Search Results (77)

Background/Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide and has been consistently associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including female infertility. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate whether genes previously associated with female infertility display altered expression patterns in response to CT infection by reanalyzing publicly available transcriptomic data derived from a human in vitro infection model. Methods: An integrative in silico approach was employed. A curated list of 106 genes associated with female infertility was compiled from publicly available databases and integrated with transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE109428, which profiles primary human fallopian tube mesenchymal cells infected in vitro with CT serovar L2. Gene expression changes were evaluated at two time points (24 and 48 h post-infection) by comparing infected cells with uninfected control samples, followed by functional and phenotype enrichment analyses. Results: One female infertility-associated gene (AKAP12) was consistently dysregulated at both 24 and 48 h post-infection. In addition, fourteen genes (ANAPC4, BMP1, BNC2, BTG4, EFHD1, FBXO43, INHBB, PATL2, SCARB1, SND1, SYNE1, TRIP13, TTC28, and TUBA1C) became significantly dysregulated exclusively at 48 h post-infection, indicating a time-dependent host transcriptional response to CT infection. Functional and phenotype enrichment analyses revealed associations with biological processes related to embryonic development and meiosis, as well as phenotypes linked to female infertility. These enriched terms were supported by a small subset of genes and were therefore interpreted cautiously. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that CT infection modulates the expression of several infertility-associated genes and may influence biological pathways critical for female reproductive function. While exploratory, this study provides a molecular context that aligns with previously reported associations between CT infection and female infertility. Full article

Human preimplantation embryo arrest (PREMBA) represents a significant clinical hurdle in assisted reproductive technology (ART), in which approximately 10% of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos arrest at the cleavage stages. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have discovered numerous genetic mutations associated with preimplantation embryo arrest. These mutations often disrupt critical biological milestones such as maternal mRNA clearance (BTG4, ZFP36L2, ZAR1), subcortical maternal complex (TLE6, PADI6, OOEP, NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, KHDC3L), DNA double-strand break formation and homologous recombination (REC114, TOP6BL, MEI1, MEI4, TRIP13), spindle assembly (TUBB8 and TUBA4A) and cell cycle and checkpoints (FBXO43, MOS, CHEK1, TRIP13, CDC20), as well as nuclear transport and translational regulation (KPNA7, DDOST). However, the cause of most clinical cases remains genetically unexplained. Studies investigating these unexplained arrests have uncovered widespread multi-omics abnormalities, including transcriptional arrest, DNA hypermethylation, higher chromatin accessibility, aberrant histone modification, chromosomal aneuploidy and senescent-like states. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying PREMBA, categorized into those that are attributable to known genetic mutations and those with unexplained reasons. Full article

Backgrounds: Roegneria ciliaris is a perennial tetraploid wild relative of wheat that is widely distributed in China. It can be used both as a forage crop and ecological grass (the grasses specifically bred for ecological restoration) due to its strong stress tolerance, early green-up, vigorous seedling growth in spring, and great palatability. Methods: It is necessary to select and validate appropriate reference genes (RGs) for gene expression normalization by qRT-PCR in order to decipher the stress tolerance mechanism of this grass species. Therefore, eight candidate RGs were identified from transcriptome data of R. ciliaris ‘Liao sheng’ in response to drought stress. The expression stability of these RGs was evaluated by five algorithms (∆Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and ReFinder) using samples from different tissues and drought stress. Results: The results showed that MDH and RPL19 were the most stable RGs among all samples, while GAPDH and TUBA presented the lowest expression stability. These representative RGs were further used to normalize the expression level of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) genes in different tissues and under drought stress. The results of P5CS and PP2C expression were consistent with transcriptome data. Conclusion: Our study provided the first systematic evaluation of the most stable RG selection for qRT-PCR normalization in R. ciliaris, which will promote further research on its tissue-specific gene expression and mechanism of drought tolerance. Full article

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), particularly the androgen receptor-low (AR-low) subtype, is one of the most aggressive and hard-to-treat forms of BC, characterized by a high index of proliferation, chromosomal instability (CIN), and high prevalence of TP53 mutations. These features fuel therapy resistance, metastases, and poor clinical outcomes. An integrated framework describing the dysregulated molecular networks that support the pathobiology of AR-low TNBC is lacking. Multiple published studies in breast cancer have previously proposed mechanistic links between TP53 loss, AR-low states, and heightened FOXM1-driven G2/M transcriptional programs, potentially via deregulation of E2F activity, chromatin-associated co-regulators (e.g., ATAD2), and disruption of repressive networks involving p53–p21–DREAM and SPDEF. Additional reports suggest that FOXM1-associated circuitry may be reinforced by chromatin regulators such as WDR5 and by mitotic/spindle factors such as ASPM, including through feedback interactions and condensate-associated transcriptional organization. We previously showed that FOXM1, a master regulator transcription factor, is upregulated and is a biomarker of poor prognosis in AR-low TNBC. In this study, we filtered a set of “TNBC core genes” known to promote transcriptional chaos downstream of FoxM1. We identified a set of 15 cell cycle regulators—including mitotic kinesin motors (KIF14, KIF11, KIF4A, KIF2C, and KIF20A), centromeric proteins (CENPA, CENPO, CENPL, CENPF, and OIP5), and regulators of proteolysis (UBE2C, UBE2S, UBE2T, PSMD14, and TUBA1B). These 15 genes, which were ranked highly among genes overexpressed in TNBC featured prominently in gene signatures of chromosomal instability and were also overexpressed among AR-low TNBCs and TP53-mutant breast tumors. We show that expression of each of these 15 genes correlates positively with proliferation markers (Ki67, PCNA, and MCM2) in TNBC, and that the overexpression of this gene set is associated with shorter relapse-free survival and distinct immune/stromal infiltration patterns. In light of prior work, our findings point to a FOXM1-associated 15-gene signature enriched in AR-low TNBC and associated with the high-proliferation and high-CIN phenotypes of this clinically challenging tumor type. This 15-gene set represents an actionable vulnerability with therapeutic potential for AR-low TNBC and provides a framework for rethinking how to manage highly proliferative, genomically unstable BCs. Full article

Sharp declines in temperature pose a significant risk for mass mortality events in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). To assess the effects of acute cold stress on intestinal health, turtles were exposed to temperatures of 28 °C (control), 14 °C, and 7 °C for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. The results showed that acute cold stress at 14 °C and 7 °C induced time-dependent alterations in intestinal morphology and histopathology. The damage was more severe at 7 °C, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, lymphoid hyperplasia, and extensive detachment and necrosis across the villi, muscle layer, and submucosa. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed significant shifts in intestinal microbiota composition in the 7 °C group, dominated by Helicobacter and Citrobacter. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that respond to acute cold stress and are involved in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (Tlr2, Tlr4, Tlr5, Tlr7, and Tlr8), the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (Traf6, Traf2, Casr, Rnasel, Pstpip1, Plcb2, Atg5, and Mfn2), apoptosis (Tuba1c, Ctsz, Ctsb, Kras, Hras, Pik3ca, Bcl2l11, Gadd45a, Pmaip1, Ddit3, and Fos), and the p53 signaling pathway (Serpine1, Sesn2, Ccng2, Igf1, Mdm2, Gadd45a, Pmaip1, and Cdkn1a). Metabolomic profiling highlighted differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) that cope with acute cold stress, such as organic acids (oxoglutaric acid, L-aspartic acid, fumaric acid, DL-malic acid, and citric acid) and amino acids (including L-lysine, L-homoserine, and allysine). The integrated analysis of DEGs and DEMs underscored three key pathways modulated by acute cold stress: linoleic acid metabolism, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and the FoxO signaling pathway. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of intestinal health in Chinese soft-shelled turtles under acute cold stress and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Full article

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted increasing attention for their potential to modulate inflammatory signaling and influence tumor cell behavior. This in vitro study was designed to investigate the effects of ADSC-EVs on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. EVs were isolated from ADSC culture supernatants and applied to MCF-7 cells at concentrations ranging from 0 to 80% (v/v). Cell viability, migration, and expression of IL-6/STAT3 pathway-related genes were evaluated using MTT, scratch assays, and qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05. The results showed that 20% EV treatment markedly inhibited MCF-7 cell activity, significantly reducing viability and almost completely blocking migration, with wound closure rates of 35.4% ± 3.80 at 24 h and 47.6% ± 4.2 at 48 h, compared with 48% ± 4.6 and 67% ± 4.2 in the control group, respectively. Notably, expression levels of IL-6, IL-6RST, and STAT3 were significantly downregulated (fold changes 0.155 ± 0.02 and 0.258 ± 0.012, p < 0.01), accompanied by severe disruption of the microtubule network. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed a disorganized microtubule architecture and irregular filament distribution in EV-treated cells, corresponding with decreased expression of TubA1 and CALR genes. These findings indicate that ADSC-EVs not only suppress IL-6/STAT3 inflammatory signaling but also destabilize the intracellular microtubule system, collectively contributing to the inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cell migration and survival. This provides an important molecular basis for developing novel EV-based therapeutic strategies in breast cancer treatment. Full article

Background: Chemotherapy remains one of the main approaches for treating malignant tumors, but repeated exposure to cytostatics leads to multidrug resistance (MDR), increasing tumor aggressiveness and reducing therapeutic efficacy. Identifying adjuvant agents that restore tumor sensitivity to drugs while minimizing toxicity is a cornerstone challenge today. This study aimed to investigate the potential of mesyl phosphoramidate antisense oligonucleotides (µ-ASOs) targeting miR-17, miR-21, and miR-155 as agents for enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin (Cis) and doxorubicin (Dox) in MDR-positive human epidermoid carcinoma KB-8-5 cells. Methods: Optimal regimens for the simultaneous application of µ-ASOs and Dox or Cis in KB-8-5 cells, including a concentration-dependent analysis and the type of compound interaction in combinations (synergy/additivity/antagonism), were studied using the MTT assay. Antiproliferative effects of the combinations were assessed using the real-time cell monitoring xCELLigence system. The potential molecular mechanism underlying KB-8-5 cell sensitization to cytostatics was investigated using RT-PCR and Western blot hybridization, supported by bioinformatic reconstruction of the gene network. Results: The most effective combinations including µ-ASOs targeting miR-21 and miR-17 together with Cis or Dox demonstrated additive to moderately synergistic effects on KB-8-5 cell viability (HSA synergy score = 4.8–8.7). The co-application of µ-ASOs allowed a 5- to 20-fold reduction in the dose of cytostatics, while maintaining a strong antiproliferative effect of 70–95%. Sensitization of KB-8-5 cells to Cis or Dox following µ-ASO treatment was mediated by a 1.5- to 3-fold decrease in the levels of the well-known MDR marker ABCB1 as well as the newly identified MDR-associated targets ZYX, TUBA4A, and SEH1L. Conclusions: miRNA-targeted mesyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotides are effective tools for overcoming resistance to the clinically approved chemotherapeutics cisplatin and doxorubicin. The relationship between miR-21, miR-17, and miR-155 and the novel MDR markers such as SEH1L, TUBA4A, and ZYX was revealed, thereby expanding the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy. Full article

Background: Butana are native Sudanese Bos indicus cattle that are well adapted to arid environments and valued for their relatively high milk performance and resilience under harsh conditions. Despite their adaptive advantages, Butana cattle face the risk of genetic erosion due to low production performance and the absence of structured breeding programs underscoring the urgent need to conserve their unique genetic potential for climate-resilient livestock development. Methods: In this study, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 40 Butana cattle to assess their genetic diversity, population structure, signatures of selection, and potential pathogen load. Results: Butana cattle exhibited high nucleotide diversity and low levels of inbreeding, indicating a stable gene pool shaped by natural selection rather than by intensive breeding. Signatures of selection and functional variant analysis revealed candidate genes involved in heat stress adaptation (COL6A5, HSPA1L, TUBA8, XPOT), metabolic processes (G6PD, FAM3A, SLC10A3), and immune regulation (IKBKG, IRAK3, IL18RAP). Enrichment analyses and RoH island mapping consistently highlighted immune and thermoregulatory pathways as key selection targets, distinguishing Butana from both the geographically neighbored Kenana cattle and the specialized dairy cattle breed Holstein. Furthermore, metagenomic screening of unmapped reads detected the tick-borne parasite Theileria annulata and the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia in all animals, underscoring the importance of integrating pathogen surveillance into genomic studies. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings highlight the distinct adaptive genomic profile of Butana cattle and reinforce their value in breeding programs aimed at improving climate resilience and disease resistance in livestock through the utilization of local breeds. Full article

Background: Identifying optimal housekeeping genes is essential to accurately quantify gene expression dynamics across the 18th day (male and female begin to pair) and the 23rd day (female begin to sex mature) post infection of Schistosoma japonicum, because this process involves selecting suitable housekeeping genes to ensure the reliability and accuracy of all subsequent expression analyses, thereby improving the precision of biological interpretations. Schistosoma japonicum transcriptomics reveals marked stage-dependent variation in candidate reference genes, which directly challenges the long-standing hypothesis that commonly recommended reference genes remain stably expressed throughout the 18th day and the 23rd day post-infection developmental phases and therefore emphasizes the critical need for careful selection and rigorous validation in any specific experimental context. Methods: In this study, seven widely reported genes (GAPDH, TUBA, ACTB, SOD1, TP, ND and PS) of Schistosoma japonicum were systematically validated by combining Solexa high-throughput sequence analysis with targeted qPCR experiments to identify the most suitable reference genes on the 18th day and the 23rd day post infection of Schistosoma japonicum, and the expression stability of these seven candidate genes was then comprehensively evaluated using four complementary algorithms—the ΔCT method and the GeNorm V3.5, BestKeeper, and NormFinder software applications. Results: GAPDH displayed the most consistent expression profiles, whereas TUBA exhibited the least stability, particularly at the specific time points of 18 and 23 days post infection in both paired and unpaired female Schistosoma japonicum. Conclusions: The suitability of any housekeeping gene is strongly dependent on the study’s specific context and experimental conditions. Therefore, the conclusions drawn here are explicitly limited to the developmental window of 18 and 23 days post infection. Rigorous, stage-specific validation is indispensable before reliable quantitative gene expression analyses can be performed. Full article

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its efficacy is often limited by cancer cell resistance. Although multiple DOX resistance mechanisms have been characterized, the global transcriptomic alterations underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. The aim of this work was to determine whether a common transcriptional response associated with DOX desensitization exists across tumor cells of different origins and to identify the core elements of this response. Methods: We performed an integrated bioinformatics analysis, including: analysis of independent transcriptomic datasets (comparing DOX-resistant neuroblastoma, breast, and cervical carcinoma cells to their DOX-sensitive counterparts), functional annotation of differentially expressed genes, reconstruction and topology analysis of gene networks, text mining, and survival analysis. The findings were validated through in vitro functional tests, RT-PCR, and analysis of the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results: We showed that DOX resistance in cancer cells is associated with cytoskeletal reorganization, modulation of cell adhesion, cholesterol biosynthesis, and dysregulation of mTORC1, Wnt, and Gβγ signaling pathways. Network analysis identified a conserved regulome of 37 resistance-linked genes, with GJA1, SEH1L, TCF3, TUBA4A, and ZYX emerging as central hubs (mean degree: 8.7–19.7; mean fold change: 2.4–21.3). Experimental validation in DOX-resistant KB-8-5 cervical carcinoma cells and their sensitive counterparts (KB-3-1) confirmed enhanced cellular adhesion and reduced intracellular cholesterol levels associated with chemoresistance, supporting our in silico findings. A detailed follow-up analysis verified the upregulation of these hub genes in chemoresistant cells and their correlation with poor clinical outcomes across multiple cancer types. Conclusions: This integrative analysis identifies conserved transcriptomic signatures of DOX resistance and highlights hub genes GJA1, SEH1L, TCF3, TUBA4A, and ZYX with potential as predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Targeting these pathways may help overcome chemoresistance and improve treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Full article

Background: Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a highly aggressive molecular subtype characterized by the strong expression of a gene cluster found in the basal or outer epithelial layer of the adult mammary gland. Patients with BLBC typically face a poor prognosis, with a shorter disease-free period and overall survival. Methods: In this study, we explored the proteomic profiles of BLBC patients using publicly available data from two large cohorts of breast cancer patients. By integrating cluster analysis, predictive modeling, protein differential abundance expression, and network analysis, we identified and validated the presence of two distinct subgroups, characterized by 256 upregulated and 99 downregulated proteins. Results: We report the upregulation of spliceosome components, especially SNRPG and its partners (BUD13, CWC15, SNRNP70, ZMAT12), indicating altered splicing activity between TNBC subgroups. Collagen proteins (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL11A1) were associated with tumor progression and metastasis. Proteins in the CCT complex and microtubule-associated proteins (TUBA1C, TUBB) were linked to cytoskeletal structure and chemotherapy resistance. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (DARS1, IARS1, KARS1) may also play a role in TNBC development. Conclusions: These findings suggest the existence of novel molecular signatures that could improve TNBC classification, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targeting. Full article

Advancing age in men significantly contributes to declining sperm fertility. Information on age-related proteomic changes in spermatozoa is limited. This study involved normal fertile Arab men in three age groups: young adult (21–30 years; n = 6), late adult (31–40 years; n = 7), and advanced age (40–51 years; n = 5). Gradient-purified spermatozoa were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and proteomic data were processed using Progenesis QI (QIfp) v3.0 and UniProt/SwissProt. Significantly enriched annotations and clustering of proteins in the proteomic datasets were identified (2-fold change; p < 0.05). A total of 588 proteins were identified, with 93% shared across the three groups. Unique proteins were MYLK4 for the young adult group, PRSS57 for the late adult group, and HMGB4, KRT4, LPGAT1, OXCT2, and MGRN1 for the advanced age group. Furthermore, 261 (44%) proteins were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) across the three groups. Functional enrichment analysis suggested an aging-related significant increase in pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases and protein folding, alongside decreases in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, flagellated sperm motility, acetylation, phosphoprotein modifications, oxidation processes, and Ubl conjugation. Cluster analysis highlighted significantly upregulated proteins in young adults (e.g., H2BC1, LAP3, SQLE, LTF, PDIA4, DYNLT2) and late adults (e.g., ATP5F1B, ODF2, TUBA3C, ENO1, SPO11, TEX45, TEKT3), whereas most proteins in the advanced age group exhibited downregulation (e.g., SPESP1, RAB10, SEPTIN4, RAB15, PTPN7, USP5, ANXA1, PRDX1). In conclusion, this study revealed aging-associated proteomic changes in spermatozoa that impact critical processes, including spermatogenesis, motility, metabolism, and fertilization, potentially contributing to fertility decline. These changes provide a molecular framework for developing therapies to preserve sperm proteostasis and enhance fertility in older men. Full article

(1) Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. It affects 5–15% of women of reproductive age. Ovarian cancer develops in approximately 1% of patients with endometriosis. Prediction of those with endometriosis who will develop ovarian cancer is among the current research topics. (2) Materials and Methods: With this study, we aimed to reveal the role of miRNA 200b and miRNA 21 in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma (EAOC). Thirteen patients diagnosed as having EAOC between 2015 and 2023 were included, with their endometriosis and eutopic endometrium tissues (Group 3: 13 patients, 39 tissue samples). Two separate groups were then detected to compare with these cases: Group 2 composed of tuba-ovarian endometriosis with its eutopic endometrium (10 patients, 20 tissue samples) and Group 1 composed of eutopic endometrium only (10 patients, 10 tissue samples). The foci marked on H&E sections were determined from the area on the relevant paraffin blocks and small tissue samples were taken in tubes to be studied with real-time PCR. (3) Results: No significant difference was detected for miRNA 21 and miRNA 200b expression levels among eutopic endometrium, endometriosis, and cancer foci in Group 3. However, miRNA 21 and miRNA 200b expression levels in the eutopic endometrial tissue of cases with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than in the eutopic endometrial tissues of cases with (Group 2) and without endometriosis (Group 1). (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that increased miRNA 200b and miRNA 21 expression levels detected in eutopic endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis may contribute to identifying cases that may develop EAOC. Full article

Background/Objectives: Desiccation profoundly influences the distribution and abundance of intertidal seaweeds, necessitating robust molecular adaptations. Sargassum muticum is a brown seaweed inhabiting intertidal rocky substrates. During low tides, this species undergoes periodic aerial exposure. Such environmental conditions necessitate robust physiological mechanisms to mitigate desiccation stress. Yet, the molecular basis of this adaptation remains poorly understood. Methods: To investigate desiccation-responsive genes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of adaptation, we exposed S. muticum to 6 h of controlled desiccation stress in sterilized ceramic trays, simulating natural tidal conditions, and performed comparative transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Results: High-quality sequencing identified 66,192 unigenes, with 1990 differentially expressed genes (1399 upregulated and 591 downregulated). These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were categorized into regulatory genes—including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calmodulin, elongation factor, and serine/threonine-protein kinase—and functional genes, such as heat shock protein family members (HSP20, HSP40, and HSP70), tubulin (TUBA and TUBB), and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis-related genes (protein disulfide-isomerase A6, calreticulin, and calnexin). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment highlighted upregulated DEGs in metabolic processes like glutathione metabolism, critical for oxidative stress mitigation, while downregulated genes were linked to transport functions, such as ammonium transport, suggesting reduced nutrient uptake during dehydration. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” and “MAPK signaling pathway-plant”, implicating endoplasmic reticulum stress response and conserved signaling cascades in desiccation adaptation. Validation via qRT-PCR confirmed consistent expression trends for key genes, reinforcing the reliability of transcriptomic data. Conclusions: These findings suggest that S. muticum undergoes extensive biological adjustments to mitigate desiccation stress, highlighting candidate pathways for future investigations into recovery and tolerance mechanisms. Full article

Background: The main feature of osteoarthritis (OA) is the deterioration of articular cartilage, but numerous studies have demonstrated the role of synovial inflammation in the early stages of the disease, leading to further progression of OA. The WNT signaling pathway is involved in numerous activities in joint tissue, but there is a lack of evidence considering the role of WNT in OA synovitis. Our research aims to investigate the expression of WNT Family Member 5A/B (WNT5A/B), β-catenin, acetyl-α-tubulin, Dishevelled-1 (DVL-1), and Inversin (INV) in the synovial membrane of osteoarthritis (OA) hips. Methods: The immunohistochemical expressions of the aforementioned proteins in the synovial membrane were analyzed and compared with samples of control group participants with fractured femoral necks. Results: The immunoexpression of acetyl-α-tubulin was significantly increased in the intima (p < 0.0001) and subintima (p < 0.0001) of the group with OA compared with the intima and subintima of the control group. At the same time, acetyl-α-tubulin was also more highly expressed in the intima of the OA group than in the subintima of the OA group (p < 0.05); we found the same expression pattern in the control group (p < 0.0001). The differential analysis of the GEO dataset did not show significant differences between the osteoarthritis (OA) and control groups in the expression of TUBA1A. β-catenin was significantly increased in the subintima (p < 0.01) of the group with OA compared to the subintima of the control group. WNT expression has significantly higher positivity in the subintima than in the intima, especially in the control group (p < 0.01). WNT5A and WNT5B were significantly down-regulated in OA compared to the control in the differential analysis of the GEO dataset. The expression of INV and DVL-1 in our study and the differential analysis of the GEO dataset did not differ significantly between the osteoarthritis (OA) and control groups. Conclusions: Based on our results, we suggest that acetyl-α-tubulin and β-catenin might be involved in synovial membrane inflammation in OA and serve as potential therapeutic targets. Full article