Search Results (20)

This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities for improvAzing the quality of energy management systems adopted at open-pit mining enterprises in the Russian Federation. The main idea of the work is to apply stochastic boundary value analysis methods using the production function for individual and integral estimates of the performance of energy-consuming objects when performing various types of technological work. It is shown that mining enterprises are experiencing problems in the field of rational energy consumption due to the lack of strictly formalized ways to determine the frontiers of the efficiency value of the parameter of specific energy consumption (SEC). A justification is given for the need to apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) methods and use the Cobb–Douglas production function to account for the nonlinearity and stochasticity of the operating conditions of energy-consuming mining objects. The results of a statistical analysis of the data on the operation of EKG-10 excavators at operating enterprises in Siberia are presented, as well as an assessment of their energy efficiency using the adopted approach based on planning the target value of SEC. The results of computational experiments on constructing an energy efficiency model using the SFA/Cobb–Douglas function for various data segmentation options are presented. Computational experiments have been conducted to compare variants based on the Cobb–Douglas production function and translog function with semi-normal and exponential distribution forms for the same data set. A comparative assessment is given of the approaches to the complex analysis of activities adopted at enterprises and proposed in this study, characterizing potential hidden energy losses in the range from 4.53% to 20.73%. Full article

This study explores translanguaging as a flexible and adaptive strategy for heritage language transmission within multilingual families residing in Cyprus, Estonia, and Sweden. Using a qualitative approach, the research examines family language policies, parental beliefs, and the linguistic practices of bilingual and multilingual families, where one parent speaks Russian. The findings reveal how translanguaging supports bilingual development by fostering linguistic adaptability, bridging heritage and societal languages, and accommodating diverse sociolinguistic contexts. Parents in each country implement unique strategies, influenced by local linguistic landscapes, educational systems, and resource availability. In Cyprus, some families strictly adhered to structured methods like the One Parent–One Language strategy, while others adopted a more integrative multilingual approach, seamlessly translanguaging between Russian, Greek, and English in their daily interactions. Estonian and Swedish families display pragmatic adaptations, emphasizing translanguaging’s role in promoting the emotional well-being and linguistic identity of family members. However, certain challenges persist, including societal language dominance, literacy and educational resource scarcity, and the potential overuse of translanguaging in formal communication. By comparing these contexts, the study underscores the need for flexible yet deliberate family language policies, institutional support, and community resources to sustain bilingualism in bilingual and multilingual families. This research contributes to understanding translanguaging’s implications for intergenerational language transmission in minority and immigrant settings, offering insights for educators, linguists, and policymakers on fostering linguistic diversity and equity in globalized societies. Full article

Russian Roulette is a well-known cruel gambling game and its concepts and methods have been exploited in a lot of research fields for decades. However, abundant useful information contained in the process of Russian Roulette is seldom studied with a mathematical model with interpretability. To this end, we define the $2R$ formal context to model Russian Roulette and carry out 3-valued concept analysis for $2R$ formal contexts to mine useful information. At first, the uniqueness of $2R$ formal contexts is discussed from a formal concept analysis viewpoint. And then we propose 3-valued $2R$ concepts and discuss their properties and the connections with the basic $2R$ concepts. Experimental analysis demonstrates that 3-valued $2R$ concept lattices can show many more different details compared with basic $2R$ concept lattices. Finally, a case study about a Chinese herbal medicine is introduced to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. Full article

In northeast Russia, the famous historic Kolyma Road spans two thousand kilometers across two federal subjects of the Russian Federation: the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Magadan Oblast. Thousands of people live along and in close proximity to the road, depending on it for communication, mobility, goods, and life support. As the major transportation infrastructure in the entire region, it should be reliable and stable for local communities’ well-being. One strategic approach to ensure its reliability is to acknowledge the role of Indigenous knowledge, which has been neglected despite being established long before the emergence of existing formal systems of communication. Based on data collected through fieldwork, personal observations, and conversations, this paper aims to demonstrate that Indigenous knowledge regarding ways of living, moving, and communicating along and on the road is the key to sustainability in the region. As a result, we claim that this realization should be manifested in designing and implementing communication and mobility systems based on the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion. In the long term, it is necessary to develop a sustainable road management system for the Kolyma Road to ensure the security and well-being of local communities and for everyone visiting and working on the road. Full article

This study investigates the production of clausal embeddings by 195 Russian speakers (67 monolingually raised speakers, 68 heritage speakers in the US, and 60 heritage speakers in Germany) in different communicative situations varying by formality (formal vs. informal) and mode (spoken vs. written). Semi-spontaneous data were manually annotated for clause type and analyzed using a binomial generalized mixed-effects model. Our results show that heritage speakers of both groups and monolingually raised speakers behave alike regarding their use of embedded clauses. Specifically, all speaker groups produce embedded clauses more frequently in formal situations compared to informal situations. Mode was not found to influence the production of embedded clauses. This behavior suggests an underlying register awareness in heritage speakers of Russian. Such register awareness might be a result of the high involvement of heritage speakers with Russian. This study contributes to our understanding of linguistic outcomes of heritage speakers and highlights the influence of communicative situations on language production. Full article

The assumption of similarity between artistic speech melody and music was deeply rooted in Russian Symbolism and based on the culturally established analogy between poetry/lyrical prosody and music. This connection was the basis for a wide range of performative practices focused on performed word such as the experiments of director Vsevolod Meyerhold and composer Mikhail Gnesin in Petrograd theater studios in 1900–1910s, and the collective declamation of Vasilii Serezhnikov and Vsevolod Vsevolodskii-Gerngross. However, after the October revolution, this analogy not only inspired new artistic paths, but also new approaches in humanities. This article explores the correlation between a practice-based strategy and advanced theory that characterized the structure and curricula of the Petrograd Institute of the Living Word (Institut zhivogo slova; 1918–1924). Its specific institutional features affected the development of disciplines in the fields of linguistics, poetics, and literary studies. The earlier period of its work (1918–1921) was defined by the search for common ground, which could unite representatives of different disciplines. The study of the melody of speech, which this article is focused on, became one of the key joint research projects of the Institute’s team. It is the perspective of the Institute of the Living Word’s research projects and performance-related art practices that is used for analysis of the Russian Formalist approaches in the 1910s–20s, specifically articles and books of philologist Boris Eikhenbaum on the melody and composition of verse intonation. Full article

This article presents RuPro, a new corpus resource of prosodically annotated speech by Russian heritage speakers in the U.S. and monolingually raised Russian speakers. The corpus contains data elicited in formal and informal communicative situations, by male/female and adolescent/adult speakers. The resource is presented with its architecture and annotation, and it is shown how it is used for the analysis of intonational features of spontaneous mono- and bilingual Russian speech. The analyses investigate the length of intonation phrases, types and number of pitch accents, and boundary tones. It emerges that the speaker groups do not differ in the inventory of pitch accents and boundary tones or in the relative frequency of these tonal events. However, they do differ in the length of intonation phrases (IPs), with heritage speakers showing shorter IPs also in the informal communicative situation. Both groups also differ concerning the number of pitch accents used on content words, with heritage speakers using more pitch accents than monolingually raised speakers. The results are discussed with respect to register differentiation and differences in prosodic density across both speaker groups. Full article

The paper considers the problems of legal regulation and environmental policy in Russia and Kazakhstan related to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The focus of this study is in the plane of studying the features of legislative regulation and the arrangement of political priorities in the two countries in order to determine their similarities and differences. The study intends to assess the current state of the legislative regulation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of achieving individual SDGs. Taking into account the object of this study, the assessment of the readiness of countries to achieve the SDGs is carried out within the framework of such criteria as: (1) the current state of the relevant legislation in the field of environmental protection and natural resource management and the analysis of legislative regulation in terms of adaptability to achieve the SDGs, and (2) the role of programmatic-strategic documents in areas corresponding to the SDGs, covering environmental protection and natural resource management. A study of the experience of the Russian Federation gives grounds to say that the fragmented and inconsistent approaches enshrined in policy documents and Russian regulatory legal acts regulating nature management cause duplication of certain provisions of regulatory legal acts. Both Russian and Kazakhstani legislators avoid the universal application of the concept of “sustainable development goals” as a separate category in lawmaking, reserving the right to interpret this term at their own discretion. Formally, in the legislation and strategic and program documents of both countries there is no normative binding justifying the focus on achieving the SDGs, or tools for achieving them. However, on the part of Kazakhstan, strategic documents and national laws and regulations governing sustainable resource management are less diversified and more consistent with each other. The study gives grounds to say that in view of the presence in the Russian legal field of many inconsistent laws and political documents, harmonization of strategic documents related to the achievement of the SDGs is an urgent issue for the Russian Federation. For RK, this problem is less obvious. At the regulatory level, the instruments for achieving the UN SDGs and their indicators are not enshrined in the laws of both countries. References to the defining role of the UN SDGs are absent both in the text of the strategic documents of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Full article

The development of the author’s concept of the International Flows Equilibrium Exchange Rate (IFEER) is the basis for the mathematical exchange rate modeling of two interconnected equal economies. IFEER-concept allows modeling the exchange rate dynamics of relatively medium-term equilibrium and short- and long-term disequilibrium. Discrete and integral versions of the concept are the basis for further modeling. New structural models of medium-, short- and long-term dynamics and new final structural dependencies of the exchange rate on the system of fundamental factors are the main results. The models include mathematically formalized export-import and capital flows and international competitive advantages indicators. The modeling allowed the revealing of the structural pricing mechanism of the exchange rate dynamics from new positions. We verify the US dollar to the Russian ruble exchange rate modeling during periods of financial and economic crises in recent Russian history, based on a systematic analysis of the exchange rate policy. Because of the analysis, the fall in export prices of oil and other energy carriers in international markets, the rise in consumer prices within the country, and the fall in aggregate output are the main reasons for the fall of the Russian ruble. The conducted modeling allows for the evaluation of the short-term contribution to the crisis depreciation dynamics. The mathematical tools allow for the development of the decision-making process on the exchange rate regulation. Full article

The article examines the paintings by Eduard Steinberg, a Soviet non-conformist painter from the 1950s to the 1980s from the standpoint of the plastics of his language. The author focuses on Steinberg’s polemical dialogues with the greatest names in Russian and European avant-garde art, including both common points and disagreements. By analyzing the painter’s texts through the prism of poetics of the invisible and the ontology of traces, the author observes Steinberg’s early art of the 1960s and 1970s as an attempt to create a symbolic language and attach an ideographic status to art. Through simultaneous use of two artistic strategies—mystical and religious symbolism, coupled with metageometry Steinberg arrives at optical formalism and spectator dialectics, vying to see the invisible and record the polysemantic nature of the symbolic sign. The article analyzes the influence Vladimir Veisberg and his “invisible painting” had on Steinberg, including the “white on white” style, as well as Giorgio Morandi’s still-life vision of metaphysical painting. The author believes that by relying on analogies and reminiscences, Steinberg refers his audience to his predecessors and joins them in an intertextual dialogue. A special place here belongs to Kazimir Malevich with his radicalism, his trend towards metasymbolism and the language of the basic forms—the circle, square and cross. All of these are close to Steinberg’s geometric plastics of the 1970s and 1980s. Staying true to the pure forms of Suprematism, Steinberg builds up an aesthetics of the geometric forms of his own, where abstract art comes together with the ontological progress towards God. The Countryside series (1985–1987) shows influence of Кazimir Malevich’s Peasant Cycle, some principles of icon painting and Neo-Primitivist art. Full article

This article seeks to recover the financial rights of separated women living in the Muslim communities of Russia’s Volga-Ural region in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It argues that by the 1780s–1820s, separated Muslim women were guaranteed certain rights and powers over their marital finances and personal property. These rights emerged out of a complex plural legal landscape created by the Volga-Ural region’s complicated religious and political history in the late medieval and early modern periods. By the end of the eighteenth century, separated Muslim women could claim certain financial rights under both Islamic law and Russian civil law, but had to pursue different kinds of claims through different legal systems. The legal landscape and practices that evolved in relation to separated women’s rights during the early modern period became formalized and institutionalized in the nineteenth century and persisted until the collapse of the Russian empire. Full article

The objective of this study was to create a representative earthquake catalog for the Eastern Sector of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation that combines all available data from Russian and international seismological agencies, with magnitude reduction to a uniform scale. The article describes the catalog compilation algorithm, as well as formalized procedures for removing duplicates and choosing the optimal magnitude scale. Due to different network configurations and record processing methods, different agencies may register/miss different events. This results in the absence of some events in different earthquake catalogs. Therefore, merging the data of various seismological agencies will provide the most complete catalog for the studied region. When merging catalogs, the problem of identifying duplicates (records related to the same seismic event) necessarily arises. An additional difficulty arises when distinguishing between aftershocks and duplicates since both are events that are close in space and time. To solve this problem, we used a modified nearest neighbor method developed earlier by the authors. The modified version, which is focused on identifying duplicates and distinguishing between duplicates and aftershocks, uses a probabilistic metric in the network error space to determine the epicenters and times of seismic events. In the present paper, a comparison and regression analysis of the different magnitude types of the integrated catalog is carried out, and based on the obtained ratios, the magnitude estimates are unified. Full article

The problem of sustainable development is one of the central issues on the agenda of the global community. However, it is difficult to assess the pace and quality of sustainable development of individual economic systems—in particular, industry—due to the lack of a unified methodological approach. In this regard, the following research goal was formulated—to develop and test a methodology for forecasting sustainable development by using statistical tools. The achievement of the goal was facilitated by the application of formalization methods, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, the method of weighted sum of the criteria, and the method of comparison. The results of the study are new scientific and practical solutions that develop the ability to diagnose economic systems for the transition to environmentally friendly production. Firstly, methodological solutions are proposed to assess the nature of the transition of industry to sustainable development (low, medium, or high rate). The methodology is based on the proposed aggregated indicator of sustainable industrial development based on the results of factor analysis (by the method of principal components). As a result, the patterns of sustainable development of the extractive and manufacturing sectors of the Russian economy are revealed. Secondly, integral indicators of economic, environmental and social factors of sustainable development are calculated, and classification functions for each type of industrial transition to sustainable development (low, medium, or high) are formed through discriminant analysis. Scenarios of industrial development are developed, taking into account the multidirectional trajectories of the socioeconomic development of the country. Thirdly, the DFD model of the process of scenario forecasting of sustainable industrial development is formalized, reflecting the movement of data flows necessary for forecasting sustainable industrial development. It is revealed that the manufacturing industry is expected to maintain a low rate of transition to sustainable development. On the contrary, for the extractive industry, if efforts and resources are concentrated on environmental innovations, average transition rates are predicted. The uniqueness of the proposed approach lies in combining two types of multivariate statistical analysis and taking into account the indicators that characterize the contribution of industrial enterprises to sustainable development. Full article

Mongolian goats are of great interest for studying ancient migration routes and domestication, and also represent a good model of adaptability to harsh environments. Recent climatic disasters and uncontrolled massive breeding endangered the valuable genetic resources of Mongolian goats and raised the question of their conservation status. Meanwhile, Mongolian goats have never been studied on genomic scale. We used Illumina Goat SNP50 to estimate genetic risks in five Mongolian goat breeds (Buural, Ulgii Red, Gobi GS, Erchim, Dorgon) and explored phylogenic relationships among these populations and in the context of other breeds. Various clustering methods showed that Mongolian goats grouped with other Asian breeds and were especially close to some neighboring Russian and Chinese breeds. The Buural breed showed the lowest estimates of inbreeding and exhibited the shortest genetic distances within the other Mongolian breeds, especially, to Ulgii Red and Gobi GS. These three breeds formed a single core group, being weakly differentiated from each other. Among them, Gobi GS displayed obvious signs of inbreeding probably resulted from artificial selection pressure. Dorgon and especially Erchim goats stand apart from the other Mongolian breeds according to various types of analyses, and bear unique features pointing to different breeding histories or distinct origins of these breeds. All populations showed strong decline in effective population size. However, none of them met formal criteria to be considered as endangered breeds. The SNP data obtained in this study improved the knowledge of Mongolian goat breeds and could be used in future management decisions in order to preserve their genetic diversity. Full article

Globally, assessing sustainable development methodology is kept in sustainable society index (SSI) format, but at the level of meso- and microsystems it remains undeveloped. The aim of the study is to typologize innovative mesosystems in Russian industry in the context of sustainable development based on the CART algorithm and to develop an algorithm for identifying priority areas of sustainable development. The research methods applied included formalization, a systematic approach, and the CART algorithm (calculation of the Gini index, training sample segmentation, the use of a recursive function and regression assessment). As a result of the study, the algorithm for the differentiated identification of innovative mesosystems sustainable development priority directions in industry based on the unique author’s methodology (ISDI) is proposed. The predominance of mesosystems with weak level of sustainable development requiring state support in favor of such mesosystems restructure is revealed. The novelty of the research lies in the development of new science-based solutions to ensure an accelerated transition of industry to the path of sustainable development. The difference of the author’s approach from the provisions known in science is the inclusion of environmental innovations in the mechanism for managing the sustainable development of innovative mesosystems and subsequent accounting in the process of mathematical processing of an array of data, which determines the uniqueness of the constructed decision trees. Full article