneficial effects it is essential that collage...

In Phenylketonuria (PKU), the peptide structure of the protein substitute (PS), casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP), is supplemented with amino acids (CGMP-AA). CGMP may slow the rate of amino acid (AA) absorption compared with traditional phenylalanine-...

The amorphous solid state offers an improved apparent solubility and dissolution rate. However, due to thermodynamic instability and recrystallization tendencies during processing, storage and dissolution, their potential application is limited. For...

The present study aimed to assess the impact of dietary valine levels on layer production performance, egg quality, immunity, and intestinal amino acid absorption of laying hens during the peak lay period. For this purpose, a total of 960 33-week-old...

Supplemental dietary amino acids (AAs) need to be provided in a form that prevents their degradation along the gastrointestinal tract to guarantee their high bioavailability and bioactivity. In this study, methionine (Met) protected via organo-clay i...

Background/Objectives: Citrulline, an amino acid produced by small bowel enterocytes, has been proposed as a potential marker of intestinal absorptive capacity. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether measuring citrulline levels could be useful...

The ever-increasing number and variation of raw materials utilized to provide alternative feed formulations continues to allow for a more sustainable and flexible approach. Testing all these options in vivo is still the most robust and reliable manne...

We investigated the possible adsorption of each of the main building blocks of spider silk: alanine, glycine, leucine, and proline. This knowledge could help develop new biocompatible materials and favors the creation of new biosensors. We used ab in...

The operational and economic constraints suffered by amine solvents for CO₂ removal have motivated the research on an alternative solvent with better performance and cost-effectiveness. Amino acid salt (AAS) has been identified as an interesting gree...

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin are UV-screening compounds that have presumably appeared early in the history of life and are widespread in cyanobacteria. Natural colonies of the UV-insensitive Nostoc flagelliforme were found to be...

Due to activities like mining and smelting, lead (Pb) enters the atmosphere in various forms in coarse and fine particles. It enters plants mainly through leaves, and goes up the food chain. In this study, PbX_n (nano-PbS, mic-PbO and PbCl₂) was appli...

Radiolysis of biomolecules by fast ions has interest in medical applications and astrobiology. The radiolysis of solid D-valine (0.2–2 μm thick) was performed at room temperature by 1.5 MeV H⁺, He⁺, N⁺, and 230 MeV S¹⁵⁺ ion beams. The sample...

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are the natural ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds from micro- and macro-algae. The MAAs in algae change with the environmental conditions and seasons. We previously determined an efficient extraction method of M...

Insects have been consumed as food in diverse cultures worldwide, gaining recognition as a sustainable and nutritious food source. This systematic review aims to update information on the impact of insect consumption on human health based on human ra...

Background: Methionine (Met) is a popular nutritional supplement in humans and animals. It is routinely supplemented to pigs as L-Met, DL-Met, or DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA). Methods: We investigated the effect of these Met s...

Background: Increased amino acid availability stimulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), which is critical for maintaining or increasing muscle mass when combined with training. Previous research suggests that whey protein is superior to soy protein...

Background: Dietary proteins are known for their wide range of nutritional, functional and biological properties. Although the total amount of proteins may be obtained from mixtures, its “availability” for absorption in the gut is in many cases quite...

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for human growth and health. Organic iron is an excellent iron supplement due to its bioavailability. Both amino acids and peptides improve iron bioavailability and absorption and are therefore valuable compone...

The intestine is a key organ for the absorption of amino acids. L-theanine (LTA) is a structural analog of glutamine and a characteristic non-protein amino acid found in tea (Camellia sinensis) that regulates lipid and protein metabolism. The present...

Amino acid is the main transport form of reduced nitrogen in plants. To investigate the uptake and source–sink translocation process of plants to help understand their physiological roles and transport mechanisms, we designed and synthesized th...

Combinations of indigenous ingredients lacking in certain essential amino acids could be used to obtain a protein isolate with a better amino acid profile that can be used as a functional food ingredient and suitable raw material for the food industr...

Zn is a trace element necessary for the functioning of about 300 enzymes. It plays a biochemical, structural, and regulatory role. It participates in the immune response, proper functioning of the endocrine system, and regulation of gene expression....

Protein is one of the essential macronutrients required by all living things. The breakdown of protein produces monomers known as amino acids. The concept of conjugating natural compounds with amino acids for therapeutic applications emerged from the...

Background/Objectives: Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a group of genetic conditions affecting metabolic pathways. The treatment of some IMDs requires the dietary restriction of specific amino acids. IMDs may also necessitate the supplementa...

Protein hydrolysates (PH) and humic substances (HS) are biostimulants that promote crop growth. Despite the widening of knowledge and insights provided by research activities over the past thirty years, there are still uncertainties concerning the po...

In animal diets optimal amino acid quantities and balance among amino acids is of great nutritional importance. Essential amino acid deficiencies have negative impacts on animal physiology, most often expressed in sub-optimal body weight gains. Over...

In this work, oxidized nanocellulose (ONC) was synthesized and chemically coupled with amino acids and peptides using a two step coupling method at room temperature. First, ONC was activated by N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochl...

The rise of carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels in the atmosphere emphasises the need for improving the current carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. A conventional absorption method that utilises amine-based solvent is known to cause corrosion to pro...

We report a series of calculations to elucidate one possible mechanism of SO₂ chemisorption in amino acid-based ionic liquids. Such systems have been successfully exploited as CO₂ absorbents and, since SO₂ is also a by-product of fossil fuels’...

We reported that the introduction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to poly-l-ornithine (PLO), which is an homopolymeric basic amino acid having absorption-enhancement ability, prolonged retention time in an in vitro inclined plate test, probably due to a...

Undigested dietary and endogenous proteins, as well as unabsorbed amino acids, can move from the terminal part of the ileum into the large intestine, where they meet a dense microbial population. Exfoliated cells and mucus released from the large int...

The localization of membrane transporters at the forefront of natural barriers makes these proteins very interesting due to their involvement in the absorption and distribution of nutrients and xenobiotics, including drugs. Over the years, structure/...