Search Results (81)

While prior research shows that subordinates’ attributions can amplify or buffer the negative effects of abusive supervision on performance outcomes, it remains unclear whether similar moderating effects extend to subordinate well-being. Drawing on attribution theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study investigates whether performance-promotion and injury-initiation attributions moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion. Applying a time-lagged research design, we surveyed full-time employees (N = 224) within a single Chinese transportation company and tested the proposed hypotheses using structural equation modeling (SEM). Contrary to the expectations and prior evidence, the moderating effect of injury-initiation attribution between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion is nonsignificant. Moreover, performance-promotion attribution significantly moderates this relationship, in the opposite direction to the expectations: It exacerbates (rather than buffers) the positive association between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion. These findings complicate the assumption that performance-promotion attributions are protective whereas injury-initiation attributions are destructive, instead suggesting a different pattern of attributional effects. The study advances the understanding of abusive supervision attributions and provides implications for management practice. Full article

In the tourism and hospitality industry, abusive supervision is a common social stressor, yet how it relates to employees’ behavioral adjustment remains underexplored, particularly when considering recovery processes outside of work. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study conceptualizes sleep deprivation as an indicator of impaired recovery that may help explain time-ordered associations between abusive supervision and quiet quitting. Based on three-wave, time-lagged data collected from employees in the tourism and hospitality industry, the findings show that abusive supervision is positively associated with sleep deprivation and quiet quitting, and that sleep deprivation carries a significant indirect association between abusive supervision and quiet quitting. In addition, personality strengthens the association between abusive supervision and sleep deprivation and, in turn, strengthens the indirect association with quiet quitting. By integrating leadership behavior, recovery-related processes, and individual differences, this study reframes quiet quitting as a form of resource regulation and offers behavioral science implications for understanding employees’ work investment adjustment across work and non-work contexts. Full article

This narrative literature review explores the clinical use of Ketamine as part of an untested hypothetical model framework for bridge therapy for acute suicidality. Long-term suicide rates continue to increase in the United States and in many other countries, creating a pressing public health challenge with a variety of treatment considerations. Existing standard-of-care SSRI therapeutics have a delay between administration and symptom relief at 2–6 weeks, leaving a so-called danger zone of about 1–3 months of risk for suicidal follow-through behaviors. Ketamine, a potent NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, has recently seen widespread interest in both regulatory and clinical settings for increasing neuroplasticity and alleviating depressive symptoms. Ketamine’s mechanism-of-action through mTORC1 is much faster than SSRI’s downstream transcriptional regulation, leading to quicker relief of suicidal symptoms and the removal of the danger zone lag period. The current literature suggests that a controlled, supervised subanesthetic dose of Ketamine in a clinical setting has low risks of addiction or abuse, distinguishing therapeutic uses of Ketamine from recreational uses. While the biological efficacy of Ketamine is established, this conceptual review focuses on a possible initial hypothetical framework of a “Bridge Protocol.” We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO (January 2000–December 2025) to synthesize evidence regarding SSRI latency, acute Ketamine protocols, and post-discharge safety. We conclude that while promising, the proposed Ketamine Bridge Therapy requires rigorous longitudinal validation and sustained clinical studies before it can be safely used and experience widespread adoption. Full article

The COVID-19 outbreak significantly impacted global health, resulting in widespread infections and fatalities. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) program, focusing on respiratory pathogens, to prepare for future pandemics and achieve sustainable well-being around the world. Moreover, the WHO also encouraged countries to establish a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) to address various disasters and threats. Therefore, governments should develop the necessary systems aligned with NAPHS while maintaining compliance with PRET. Thus, to maintain global health and wellness, a platform for sharing medical data on highly contagious diseases worldwide, free from interference from individual countries, is critical for effective border control. In this paper, we introduce an efficient approach, i.e., a two-layer decentralized blockchain architecture. Our mechanism streamlines integration between national sovereignty and the WHO, enabling the secure and supervised exchange of pandemic data via a single global blockchain and multiple local blockchains. This blockchain framework has strong potential to enhance nations’ ability to prepare for and respond to future pandemics, ensuring the safety and health of their citizens. The bottom-layer local chains facilitate the collection of pandemic immunity data within their own countries, and the upper-layer global chain, with the assistance of the WHO, facilitates the worldwide exchange of these data if needed. Given the characteristics of decentralization and transparency in blockchain technology, and the WHO’s oversight, no government should worry that sensitive medical data will be manipulated or abused by superpowers on the global blockchain. It also highlights the importance of global collaboration in preventing and controlling contagious diseases. Furthermore, the performance of this system is assessed based on several sets of real-world data and requirements. We demonstrate that this global information-sharing mechanism can improve international health safety, provided it is supported by feasible and reasonable resources to handle transactional demands around the world. Full article

This study analyzes the perspectives of support providers to survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) on the potential links between pornography and the sexual abuse of children. Drawing from fifty interviews, eight focus group discussions, and post-interview surveys with frontline child advocacy support professionals from various backgrounds and settings, each with at least five years of experience in the field, this paper presents a conceptual model that situates pornography and CSA within interconnected “zones of violence” across digital, institutional, and community environments. Participants identified overlapping risk factors that can heighten pornography exposure and CSA vulnerability, including strained guardian–child relationships, inadequate supervision and digital literacy, socioeconomic precarity, limited access to services, and restrictive or patriarchal sexual norms. They described mediating processes linking pornography to abuse—social modeling, normalization of coercive and violent sexual scripts, grooming, power/threat dynamics (including sextortion and blackmail), and the production and circulation of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Respondents perceived pornography as pervasive in young people’s lives, reported that it contributes to perceived shifts in CSA patterns, and emphasized the absence of best practices. They advocated comprehensive, digitally literate sex education; routine, developmentally appropriate screening; trauma-informed responses that avoid labeling and criminalizing children; and coordinated, multidisciplinary reforms. Full article

Based on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory and a socio-technical systems perspective, this study examines how technology-enacted abusive supervision (TAS) influences employees’ counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in digitalized organizational contexts. Conceptualizing TAS as a system-embedded form of digitally mediated control, we argue that technology-amplified supervisory power constitutes a persistent resource threat that reshapes employees’ behavioral regulation strategies. Using three-wave time-lagged survey data from 428 employees working in digital-intensive enterprises in China, we develop and test a moderated mediation model. The results indicate that TAS is positively associated with CWB, with defensive silence serving as a critical mediating mechanism. Although defensive silence may temporarily reduce interpersonal risk, it disrupts feedback and resource replenishment processes, leading to cumulative resource depletion and a higher likelihood of counterproductive behavior over time. Moreover, power distance significantly moderates this indirect effect, such that the mediating role of defensive silence is stronger among employees with higher-power-distance orientations. By integrating leadership research, COR theory, cultural value orientations, and a socio-technical systems perspective, this study advances our understanding of covert resistance and behavioral risk in technology-driven work systems and offers important implications for digital governance and sustainable organizational performance. Full article

The pervasive misuse of Duty-Free Quota Abuse Smuggling has seriously undermined fiscal and market order. This study breaks through the traditional model’s assumption of complete rationality and establishes a Multi-Phase Dynamic Decision-Making Model for Duty-Free Quota Abuse Smuggling Chain System, incorporating the risk avoidance preference of illegal actors to analyze strategic interactions within the smuggling chain system. Through theoretical deduction and simulation experiments, the evolution of the system during the decision-making phases of Decentralized Profit-Seeking, Localized Collusive, and Collaborative Profit-Seeking was analyzed, and key intervention points were identified. The study results indicate that smuggling chains will continuously gravitate toward localized collusive; the risk avoidance of illegal actors suppresses local alliance benefits and shortens accumulation cycles; strengthening cost constraints reduces the overall level of smuggling in the system, with Quota Sellers being the most sensitive. Therefore, we propose hierarchical regulation, credit supervision, and differentiated law enforcement to precisely target smuggling chains. Full article

The New Jersey Safe Schools Program (NJSS) provides required training for secondary school career–technical education work-based learning (WBL) supervision, allowing certified teachers to supervise students in school-sponsored work placements. During each training’s virtual live session day, a new activity for teachers to use to connect the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) “Eight Dimensions of Wellness” model (8DW) to individual young workers was conducted. NJSS implemented an optional “Eight Dimensions of Young Worker Wellness” activity with 67 volunteer participants (44% response rate) in February–November 2024. Using Mentimeter, teachers were given a student worker scenario and asked how aspects of the scenario pertained to each of the 8DW (emotional, environmental, financial, intellectual, occupational, physical, social, spiritual). A qualitative, inductive content analysis of open responses collected via Mentimeter was conducted. Most teachers selected emotional and social dimensions of 8DW when asked to select the two most important for young workers to incorporate into their work lives. This new NJSS activity encouraged teachers to examine different aspects of their own health, and potentially they could then apply it to the health, safety, and wellness of their students and co-workers, as a proactive approach to promote comprehensive wellness. Full article

Abusive supervision remains a pervasive and damaging phenomenon in organizations, prompting a critical need to understand preventive mechanisms. We adopt a leader-centric, actor-focused perspective to investigate how a positive organizational context can inhibit leaders’ destructive behaviors. Drawing on Affective Events Theory (AET), we propose that leaders’ awareness of their organization’s philanthropic activities serves as a positive, morally salient event that generates feelings of moral pride. This pride, in turn, is theorized to reduce the likelihood of abusive supervision. Furthermore, we posit that this process is contingent on leaders’ moral reputation maintenance concerns, such that the negative relationship between moral pride and abusive supervision is stronger for leaders who are highly concerned with being perceived as moral. We tested this model using a three-wave survey study involving 434 leaders. The results support our hypotheses, indicating that perceived philanthropy awareness is positively associated with moral pride, which, in turn, predicts lower abusive supervision. This indirect effect is significantly stronger for leaders with high moral reputation maintenance concerns. Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying a novel, positive, and self-regulatory pathway for preventing abusive supervision and showing that applying AET to understand how macro-level organizational good deeds can translate into improved micro-level leader conduct. Full article

The ongoing challenge of doping in sports has triggered the adoption of advanced scientific strategies for the detection and prevention of doping abuse. This review examines the potential of integrating metabolomics aided by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for profiling small-molecule metabolites across biological systems to advance anti-doping efforts. While traditional targeted detection methods serve a primarily forensic role—providing legally defensible evidence by directly identifying prohibited substances—metabolomics offers complementary insights by revealing both exogenous compounds and endogenous physiological alterations that may persist beyond direct drug detection windows, rather than serving as an alternative to routine forensic testing. High-throughput platforms such as UHPLC-HRMS and NMR, coupled with targeted and untargeted metabolomic workflows, can provide comprehensive datasets that help discriminate between doped and clean athlete profiles. However, the complexity and dimensionality of these datasets necessitate sophisticated computational tools. ML algorithms, including supervised models like XGBoost and multi-layer perceptrons, and unsupervised methods such as clustering and dimensionality reduction, enable robust pattern recognition, classification, and anomaly detection. These approaches enhance both the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic screening and optimize resource allocation. Case studies illustrate the value of integrating metabolomics and ML—for example, detecting recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) use via indirect blood markers and uncovering testosterone and corticosteroid abuse with extended detection windows. Future progress will rely on interdisciplinary collaboration, open-access data infrastructure, and continuous methodological innovation to fully realize the complementary role of these technologies in supporting fair play and athlete well-being. Full article

In a digital landscape marked by the exponential growth of cyber threats, the development of automated domain reputation systems is extremely important. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning now enable proactive and scalable approaches to early identification of malicious or suspicious domains. This paper presents an adaptive domain name reputation system that integrates advanced machine learning to enhance cybersecurity resilience. The proposed framework uses domain data from .ro domain Registry and several other sources (blacklists, whitelists, DNS, SSL certificate), detects anomalies using machine learning techniques, and scores domain security risk levels. A supervised XGBoost model is trained and assessed through five-fold stratified cross-validation and a held-out 80/20 split. On an example dataset of 25,000 domains, the system attains accuracy 0.993 and F1 0.993 and is exposed through a lightweight Flask service that performs asynchronous feature collection for near real-time scoring. The contribution is a blueprint that links list supervision with registry/DNS/TLS features and deployable inference to support proactive domain abuse mitigation in ccTLD environments. Full article

Globally, women continue to die from pregnancy-related conditions that could be prevented through ensuring timely access to emergency obstetric care and facility-based deliveries supervised by skilled birth attendants. However, many women are reluctant to deliver in maternity healthcare facilities due to the widespread disrespect and abuse that patients have reportedly received. Respectful maternity care has been identified amongst the possible solutions. This study explored perceptions of respectful maternity care and the enabling conditions of a multidisciplinary group of maternity healthcare providers working at a busy, specialised public mother and child regional hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. An explorative, descriptive, and contextual study design with a phenomenological perspective was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the 30 purposefully selected study participants. The interviews were digitally recorded, professionally transcribed, and analysed using Tesch’s Constant Comparison method. Two main categories, namely (1) healthcare providers’ perceptions of respectful maternity care and (2) enabling conditions for its practice emerged, encompassing seven themes: women-centred care, provision of high-quality care, preservation and promotion of women’s rights, creating an enabling environment for the practice of RMC, in-service training, accountability of healthcare providers for their actions, and community involvement. The perceptions of the study participants regarding respectful maternity care align with global standards; however, successful implementation requires the establishment of enabling conditions. Full article

Workplace toxicity in the tourism sector remains a widespread issue, particularly for hotel staff who are constantly suffering from verbal, emotional, or physical abuse. While previous research has primarily highlighted the negative consequences of abusive behavior, this study examines a different perspective—how abusive supervision may be associated with reduced helping behavior among hotel employees, with emotional contagion and self-esteem serving as key moderating and mediating variables. Based on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the current paper suggests that abusive supervision causes people’s psychological resources to be depleted, which decreases their self-esteem and, in turn, their helpful behavior. Furthermore, it is revealed that emotional contagion can act as a moderator to amplify the detrimental association between abusive supervision and self-esteem. Data were gathered from frontline hotels employees. Employing structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3, the findings reveal that abusive supervision was negatively related to both self-esteem and helping behaviors. Additionally, the correlation between helpful behavior and abusive supervision was strongly mediated by self-esteem. It is also shown that emotional contagion mitigated the detrimental relationship between abusive supervision and self-esteem, such that people with high emotional contagion experienced a stronger negative relationship. This paper advances our theoretical knowledge of workplace dynamics by expanding COR theory to justify how and why abusive supervision impairs pro-social behavior. From a practical standpoint, the findings underscore the significance of management behavior and emotional intelligence in service-oriented sectors. Employee self-esteem and cooperative workplace behavior may be preserved by interventions that deplete supervisory abuse and boost emotional resilience. Full article

Toxic leadership in educational settings is a pervasive issue that negatively impacts both educators’ well-being and organizational effectiveness. While previous research has largely focused on defining toxic leadership traits, fewer studies have examined how contextual factors—such as school size, cultural norms, and leadership demographics—can obscure or normalize these behaviors. This narrative review aims to address the following research questions: (i) What are the key factors contributing to the emergence of toxic leadership in educational contexts? (ii) How do toxic leadership behaviors impact teachers and students? (iii) What strategies and interventions can mitigate the negative effects of toxic leadership in schools? Using a structured literature search in Scopus (2014–2024), this review synthesizes existing evidence on toxic leadership traits, including authoritarianism, narcissism, and abusive supervision. The analysis highlights the role of emotional intelligence as a critical resilience factor, emphasizing how self-awareness, empathy, and self-regulation can mitigate toxic leadership’s harmful effects. The findings suggest that promoting leadership development programs, emotional intelligence training, and ethical decision-making frameworks can help schools counteract toxic leadership and create more inclusive and supportive environments. Full article