Search Results (383)

We develop the geometry of events in a deformable cellular spacetime, extending our earlier cellular-spaces framework from cellular complexes to cellular events complexes. The framework operates within the conformal class of Minkowski space; in four dimensions, this is the vanishing-Weyl-tensor sector, which excludes Schwarzschild, Kerr, and gravitational-wave spacetimes. The framework treats integer counts of cell crossings as the primitive geometric data: spatial separation between events is the shortest count of face-adjacent cells; temporal separation is the cell-crossing count of a reference light pulse. Newton’s universal clock is replaced by an operational one: the temporal count distance is the ratio of cell length to the speed of light through a cell, and because both quantities are invariants of the co-deformation, the temporal count is itself an invariant: temporal separation is operationally measured via light-pulse counts rather than posited as an external coordinate. Under the co-deformation principle, a single positive scalar field $\rho$ (cell density) controls both the rod length and the clock period. We prove six results, all expressed in terms of counts on the cellular events complex, with a smooth conformally flat metric $\tilde{g}=e^{2\phi }\eta$ ($\phi =-\frac{1}{3}ln\rho$) appearing only as the comparison/calibration object for convergence statements. First, the scalar curvature of the smooth comparison metric is the closed-form differential operator $\tilde{R}=2\square \rho /{\rho }^{1/3}-(8/3){(\partial \rho )}^2/{\rho }^{4/3}$. Second, the volume of a small Alexandrov interval admits an explicit asymptotic expansion in the interval height T, with leading correction $Q(m,u)T^2$ involving an anisotropic invariant at the midpoint m. Third, Q is irreducible to scalar and Ricci-directional invariants alone; the explicit decomposition $Q=\frac{1}{45}\tilde{R}+\frac{1}{5}{\tilde{R}}_{uu}+\frac{1}{2}\mathcal{J}$ exhibits a third independent invariant $\mathcal{J}(m,u)={(u·\partial )}^2\phi \left(m\right)$ as new structural content of the Lorentzian diagnostic. Fourth, the discrete-to-continuum convergence of counts on the cellular events complex yields a counts-only curvature estimator with rate $O\left(\sqrt{a}\right)$ at the joint scaling $T\asymp \sqrt{a}$. Fifth, the smooth comparison metric itself is reconstructible from counts on the discrete complex at rate $O\left(a\right)$: the conformally flat Lorentzian geometry is uniquely determined, up to background Minkowski calibration, by the cellular events complex. Sixth, a finite collection of Alexandrov-interval volume measurements at a fixed midpoint suffices to recover the full local curvature data $\{\tilde{R}\left(m\right),{\tilde{R}}_{\mu \nu }\left(m\right),\mathcal{J}(m,u)\}$ at rate $O\left(\sqrt{a}\right)$ (curvature spectroscopy); and the temporal light-tick count $\lambda$ is essential in a precise sense—there exist conformally flat Lorentzian geometries indistinguishable on every spatial slice by the earlier spatial-only diagnostic but distinguished at the origin by the events-space directional invariant. The framework’s scope is the conformal class of Minkowski: flat FLRW in conformal time, leading-order weak-field gravity, and 2D gravity. This paper is a mathematical contribution to discrete-to-continuum geometry on cellular events complexes; it is not a physical theory of gravity. Full article

Eco-labels communicate environmental information to consumers, yet evidence regarding their effectiveness remains mixed. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, this study examines relationships among empathy, environmental behavior, willingness to pay for eco-labeled products, product preferences, and visual attention to environmental cues. Data were collected from 121 participants in Istanbul, Türkiye, using questionnaires and eye-tracking measurements. Participants evaluated six beverage categories presented in neutral, eco-label logo, and environmental-message conditions while fixation and saccade metrics were recorded. Empathy was positively associated with environmental behavior (r = 0.585, p < 0.001) and willingness to pay for eco-labeled products (r = 0.699, p < 0.001), but not with product preferences. Differences in product preferences according to environmental behavior emerged only in the green smoothie and coffee categories, where participants with higher environmental behavior scores were more likely to prefer environmental-message products. Eye-tracking analyses indicated that the relationship between environmental behavior and visual attention varied across product categories and areas of interest. Heatmap analyses showed that eco-label logos and environmental messages redirected visual attention toward sustainability-related information. The findings indicate that consumer responses to eco-labels depend on individual characteristics and product context. The results provide practical implications for firms and policymakers seeking to improve eco-label design and environmental communication strategies. Full article

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is constrained in deep heavy-oil reservoirs by wellbore heat losses, delayed steam-chamber development and high steam–oil ratio (SOR). This study develops an experimentally parameterized reduced-order screening framework for thermocable-assisted SAGD, formulated as a digital-twin prototype that couples heat transfer, temperature-dependent viscosity, chamber-growth geometry and energy-efficiency indicators. The formulation is evaluated within an experimentally parameterized screening matrix covering steam temperature, oil viscosity, permeability, depth, cable power and early heating time. The graphical dependencies are presented in a unified publication format and supplemented by heat-balance, chamber-field, sensitivity and operating-window analyses. For the reference experimental case, thermocable support increases oil rate from 84.1 to 96.1 t/day and reduces SOR from 2.70 to 2.30 t/t. The cable heat input is small relative to useful steam heat; therefore, its effect is interpreted through local compensation of downstream heat deficit and longitudinal temperature stabilization rather than through bulk energy addition. The strongest sensitivity is associated with steam rate, oil viscosity and depth, whereas cable power shows a beneficial but saturating effect. The proposed reduced-order digital-twin prototype is intended for feasibility screening, preliminary operating-window selection and prioritization of candidate regimes for detailed thermal-reservoir simulation and subsequent field-scale validation. Full article

This study examined the influence of social media content and online member group support on the environmental attitudes and green self-identity of organic food consumers in Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, data were collected from 766 consumers in Ecuador (n = 310), Peru (n = 259), and Chile (n = 197) through an online survey, the participants were adults from Ecuador, Peru, and Chile with different educational backgrounds who had purchased or consumed organic products during the month preceding the survey. The proposed model was assessed using partial least-squares structural equation modeling. The results revealed that both social media content and online member group support positively influenced environmental attitudes, while environmental attitudes significantly strengthened green self-identity, which in turn positively affected purchasing behavior of organic products. Although some relationships varied across countries, the mediating effects of environmental attitudes were consistently supported. Furthermore, the Measurement Invariance of Composite Models procedure established compositional invariance for all constructs across the three country pairs, and multigroup analysis did not identify significant differences in structural relationships between Ecuador and Peru or between Ecuador and Chile. These findings confirm the transnational robustness of the proposed framework, providing valuable insights into how digital social environments influence environmental attitudes, strengthen ecological self-identity, and promote the purchase of organic foods. Full article

Virtual tourism is a key emerging form of digital sustainable tourism that supports the sustainable transformation of the tourism industry. Although scholars have increasingly investigated how virtual tourism experiences influence on-site destination visit intentions, there is still a lack of systematic explanations for the underlying formation mechanism. Furthermore, research on the experience-behavior transformation mechanism of virtual tourism platforms remains inadequate. To fill these gaps, this study integrates the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, Technology Readiness Model (TR) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to construct an emotional-technology psychology–cognition–behavior chain-mediated model. Using 683 valid questionnaires, the proposed model was examined via structural equation modeling and Bootstrap analysis. Results reveal that perceived enjoyment strengthens technology optimism and alleviates technology insecurity. Technology optimism positively predicts perceived usefulness and ease of use, while technology insecurity shows a negative effect on perceived usefulness. Perceived ease of use enhances perceived usefulness, which further promotes intention to use the platform’s virtual modules, thereby increasing real destination visit intentions. Perceived ease of use enhances intention to use the platform’s virtual modules, while increasing real destination visit intentions. Perceived ease of use enhances intention to use the platform’s virtual modules, and further promotes real destination visit intentions through chain-mediated pathways. Notably, perceived enjoyment exerts significant chain-mediating effects through three pathways: technology optimism → perceived usefulness → virtual module usage intention; technology optimism → perceived ease of use → virtual module usage intention; and technology optimism → perceived ease of use → perceived usefulness → virtual module usage intention. This study extends the application of the SOR framework to digital sustainable tourism contexts, clarifies micro-psychological transformation mechanisms, and provides practical implications for platform optimization, destination marketing and tourism development. Full article

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) remains one of the most energy-intensive technologies for heavy-oil recovery because production response is controlled not only by injected heat but also by spatial heat delivery, wellbore losses, viscosity reduction and steam chamber geometry. This paper develops a physics-guided digital twin for SAGD with distributed thermocable assistance and a bounded residual machine learning correction layer. The framework combines a heat-delivery model, temperature-dependent oil mobility, scenario analysis and decision-oriented visualization within a reproducible computational experiment. A reference operating envelope was formulated for heavy-oil reservoirs, including depth, horizontal well length, permeability, porosity, oil viscosity, steam temperature, injection rate, thermocable power and cable coverage. The analysis includes sensitivity testing, cumulative-production/SOR dynamics and Pareto-type operating-window mapping. In the reference computational scenario, which is treated as an illustrative screening case rather than as field-history validation, the thermocable-assisted hybrid configuration changed the model-calculated eight-year cumulative oil from 452.5 × 10³ m³ to 615.2 × 10³ m³ and the mean SOR from 3.17 to 2.72 t/t relative to the conventional SAGD physics-core case. The largest sensitivities were associated with steam rate, steam temperature, initial viscosity and permeability. Within the declared operating envelope, the results support the use of the framework as a pre-field screening tool and indicate that thermocable assistance should be interpreted primarily as spatial heat distribution control rather than as a field-validated production-improvement guarantee. Full article

This paper develops a theoretical framework for corporate financial resilience under incomplete-market conditions, in which firm-specific equity derivatives are structurally unavailable or only weakly developed. Using the Romanian capital market and the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE) as a focal context rather than as the paper’s sole relevance, the study links Tobin’s q, liquidity policy, capital structure, ESG governance, and the domestic quasi-risk-free benchmark ($R_f^{ROM}$) to explain how firms may partly support financial flexibility when direct hedging instruments are missing. This is a conceptual framework paper: it does not provide empirical tests or validated firm-level results but instead formulates empirically testable propositions (P1–P4) and a future empirical research agenda. Building on selective hedging theory, Tobin’s q investment theory ESG finance and organisational resilience research, the framework identifies six assumptions of the classical model that are violated and four limitations affecting q measurement on the BSE. Within thin and illiquid markets, Tobin’s q is treated as a noisy, imperfect valuation signal rather than as a precise decision threshold. The paper contributes by delimiting the scope conditions under which classical q-based and selective-hedging assumptions weaken in derivative-constrained markets by reframing financial flexibility as a conditional resilience mechanism rather than a hedge substitute and by specifying falsifiable propositions for future empirical testing in the Romanian capital-market context. Full article

Nature-based wellness resorts have emerged as tourism spaces that integrate leisure, wellness, and sustainability. However, the psychological mechanism through which these resort experiences shape visitors’ positive emotions and sustainable behavioral intention remains insufficiently understood. Drawing on Schmitt’s strategic experiential modules and the stimulus–organism–response framework, this study examines the relationships among nature-based wellness resort experiences, positive emotional experience, leisure satisfaction, attitude toward sustainable resort use, and sustainable behavioral intention. An online survey was conducted among Korean adults who had visited green-season nature-based wellness resorts in Gangwon-do and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, within the previous 12 months. Using 786 valid responses, the data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that feel, act, and relate experiences significantly influenced positive emotional experience, with act experience having the strongest effect, whereas sense and think experiences were not significant predictors. Positive emotional experience positively influenced leisure satisfaction, attitude toward sustainable resort use, and sustainable behavioral intention. Leisure satisfaction and attitude toward sustainable resort use also had positive effects on sustainable behavioral intention. In addition, mediation analysis confirmed that leisure satisfaction and attitude toward sustainable resort use partially mediated the relationship between positive emotional experience and sustainable behavioral intention. These findings extend experiential marketing theory and the S-O-R framework to nature-based wellness resort research and demonstrate that positive emotional experience serves as a key psychological pathway linking resort experiences to sustainable behavioral intention. Full article

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) remains one of the most effective thermal enhanced-oil-recovery technologies for heavy-oil reservoirs; however, its energy performance is strongly constrained by wellbore heat losses, delayed steam-chamber development, and an increase in the steam–oil ratio (SOR) under deep or thermally unfavorable conditions. This study develops a physics-based computational digital-twin framework for thermocable-assisted SAGD and evaluates the influence of steam temperature, oil viscosity, permeability, reservoir depth, thermocable linear power, and heating time on oil production and SOR. The model couples wellbore heat transfer, temperature-dependent viscosity reduction, steam-chamber geometry, heat-loss compensation by an electrical thermocable, and production response. The results show that increasing steam temperature from 220 to 300 °C raises the oil rate by approximately 13–15% and reduces SOR from about 2.47 to 2.30. Increasing oil viscosity from 300 to 1500 mPa·s decreases the oil rate by more than 25% and increases SOR above 3.0. Thermocable integration increases the oil rate by approximately 8–12% in the base scenario and reduces SOR by 5–10% compared with conventional SAGD. The highest relative benefit is obtained in deeper reservoirs, where additional heat input compensates wellbore heat losses and stabilizes the temperature profile. These findings indicate that thermocable-assisted SAGD can improve energy efficiency and extend the practical operating window of thermal recovery in heavy-oil reservoirs. Full article

Heavy and highly viscous oils account for a significant proportion of the world’s hydrocarbon reserves. The development of these reserves in harsh climates is associated with technological risks due to paraffin deposits and equipment corrosion. Ensuring reliable transportation requires operational monitoring of the physical and chemical properties of fluids directly at the wellhead. Traditional laboratory methods such as SARA fractionation and gas chromatography (GC) are time-consuming and can yield to distortions in the sample composition during transportation. Field optical methods, such as an infrared (IR) spectroscopy are complicated by the optical heterogeneity of crude oils due to emulsified water, supramolecular associations of resins, asphaltenes, and paraffins. In this paper, ultrasonic (US) sample preparation for high-viscosity oils is justified as a method for increasing the reliability and information content of field IR spectroscopic analysis by unmasking the diagnostic extrema of absorption bands that are initially distorted by emulsified water, baseline scattering, and radiation scattering from large resin–asphaltene–paraffin aggregates. The technique is based on cavitation-induced destruction of emulsion shells and disaggregation of the structural framework without volume thermal heating. Experimental data obtained from watered high-viscosity oil has shown that 9 min of the US exposure reduces the light scattering index $I_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}}$ by 92.83%, bringing the system into a less heterogeneous state. Statistical correlation analysis confirmed that emulsions and aggregates are the main scattering centers, and their destruction correlates directly with the transparency of the medium. Stability of spectral indices $I_{{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3/{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2}$, $I_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}}$ and $I_{\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}}$ indicates the absence of chemical degradation or oxidation at the US exposure intensity of 0.12 W/mL, confirming the physical nature of the effect. The proposed method makes it possible to implement automated monitoring of the properties of high-viscosity oil directly at the wellhead, minimizing logistic costs and risks of the sample degradation. The practical significance of the proposed method is to improve the reliability and information content of wellhead monitoring by reducing optical heterogeneity and making diagnostic significant IR absorption extremes more distinguishable for further interpretation. Full article

Occupation-level psychological profiles, such as RIASEC interests and Big Five personality, underpin career counseling, person–job matching, and workforce research, but building them at scale has been expensive and limited to a few national taxonomies. The O*NET Interest Profiler, the largest operationalization of RIASEC, took more than two decades of worker surveys, expert ratings, and iterative empirical calibration to construct, and the 2022 Chinese Occupational Classification has no comparable psychological database. Large language models (LLMs) offer a scalable alternative, but using them as raters raises issues that single-model designs do not resolve: inter-rater reliability, calibration to external benchmarks, and systematic psychometric validation. We propose a multi-agent LLM framework in which three LLMs serve as separate expert raters, in-context anchors align the rating scale, and a separate arbitrator resolves rater disagreements. We applied the framework to all 1636 occupations in the 2022 Chinese Occupational Classification, producing six RIASEC and five Big Five scores per occupation. RIASEC dimensions showed uniformly excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC [2,1] = 0.87 to 0.98) and high convergent correlations with O*NET (r = 0.84 to 0.96); structural validity received weak support (Tracey’s C = 0.653, ns), though the dimensions differentiated occupational categories as theory predicts, and the profile space recovered the administrative taxonomy (adjusted Rand index, ARI = 0.418). Big Five absolute agreement was uniformly high, although ICC(2,1) values for Conscientiousness and Neuroticism were attenuated by variance compression and model-level calibration offsets rather than rater disagreement. The Big Five scores are, therefore, suited to broad occupational differentiation, particularly on Openness and Extraversion, rather than to fine-grained rank ordering on Conscientiousness or Neuroticism. The framework also yields the first occupation-level RIASEC and Big Five database for the 2022 Chinese Occupational Classification, openly available for applied use. Full article

This study examines how live-streaming cues influence impulsive purchase intention in fresh-fruit e-commerce, where consumers face substantial quality uncertainty and limited opportunities for pre-purchase inspection. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, we examine five stimuli—anchor professionalism, anchor interactivity, visual attractiveness, price discount, and scarcity—and test whether perceived value (cognitive) and positive emotions (affective) operate as parallel mediators. Based on survey data from 353 Chinese consumers, the results show that anchor professionalism, anchor interactivity, price discount, and scarcity are positively associated with impulsive purchase intention both directly and indirectly through perceived value and positive emotions, whereas visual presentation follows a different pattern. Contrary to the common assumption that vividness primarily triggers emotional impulse, visual attractiveness does not exhibit a robust direct effect on purchase intention; instead, its influence is transmitted dominantly through cognitive perceived value rather than affective positive emotions. This finding suggests that, in high-uncertainty perishable categories, vivid presentation is more consequential when it helps consumers evaluate product value than when it merely stimulates affective reactions. The study offers targeted implications for S-O-R theory and provides practical guidance for platform design and promotional disclosure in real-time e-commerce. Full article

In Industry 5.0 (I5.0), close-proximity human–robot collaboration demands communication beyond conventional alarms and speech. Nonverbal auditory communication offers a complementary modality, yet its role in I5.0 remains unmapped. This scoping review maps nonverbal auditory communication research in I5.0 Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) and compares it with general HRI literature to identify transfer potential and research gaps. Peer-reviewed English-language articles (2023–April 2026) addressing nonverbal sound in HRI contexts were included. Speech, emotion detection, haptic interfaces and non-HRI domains were excluded. A search with two syntaxes across Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM and MDPI, supplemented by citation searching, targeted I5.0-specific (Syntax S1) and general HRI auditory literature (Syntax S2). This created two article record sets, n1 and n2. Articles were organized following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and PRISMA-ScR into four inductively derived clusters: Sonification, Multimodal Feedback Systems, Safety and Frameworks and Concepts. From 782 initial records, 16 (n1) and 32 (n2) articles were included. In I5.0, multimodal feedback dominates: intentionally designed nonverbal sounds improve situational awareness, reduce cognitive workload and increase perceived safety. Compared to n2, which is shaped by social robotics and emotion-driven sound design, five gaps emerge in I5.0: absent emotion-related sound perception research, missing field studies, missing industry-specific sound design frameworks, underutilized sonification for spatial awareness and safety and no unimodal auditory studies under realistic industrial conditions. A dedicated sound design framework operationalizing I5.0 communicative requirements into designable sound parameters is needed, alongside empirical validation under realistic industrial noise conditions. Full article

The sustainable development of forest ecotourism relies on the effective stimulation of tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior, and the intervention of participatory art and aesthetics provides a new driving force for this process. Taking Xiqiaoshan National Forest Park (Nanhai Land Art Festival) as a case study, we propose an extended stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) theoretical framework to reveal the psychological perception and transmission mechanism of participatory art and aesthetic experience in empowering the sustainable development of ecotourism. We used a hybrid approach combining PLS-SEM and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analyze survey data from 596 Chinese tourists. The study found that sensory impressions driven by art and aesthetics significantly and positively influence tourists’ natural connections, perceived value, and ecotourism attitudes. These three constructs function as significant parallel mediators between sensory impressions and environmentally responsible behavior, while chain mediation effects are statistically significant but of small magnitude. The new environmental paradigm (NEP), conceptualized as an individual trait boundary condition, exhibits a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between sensory impressions and connectedness to nature. ANN sensitivity analysis further complements the findings by demonstrating the prominent nonlinear predictive role of ecotourism attitudes in behavioral transformation. This study extends the application boundaries of the S-O-R theory to art-integrated ecotourism research, clarifies the internalization process of tourist experiences from sensory perception to behavioral enactment, and provides empirical evidence for forest tourism managers to optimize experience design and implement differentiated guidance strategies. Full article

Traditional dementia care training often falls short in equipping staff with the knowledge and skills needed to improve quality of life for people with dementia. Virtual Reality (VR)-based experiential learning has emerged as a promising approach, enhancing learning outcomes and training experience for individuals receiving education and training related to dementia care. This scoping review mapped VR education tools used in dementia care, the UX-related measurement methods employed, and the extent to which UX design has been integrated into these tools. Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, a systematic search was conducted across seven databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, PubMed). PRISMA ScR guidelines were used to map gaps in UX design and engagement strategies within VR learning systems. Data were extracted using a comprehensive UX framework for immersive VR to synthesize user experience components. Twenty-four peer-reviewed publications were included, covering VR scenario development and UX. The findings suggest potential benefits of integrating UX principles into VR education tools to support training experience, learner satisfaction, and care quality. A key gap was identified: limited and inconsistent integration of UX design components and measurement methods within existing VR tools. Drawing on these insights, the review provides practical guidance for optimizing VR training programs in dementia care. Full article