Search Results (106)

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are a group of hereditary CNS disorders characterized by hypomyelination and, sometimes, repeated cycles of demyelination and remyelination. In HLDs, various genetic mutations in the responsible genes disrupt the morphogenesis of oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglial cells), which wrap neuronal axons with their differentiated myelin sheaths. A stop-loss mutation (c.622T-C or c.622T-G) in the gene encoding claudin family tetraspan plasma membrane protein claudin-11 (CLDN11) is associated with HLD22, which is characterized by incomplete differentiation and hypomyelination or delayed myelination in the brain. Herein, we describe for the first time that a CLDN11 mutant protein with an additional amino acid sequence due to the stop-loss mutation, but not the wild-type protein, leads to decreased expression of oligodendroglial differentiation marker proteins in the FBD-102b oligodendroglial progenitor cell line, the model undergoing its differentiation, at both the molecular and morphological levels. Consistently, mutant CLDN11 exhibited decreased morphological differentiation with a reduced ability to extend processes. These cells contained punctate structures that were partially localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and stimulated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (eIF2A) kinase, ER stress-responsible kinases. Hesperetin, a neuroprotective flavonoid that can downregulate ER stress, recovered the differentiation abilities of these cells. Notably, the effects were related to decreased phosphorylation of ER stress-responsible kinases. JNK was found to be present in a co-precipitate with the hesperetin core, whereby hesperetin inhibited signaling through c-Jun as a negative regulator of differentiation. These findings indicate that the HLD22-associated mutant protein can cause an ER stress response, decreasing cell morphological differentiation. In addition, this study offers possible therapeutic implications for the as-yet-unexplored mechanisms involved in HLD22, at least at the molecular and cellular levels. Full article

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) reliably reduces weight and triglycerides, but LDL-C responses are variable. In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated whether adjunctive monacolin K (red yeast rice; 3 mg/day) improves early lipid modulation after SG. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study of women only, 149 patients undergoing SG within the national KOS-BAR program were analyzed in four groups: controls without supplementation (CG, n = 62) and three supplementation cohorts receiving monacolin K for 6 months (G1 early (from week 1; n = 46), G2 delayed (months 3–9; n = 10), and G3 delayed (months 6–12; n = 31)). Outcomes included total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL, and triglycerides (TG). Missing data were imputed; mixed models for repeated measures assessed longitudinal changes. Results: From baseline to 6 months, LDL-C-C increased in the control group (CG; +21.9 mg/dL) and decreased in G1 (mean change: −11.1 mg/dL), with a significant group-by-time interaction (p < 0.001). HDL-C increased in both CG and G1, whereas triglyceride levels decreased more markedly in G1 than in CG (−36.2 vs. −19.6 mg/dL). Total cholesterol decreased in G1 (−13.4 mg/dL) and in G2 at 9 months (−22.5 mg/dL). Conclusions: In the early supplementation group, LDL-C-C levels decreased over the first 6 months after SG, whereas an increase was observed in the control group, which had significantly lower baseline LDL-C concentrations. In women undergoing SG, early postoperative monacolin K supplementation was associated with LDL-C stabilization and enhanced lipid optimization without impeding weight-loss benefits. Delayed initiation yields partial improvements, especially for TG and HDL-C. These observations underscore the need for prospective, sex-stratified studies with appropriate baseline adjustments to clarify the association between monacolin K use and postoperative lipid trajectories after SG. Full article

In this work, a multifunctional surface engineering strategy was developed to impart both flame-retardant and hydrophobic properties to cotton fabrics. In the first stage, cellulose fibers were modified with poly(methylvinyl)siloxane containing trimethoxysilyl groups, 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-divinyl-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyltioethyl)cyclotetrasiloxane, or tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)tetrakis(trimethoxysilylpropyltioethyl)octasilsesquioxane (POSS). All modifiers contained alkoxysilyl groups capable of forming covalent bonds with cellulose hydroxyl groups. The modification was performed using a dip-coating process followed by thermal curing. This procedure enabled the formation of Si-O-C linkages and the generation of a reactive organosilicon layer on the cotton surface. In the second step, O,O′-diethyl dithiophosphate was grafted directly onto the vinyl-functionalized fabrics via a thiol-ene click reaction. This process resulted in the formation of a phosphorus- and sulfur-containing protective layer anchored within the siloxane-based network. The obtained hybrid coatings were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-EDS. These analyses confirmed the presence and uniform distribution of the modifiers on the fiber surface. Microscale combustion calorimetry demonstrated a substantial reduction in the heat release rate. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) revealed increased char formation and altered thermal degradation pathways. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased for all modified fabrics, confirming enhanced flame resistance. Water contact angle measurements showed values above 130°, indicating effective hydrophobicity. As a result, multifunctional textile surfaces were obtained. In addition, the modified fabrics exhibited partial durability toward laundering and retained measurable flame-retardant and hydrophobic performance after repeated washing cycles. Full article

Plant-based meat analogs, particularly those produced by high-moisture extrusion, are prone to quality deterioration during frozen storage due to poor freeze–thaw stability. This study aimed to develop a synergistic stabilization strategy for soy protein isolate (SPI)-based extrudates using glucose oxidase (GO), phytase (PA), and tamarind gum (TG). The effects of individual additives (GO, PA, TG) and their combination (GO + TG) were systematically evaluated over seven freeze–thaw cycles, with a pure soybean-protein meat analog (PSM) as a control. The results showed that repeated freeze–thaw cycles severely degraded the control groups, leading to reduced water-holding capacity (WHC), increased hardness, and color darkening. While all additives mitigated these changes, the GO + TG combination exhibited the most pronounced protective effect, maintaining the highest WHC (0.993 ± 0.000), optimal texture (hardness 66.0 ± 0.0 N, elasticity 3.7 ± 0.0 mm), and minimal color variation. Structural analyses revealed that GO + TG effectively suppressed protein oxidation, minimized sulfhydryl loss, preserved protein secondary and tertiary structures, and inhibited the conversion of immobilized water to free water. The synergistic mechanism is attributed to the formation of a dual-network structure, wherein GO enhances covalent cross-linking and TG provides steric stabilization. This study offers a practical and effective approach for enhancing the freeze–thaw stability of extruded plant-based meat products, with potential industrial applications. Full article

This study investigates the dimensional stability of FDM-printed Z-ULTRAT components subjected to repeated thermal cycling between −20 °C and 80 °C. Dimensional measurements (height and width) were collected before cycling and after 1, 5, and 10 cycles to quantify thermal-induced drift. Results show that a single thermal cycle produces negligible dimensional change (ΔH ≈ +0.01 mm; ΔW ≈ +0.007 mm), with no statistical significance (p > 0.05). However, repeated cycling leads to cumulative deformation: after 5 and 10 cycles, the average height increased by +0.29–0.30 mm (p < 0.001), while width exhibited a nonlinear contraction–reexpansion behavior with mean variations between −0.05 mm and −0.03 mm (p < 0.05). Standard deviations increased with cycle count, indicating rising variability among specimens. These findings demonstrate that Z-ULTRAT parts experience progressive dimensional drift under sub-Tg thermal cycling, primarily along the build (Z) direction, due to anisotropic thermal response and relaxation of internal stresses. The study highlights the importance of thermal environment considerations in functional and industrial applications involving FDM components. Future work will include microstructural characterization (SEM/XRD) and multi-parameter optimization to better understand and mitigate thermal-induced deformation in polymer-based additively manufactured parts. Full article

Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a complex disease affecting multiple tissues, including skeletal and cardiac muscles, the brain and the eyes. DM1 results from an expansion of CTG repeats in the 3′ UTR of the DMPK gene. Previously, we described that the small-molecule inhibitor of GSK3β, tideglusib (TG), reduces DM1 pathology in DM1 cell and mouse models by correcting the GSK3β-CUGBP1 pathway, decreasing the mutant CUG-containing RNA. Respectively, clinical trials using TG showed promising results for patients with congenital DM1 (CDM1). The drug development in DM1 human studies needs specific and noninvasive biomarkers. We examined the blood levels of active GSK3β in different clinical forms of DM1 and found an increase in active GSK3β in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with CDM1, juvenile DM1 and adult-onset DM1 vs. unaffected patients. The blood levels of active GSK3β correlate with the length of CTG repeats and severity of muscle weakness. Thrombospondin and TGFβ, linked to the TG-GSK3β pathway in DM1, are also elevated in the DM1 patients’ blood. These findings show that the blood levels of active GSK3β might be developed as a potential noninvasive biomarker of muscle weakness in DM1. Full article

This study aims to evaluate the effects of repeated mechanical recycling on the properties of a novel aliphatic polyketone composite reinforced with 15 wt% and 30 wt% glass fibers (PK15GF and PK30GF), providing insights into its potential for sustainable engineering applications. The investigation focuses on three main aspects: changes in melt flow index (MFI) and viscosity, the influence of glass fiber content on thermal and mechanical stability, and the retention of structural integrity and crystallinity under multiple processing cycles. Composites, commercially available since 2019, were subjected to single- and five-cycle recycling with 100% reprocessed content. Comprehensive characterization—including tensile testing, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Melt-Flow Index (MFI), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and mechanical tensile testing—revealed filler-dependent alterations in morphology, thermal stability, and crystallinity. MFI decreased from 100.56 to 42.63 g/10 min for PK15GF, indicating pronounced chain scission, recombination, and crosslinking, whereas PK30GF decreased only from 89.00 to 59.76 g/10 min. FT-IR spectra confirmed greater crosslinking in PK15GF, while DSC and DMA demonstrated smaller T_g and ΔHm variations in PK30GF (T_g +0.45 °C, ΔHm −13.93 J·g⁻¹) versus PK15GF (T_g +1.13 °C, ΔHm −69.24 J·g⁻¹). These findings reveal that higher glass fiber content mitigates degradation, preserves structural integrity, and maintains thermal and viscoelastic stability, establishing clear correlations between filler content, mechanical performance, and recyclability. Overall, this work provides mechanistic insights into degradation pathways and demonstrates the potential of glass fiber-reinforced aliphatic polyketones for sustainable, high-performance engineering and automotive applications. Full article

Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, used in fertilizers, wastewater treatment, and concrete admixtures, has limited toxicity data despite extensive industrial use. This study evaluated its repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats following OECD TG 422, which combines TG 407 and 421 to extend dosing than TG 407 and reduce animal use compared with separate studies. Rats were administered 0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day. Males were treated for 49 days and females from 2 weeks pre-mating to postpartum day 13; the recovery group was observed for an additional 2 weeks. Endpoints included clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, histopathology, reproductive performance, and F1 development. No systemic toxicity was observed in F0 males. Minimal prostate atrophy occurred in high-dose males but was considered non-adverse due to limited severity. One high-dose female died on PPD 1, and high-dose F1 litters showed decreased litter size, increased post-implantation loss, and a reduced live-born index. Based on these results, NOAELs were cautiously assigned 1000 mg/kg/day for repeated-dose and male reproductive toxicity and 300 mg/kg/day for female reproductive and developmental toxicity. TG 422 efficiently characterized hazards while reducing animal use, though its limited duration and scope indicate the need for complementary studies. Full article

Precision and real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) are essential in pharmaceutical, industrial, and defence sectors due to its strong oxidizing nature. In this study, silver (Ag)-doped CeO₂/Ag₂O-modified glassy carbon electrode (Ag-CeO₂/Ag₂O/GCE) has been developed as a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of H₂O₂. The synthesized Ag-doped CeO₂/Ag₂O nanocomposite was characterized using various advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Their optical, magnetic, thermal, and chemical properties were further analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical sensing performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The Ag-CeO₂/Ag₂O/GCE exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for H₂O₂, attributed to the increased number of active sites and enhanced electron transfer. The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 2.728 µA cm⁻² µM⁻¹, significantly outperforming the undoped CeO₂/GCE (0.0404 µA cm⁻² µM⁻¹). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 6.34 µM and 21.1 µM, respectively, within a broad linear detection range of 1 × 10⁻⁸ to 0.5 × 10⁻³ M. The sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity with minimal interference from common analytes, along with outstanding storage stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Owing to these attributes, the Ag-CeO₂/Ag₂O/GCE sensor proved effective for real sample analysis, showcasing its potential as a reliable, non-enzymatic platform for H₂O₂ detection. Full article

This work evaluates the CO₂-adsorption relevance and cycling stability of graphene oxide–silica (GO-SiO₂) and reduced graphene oxide–silica (rGO-SiO₂) gels after amine functionalization, demonstrating high-capacity retention under repeated adsorption–desorption cycles: rGO-SiO₂-APTMS retains ≈96.3% of its initial uptake after 50 cycles, while GO-SiO₂-APTMS retains ≈90.0%. The use of surfactants to control the organization of inorganic and organic molecules has enabled the development of ordered mesostructures, such as mesoporous silica and organic/inorganic nanocomposites. Owing to the outstanding properties of graphene and its derivatives, synthesizing mesostructures intercalated between graphene sheets offers nanocomposites with novel morphologies and enhanced functionalities. In this study, GO-SiO₂ and rGO-SiO₂ gels were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), mass spectrometry (MS), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resulting materials exhibit a laminar architecture, with mesoporous silica domains grown between graphene-based layers; the silica contents are 83.6% and 87.6%, and the specific surface areas reach 446 and 710 m²·g⁻¹, respectively. The laminar architecture is retained regardless of the surfactant-removal route; however, in GO-SiO₂ obtained by solvent extraction, a fraction of the surfactant remains partially trapped. Together with their high surface area, hierarchical porosity, and amenability to surface functionalization, these features establish amine-grafted graphene–silica gels, particularly rGO-SiO₂-APTMS, as promising CO₂-capture adsorbents. Full article

Background/Objectives: In hypertension (HTN), lifestyle modification is important for controlling blood pressure (BP) and lipidemic profile. The HINTreat trial showed that an anti-inflammatory diet was associated with improved endothelial function, after six months of intensive nutritional treatment. Methods: This post hoc analysis of the HINTreat trial examined how adherence to various nutritional patterns like the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and anti-inflammatory diet, had impact on the blood lipids profile and the CVD risk. Patients with stage 1 HTN, allocated either on intensive lifestyle treatment (ILT) or usual care (UC) standard treatment, participated in the analysis. From the original sample size of the HINTreat trial, all patients that were prescribed lipid lowering medication at any time of the study period were excluded from the total analysis; thus, the intervention and the control groups consisted of 33 and 28 patients, respectively. Nutritional intakes were assessed with repeated 24 h recalls from the previous day, and dietary indexes and scores were calculated as follows: MedDiet score, DASH index, and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). After six months of intervention, changes in the nutritional indexes and their effect on the lipidemic profile and CVD risk were analyzed. Results: In the ILT group, reductions were noted in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) for day systolic BP (SBP) (−12.7 mmHg) and diastolic BP (DBP) (−8.4 mmHg), total cholesterol (TC) (−35.4 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG) (−21.4 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (−27.5 mg/dL) concentrations, and CVD risk score (−1.5%), p < 0.001 for all. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary quality indices independently influenced improvements in blood lipid profile and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among patients receiving ILT. Specifically, a higher Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) score was significantly associated with reductions in TC (B = −7.238, p < 0.001), TG (B = −4.103, p = 0.035), and LDL-C (B = −6.431, p = 0.004). The DASH index was positively associated with TG levels (B = 9.913, p = 0.010), suggesting a more complex relationship that may require further investigation. In addition, DII was positively associated with increased CVD risk (B = 0.973, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that ILT can improve BP levels, target blood lipids concentrations, and reduce CVD risk in patients with stage 1 HTN. Full article

Photocatalytic composite materials (TiO₂/SiO₂/BFSF) were first fabricated using the sol–gel method of loading SiO₂ and TiO₂ on blast furnace slag fibers (BFSFs) in sequence and using them as a new carrier. Then, TG-DTA, XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, and UV-Vis absorption spectra, as well as spectrophotometric measurements, were employed to analyze the physicochemical properties of TiO₂. The influence of SiO₂ coating, the number of impregnations in TiO₂ sol, the calcination temperature, and the number of repeated usages on the activity of TiO₂/SiO₂/BFSF was researched by analyzing the degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution. The results show that SiO₂ could increase the load of TiO₂, impede the growth of TiO₂ grains, and inhibit the recombination of electron–hole pairs, ultimately enhancing the photocatalytic activity of samples. The activity of TiO₂/SiO₂/BFSF first quickly increased and then slowly decreased with an increase in the loading times of TiO₂ sol and calcination temperature. After three impregnations in TiO₂ sol and calcining at 450 °C for 2.5 h, a uniform and compact anatase TiO₂ thin film was deposited on the surface of TiO₂/SiO₂/BFSF, showing the strongest activity. When this sample was used to degrade MB aqueous solution for 180 min under ultraviolet light irradiation, the degradation proportion reached a maximum of 96%. After four reuses, the degradation ratio could still reach 67%. In addition, three potential photocatalytic mechanisms were proposed. Finally, the high-value-added application of blast furnace slag for preparing photocatalytic composite materials was achieved, successfully turning solid waste into “treasure”. Full article

Background/Objectives: The consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages, especially when combined with a high-fat (HF) diet, substantially contributes to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscles is a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance, a key feature of these metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the effects of the rare sugar, d-allulose, on fructose-induced insulin resistance. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to fructose-free control diet (CD), HF/fructose-free diet (HF), or HF/fructose diet (HFF) groups. After 4 weeks, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, followed by a two-step hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (HE-clamp) test at 5 weeks. Blood, skeletal muscle, and liver samples were collected after 6 weeks, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Additionally, Western blot was performed on skeletal muscle samples. The same protocol was repeated for the HFF group supplemented with either 5% d-allulose or 5% cellulose. Results: Compared to the CD and HF groups, the HFF group exhibited increased blood glucose levels during the IPGTT and greater systemic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the HE-clamp. Furthermore, plasma, liver, and muscle TG levels were significantly elevated in the HFF group. However, d-allulose supplementation improved insulin resistance in the HFF group and reduced blood, liver, and muscle TG levels. Additionally, insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation were enhanced in the skeletal muscle following d-allulose administration. Conclusions: d-allulose may improve insulin resistance by reducing TG accumulation in the skeletal muscle, potentially independent of its anti-obesity properties. Full article

Background: Wettability of dental implant surfaces is a key factor in the osteointegration process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new hydrophilic surface on implant stability in posterior maxilla rehabilitations. Materials and Methods: A 6-month, single-center, parallel-group clinical trial following STROBE guidelines was reported. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) changes were compared between implants with a moderately rough surface (MultiNeO CS, Alpha-Bio Tec, Israel, Control Group–CG) and those with the same surface and, in addition, nano-scale roughness and hydrophilic properties (MultiNeO NH CS, Alpha-Bio Tec, Israel, Test Group–TG) placed using a crestal sinus lift technique. ISQ values at bucco-lingual (ISQBL) and mesio-distal (ISQMD) sides were measured at insertion (t0), 4 months (t4), and 6 months (t6). Repeated measures ANOVA (RMA) was performed for statistical evaluation. Results: The study included 35 participants (18 TG, 17 CG). Mean ISQBL0 was 69.45 (SD = 12.62), increasing to 71.72 (SD = 6.74) at t4 and 75.21 (SD = 4) at t6. ISQMD0 mean was 67.54 (SD = 12.54), rising to 72.32 (SD = 6.90) at t4 and 75.67 (SD = 4.60) at t6. No statistically significant differences were found between groups, though TG showed a significant increase in ISQBL at t6 vs. t4 and ISQMD at t6 vs. t0. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant variations between mean ISQ differences over time. Conclusion: Both groups exhibited an increasing ISQ trend, but no significant differences were observed between t4–t0 and t6–t4 periods. Further research is required to assess the impact of hydrophilia on early loading, osteointegration, and long-term outcomes. Full article

Background and Objectives: Maternal dyslipidaemia and low-grade inflammation are recognised drivers of in utero vascular remodelling, yet composite dynamic markers that integrate lipid–glycaemic, inflammatory and endothelial signals have not been evaluated. We investigated whether eight-week trajectories in the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) outperform single-timepoint lipids for predicting fetal aortic remodelling. Materials and Methods: In a prospective repeated-measures study, 90 singleton pregnancies were examined at 24–26 weeks (Visit-1) and 32–34 weeks (Visit-2). At each visit, we obtained fasting lipids, TyG index, hsCRP, IL-6, oxidative-stress markers (MDA, NOx), brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid IMT and uterine-artery Doppler, together with advanced fetal ultrasonography (abdominal-aorta IMT, ventricular strain, Tei-index, fetal pulse-wave velocity). Mothers were grouped by k-means clustering of the visit-to-visit change (Δ) in TG, TyG, hsCRP, IL-6 and FMD into three Metabolic-Inflammatory Response Phenotypes (MIRP-1/2/3). Linear mixed-effects models and extreme-gradient-boosting quantified associations and predictive performance. Results: Mean gestational TG rose from 138.6 ± 14.1 mg/dL to 166.9 ± 15.2 mg/dL, TyG by 0.21 ± 0.07 units and FMD fell by 1.86 ± 0.45%. MIRP-3 (“Metabolic + Inflammatory”; n = 31) showed the largest change (Δ) Δ-hsCRP (+0.69 mg/L) and Δ-FMD (–2.8%) and displayed a fetal IMT increase of +0.17 ± 0.05 mm versus +0.07 ± 0.03 mm in MIRP-1 (p < 0.001). Mixed-effects modelling identified Δ-TyG (β = +0.054 mm per unit), Δ-IL-6 (β = +0.009 mm) and Δ-FMD (β = –0.007 mm per %) as independent determinants of fetal IMT progression. An XGBoost model incorporating these Δ-variables predicted high fetal IMT (≥90th percentile) with AUROC 0.88, outperforming logistic regression (AUROC 0.74). Conclusions: A short-term surge in maternal TyG, IL-6 and endothelial dysfunction delineates a high-risk phenotype that doubles fetal aortic wall thickening and impairs myocardial performance. Composite dynamic indices demonstrated superior predictive value compared with individual lipid markers. Full article