Search Results (406)

Accurate semantic segmentation of slender curvilinear structures, such as tree branches, in complex natural scenes remains challenging. The main difficulties arise from frequent occlusions, ambiguous boundaries, and limited edge computing resources. To address these issues, we propose LDS-Net, a lightweight dual-branch network designed for thin and continuous branch structures. The Detail-Aware Branch uses the Dynamic Snake Convolution (DSConv) to model irregular local geometry, while the Context-Aware Branch uses a Spatial Efficient Separable Pyramid module (SESP) to capture multi-scale context. To improve segmentation under occlusion and boundary ambiguity, we further integrate a Global Topology Transformer module (GTT) and a boundary guidance mechanism (BG). These features are fused via a Pixel-Wise Attention Fusion module (PAF) and optimized using a multi-head compound loss. Experiments on USTD and N-ABSD show that LDS-Net outperforms six representative networks. It also requires only 14.19G FLOPs, a 24% reduction compared with PIDNet-s. These results suggest that LDS-Net has potential for future deployment on resource-constrained agricultural and ecological monitoring platforms. Full article

Apple pomace is an abundant agro-industrial by-product rich in bioactive compounds. In the present study, amphiphilic bioactives from organic Greek Starking and Granny Smith apple pomace were recovered using a green extraction methodology, in compliance with EU legislations for food-grade solvents utilized in food stuffs, followed by evaporation of these solvents in vacuum conditions by flash rotary evaporation. The green extracts were then evaluated for their content in amphiphilic bioactives, as well as for their antioxidant photoprotective capacities spectrophotometrically, and for anti-inflammatory and potential in vitro antithrombotic activities by inhibiting human platelets’ aggregation. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phenolics, carotenoids and polar lipids in these extracts. Thus, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total carotenoid content (TCC) were determined spectrophotometrically, while LC–MS analysis facilitated the characterization of specific polar lipid bioactives and quantified their fatty acid composition. Granny Smith extracts exhibited a higher phenolic content and enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activities, likely associated with their polar lipid composition and low balanced ω6/ω3 fatty acid ratio, aligned with anti-inflammatory phenolic bioactives that are present in apple pomace. The observed inhibition of platelet aggregation, particularly via the PAF-related inflammatory pathways, suggests potential cardioprotective applications. Moreover, both extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant capacity by all the three mechanisms of action and UV photoprotective properties, probably due to the presence of both phenolic and carotenoid bioactives, with Starking showing stronger UVB-related activity and Granny Smith enhanced UVA-related protection, which—if combined with the observed potent antioxidant capacity and anti-PAF anti-inflammatory properties—further suggest potential applications in functional photoprotective and anti-aging cosmetic formulations. These findings highlight that apple pomace offers a sustainable source of amphiphilic bioactives suitable for nutraceutical and cosmetic applications. Full article

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and classroom automation demands rethinking visual and arts education. To prevent learning standardization, it is imperative to cultivate a critical teacher profile capable of leading new digital ecologies. In this context, measuring the creative self-perception of future educators constitutes a fundamental pedagogical need. This instrumental study analyses the factor structure and internal consistency of the Creative Personality Scale (CPS), adapting it to contemporary technological challenges. It was administered to 90 pre-service teachers from the Early Childhood and Primary Education programmes at the University of Almería. Through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) with Oblimin rotation, the scale was refined to 17 items, confirming a robust three-dimensional structure: Imaginative Creativity, Behavioural Originality, and a Positive Attitude towards Challenges (explaining 44.17% of the variance; α = 0.862). While not a direct measure of pedagogical performance, these dimensions capture the psychological dispositions hypothesized as necessary for educators to critically navigate AI integration and mitigate algorithmic standardization. In conclusion, the adapted scale provides an initial exploratory validation of a diagnostic framework. Its application provides a foundational metric for teacher education programmes, aiming to foster learning environments where technology integration is deliberately guided by human judgment and sensitivity. Full article

The growing expectation of citizens to deliver quality services without increasing taxes requires municipalities to adjust their cost models to remain good stewards of the voters’ finances. Cost-of-Quality (CoQ) models have traditionally been studied in relation to manufacturing processes as a method to increase profitability by reducing the life-cycle costs of the product. Municipalities have historically not been included in these studies as they operate on a semi-monopolistic basis for the services and infrastructure they maintain and have a different set of constraints and obligations from private entities. An analysis of three North Carolina municipalities (Winston-Salem, Cary, and Apex) is conducted to evaluate the Cost-of-Quality components of their water system budgets. The analysis consists of two evaluations. The initial evaluation compares the budgets of the aforementioned North Carolina municipalities with a previous study that analyzed three Texas municipalities’ water system budgets (Lubbock, San Antonio, and El Paso). The purpose of this portion of the study is to evaluate whether North Carolina Cost-of-Quality components behave like Texas municipalities. The second portion of this study evaluates the three North Carolina municipalities independently of the Texas study to see whether population size is a differentiator in how Cost-of-Quality components are divided in North Carolina. The three NC municipalities are chosen based on the Hickory Municipal Classification System (MCS). The Hickory MCS is a national classification system based on the relative population of each state and was developed for this study. The Texas municipalities that were studied had variable populations, variable locations, variable water sources, and variable water uses. The Cost-of-Quality analysis focuses on prevention costs, appraisal costs, failure costs, Total CoQ costs and opportunity costs between the North Carolina and Texas municipalities. Of the twelve comparative hypotheses, three CoQ costs are found to be significantly different with a probability level of p < 0.05. The results suggest that appraisal and failure costs are consistently impactful across the utilities in both states, but opportunity costs are not materially significantly different as in previous studies on Cost of Quality for utilities. Full article

Background: Predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence remains a major clinical challenge, as conventional echocardiographic parameters often fail to capture the complex electro-mechanical substrate of the arrhythmia. The prognostic significance of right ventricular (RV) function and atrial mechanical–structural coupling in paroxysmal AF (PAF) remains underexplored. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with PAF in sinus rhythm undergoing comprehensive echocardiography. A wide range of conventional left-sided, right-sided, and novel coupling indices was assessed. Univariable analysis was performed to screen for potential AF recurrence predictors. Based on the initial findings, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff for RV fractional area change (RV FAC). Finally, multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of AF recurrence over a 12-month follow-up. Results: A total of 73 patients were included, of whom 31 (42.5%) experienced AF recurrence during 12-month follow-up. Conventional left atrial (LA) indices, including LA volume index (LAVI) and reservoir strain, showed no significant association with recurrence. In univariable analysis, RV FAC, LA contraction strain, and the novel LA contraction strain/LAVI ratio were all significant predictors. ROC analysis identified an RV FAC cutoff of 42.5%, with lower values associated with significantly higher recurrence rates. In multivariable analysis, lower RV systolic performance determined by RV FAC ≤ 42.5% emerged as a primary independent predictor of recurrence (p = 0.003), while the LA contraction strain/LAVI ratio demonstrated a strong trend towards significance (p = 0.076). Conclusions: In this exploratory study of patients with PAF, atrial mechanical–structural mismatch emerged as a primary marker of the arrhythmic substrate. Additionally, an exploratory signal suggested that a subclinical reduction in RV performance may also correlate with recurrence, though this warrants further investigation in larger cohorts. Full article

Industrial control systems (ICS) are increasingly targeted by cyberattacks that manipulate physical processes while evading data-driven detectors trained on raw time-series data. This paper extracts 34–41 control-theoretic features, including tracking error, valve mismatch, sensor liveness, and their temporal derivatives, from Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control loops and evaluates them using an Isolation Forest combined with a maximum z-score. On HAI 21.03, Stage 1 achieves a PA-F1 score of 0.8945, detecting 48 out of 50 attacks. On HAI 23.05, Stage 1 attains a PA-F1 score of 0.9210, surpassing seven deep-learning baselines by at least 23 PA-F1 points; the closest baseline, a learned Graph Neural Network (GNN), achieves 0.6890. Re-implementations of ConvBiLSTM-AE (PA-F1 = 0.6689) and TranAD (PA-F1 = 0.6838) on the same evaluation split confirm this performance gap. A controlled USAD experiment, with PA-F1 = 0.7343 for physics features versus 0.6687 for raw Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), demonstrates that the extracted features provide the detection signal independently of the model architecture. Adding a bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) refinement stage improves PA-F1 by 8.1 percentage points on HAI 21.03, but the same stage reduces it by 6.8 percentage points on HAI 23.05, where attacks manifest as brief perturbations; four alternative Stage 2 designs reproduce this degradation. We therefore characterize temporal refinement as beneficial only for sustained-deviation attacks and identify Stage 1 as the primary deployable detector. This study is the first to apply physics-informed features, report both PA-F1 and eTaPR on HAI 23.05, and perform per-window error diagnosis on this dataset. Results show that 10 of 15 detected windows are covered by fewer than 10% of their timesteps, revealing a structural tension between PA-F1 and eTaPR. Full article

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are critical for promoting rational antibiotic use. While early implementation outcomes have been reported, extended follow-up sustainability and the impact on high-priority broad-spectrum antibiotics in South Korean secondary/tertiary hospitals require further validation. This study aimed to evaluate the extended outcomes and sustainability of an ASP over a 14-month period. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed ASP activities from January 2025 to February 2026 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Interventions included prospective audit and feedback (PAF) for restricted antibiotics and recommendations for prolonged prescriptions (≥14 days). Primary outcomes were the monthly rejection rate of restricted antibiotics and the acceptance rate of ASP interventions. Secondary outcomes included the days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient–days for meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam (Pip/Taz). Results: During the 14-month period, the ASP intervention acceptance rate increased significantly from a mean of 72.0% in the implementation phase (January–April 2025) to 81.2% in the stabilization phase (May 2025–February 2026) (p = 0.035). The DOT for Pip/Taz decreased significantly from 169.4 to 151.8 per 1000 patient–days (p = 0.002), with a significant negative correlation identified between the intervention acceptance rate and Pip/Taz consumption (r = −0.625, p = 0.017). Although overall meropenem DOT showed seasonal fluctuations without reaching statistical significance across phases, a year-over-year comparison revealed a 7.5% reduction in meropenem DOT (January–February 2025: 54.8 vs. January–February 2026: 50.7 per 1000 patient–days). The rejection rate for restricted antibiotics declined from 3.8% to 2.6%, suggesting that clinicians increasingly self-regulated inappropriate prescribing attempts. Conclusions: The ASP demonstrated extended follow-up sustainability with a significant reduction in the consumption of key broad-spectrum antibiotics. A progressive increase in clinician acceptance of ASP interventions from 72.0% to 81.2%, combined with a concurrent decline in the restricted antibiotic rejection rate, reflected a measurable shift in institutional prescribing culture and confirmed the successful transition to a stabilized program. These findings support the necessity of sustained multidisciplinary ASPs, even in resource-limited settings, to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively. Full article

Efficient use of agro-industrial residues is central to developing a circular bioeconomy. In this study, apple pomace was used as a feedstock for fermentation with water kefir cultures to investigate the formation of bioactive compounds and evaluate their functional biological effects. The effects of fermentation in a cement tank were compared to a reference fermentation system using a conventional glass vessel, focusing on physicochemical parameters and biological activity. Despite differences in pH evolution, no significant differences between the two fermentation systems were found in antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and carotenoid content, or inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation. Lipid extracts from both systems showed strong antioxidant properties and pronounced inhibitory activity against platelet-activating factor (PAF)- and ADP-induced aggregation, with significantly lower IC₅₀ values for PAF (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced anti-inflammatory specificity. These effects may be attributed to the synergistic interaction of fermentation-derived bioactives, including polar lipids, aglycone flavonoids, and carotenoids. Importantly, fermentation in a cement tank did not compromise biofunctional performance, highlighting its potential as a low-cost and scalable alternative for bioprocessing. Overall, these findings demonstrate that water kefir fermentation can efficiently convert low-value fruit residues into bioactive-rich matrices, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach aligned with EU and UN circular economy frameworks for waste reduction and resource valorization. Full article

Background: Major cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory response that contributes to postoperative organ dysfunction and hemodynamic instability. While C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-established downstream marker of postoperative inflammation, the upstream determinants of interindividual variability in inflammatory burden are not fully understood. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator implicated in platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular dysregulation, but its role in modulating postoperative inflammation and clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery has not been fully characterized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 87 patients undergoing major cardiac surgery with CPB. Preoperative plasma PAF levels and postoperative CRP concentrations were measured, and patients were stratified according to postoperative CRP severity. Associations between PAF, inflammatory response, postoperative vasoactive–inotropic requirements, recovery parameters, acute kidney injury, and mortality were assessed using correlation analyses, multivariable regression models, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Results: Preoperative PAF levels increased progressively across postoperative CRP strata (p < 0.001) and were strongly associated with postoperative CRP concentrations in both univariate and multivariable analyses. Specifically, each 1000 pg/mL increase in preoperative PAF was associated with an adjusted increase of 36.0 mg/L in postoperative CRP (β = 36.0; p < 0.001). Each 1000 pg/mL increase in preoperative PAF was associated with an adjusted increase of approximately 36 mg/L in postoperative CRP. Elevated PAF was also associated with increased intermediate postoperative vasoactive–inotropic requirements and a modest increase in hospital length of stay (r = 0.25, p = 0.023). However, neither PAF nor CRP independently predicted AKI or mortality after adjustment for clinical variables. Discriminative performance for mortality was modest for both biomarkers. Conclusions: Preoperative platelet-activating factor was strongly associated with postoperative inflammatory burden and early hemodynamic instability following major cardiac surgery. Although PAF and CRP were not independent predictors of adverse outcomes, they may help identify a biologically vulnerable phenotype characterized by exaggerated inflammatory and vascular responses to surgical stress. These findings support further investigation of platelet-mediated inflammatory pathways as targets for perioperative risk stratification and mechanistic research. Full article

Large-scale disasters can result in chronic pollution of coastal environments with unanticipated and poorly quantified impacts, such as the reshaping of marine connectivity. A recent example is the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam in 2015, which released about 50 million m³ of mine waste into the Doce River, affecting one of Brazil’s largest estuarine–mangrove systems. Here, we combine a high-resolution CROCO hydrodynamic simulation with an individual-based Lagrangian model (Ichthyop) to track the dispersal of mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) larvae from four estuaries along the southeastern Brazilian margin between 2022 and 2024. Trajectories crossing seasonal msPAF fields derived from in situ water-quality measurements were used to quantify larval exposure to contaminants from mine waste. These fields were based on measured concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, and Al. Results show that surface shelf flow and mesoscale activity in the vicinity of the Doce River mouth contribute to offshore export of larvae, while the reef-dominated Abrolhos shelf promotes retention. Interannual variability alternates between long-distance export and local retention, associated with regional climate variability. Larval mortality rates caused by offshore advection and lethal temperature are high (65–75%). In addition to these modeled mortality sources, surviving cohorts frequently crossed areas with elevated msPAF values during transport, indicating potential exposure to metal(loid) mixtures. This suggests that the regional connectivity of U. cordatus is under chronic stress that likely compromises the integrity and resilience of coastal populations, since southern estuaries depend strongly on northern larval sources. The integration of Lagrangian simulations with in situ contaminant monitoring and spatially explicit exposure metrics demonstrates that transport pathways regulate not only connectivity among estuaries but also the duration and intensity of larval exposure to pollutants. Full article

Non-medical use of cannabis (NmC) and/or opioids (NmO) can lead to adverse health effects (AHEs), yet the proportion of these harms attributable to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) remains unclear. This study estimated the contribution of ACEs to AHEs from NmC and/or NmO among adults aged ≥18 years using 2019–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from Arizona and Massachusetts. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 24,739 respondents, linking past ACE exposure to self-reported NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO and related AHEs. Generalized linear models with a log link and binomial distribution adjusted for socio-demographic, healthcare access, and geographic factors were used to estimate associations and population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Propensity score methods matched respondents with and without ACEs on demographic and location characteristics. Among all the adults, 17.9% reported NmC, 5.8% reported NmO, and 2.4% reported NmC&NmO; among users of NmC/NmO/NmC&NmO, 5.0%/13.2%/36.0% reported AHEs. Among the respondents reporting AHEs from non-medical substance use, exposure to ≥2 ACEs was common (NmC: 89%; NmO: 82%; NmC&NmO: 84%). Compared to adults without ACEs, those with ≥2 ACEs had a higher likelihood of AHEs for NmC (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.65–7.59) and NmO (aRR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.99–6.66) but not NmC&NmO (aRR: 1.86, 95% CI: 0.84–4.09). PAFs indicated that 63% (NmC) to 64% (NmO) of AHEs among the adults reporting NmC or NmO were attributable to ≥2 ACEs. Preventing childhood adversity may substantially reduce substance-related harms in adulthood. Full article

Cattle behavior constitutes important phenotypic information reflecting animals’ health status, activity level, and welfare condition, and is therefore of considerable significance for automated monitoring and precision management in smart livestock farming. However, under complex barn conditions, cattle behavior recognition is easily affected by factors such as illumination variation, partial occlusion, background interference, and individual differences, thereby reducing recognition stability and generalization capability. To address these challenges, this study proposes a pose-driven method for cattle behavior recognition in complex barn environments. First, a 16-keypoint annotation scheme suitable for describing bovine posture, termed cow16, was constructed. Based on this scheme, OpenPose was employed to extract heatmaps (HMs) and part affinity fields (PAFs), which were then used to build an intermediate HM/PAF posture representation. Subsequently, this representation was taken as the input to a lightweight convolutional neural network for classifying three behavioral categories: stand, walk, and lying. On this basis, class-imbalance correction during training and a multi-random-seed logits ensemble strategy during inference were further introduced. In addition, knowledge distillation was adopted to transfer knowledge from a high-performance teacher model to a lightweight student model. Experimental results demonstrate that training-stage class-imbalance correction and inference-stage multi-random-seed logits ensembling exhibit strong complementarity; when combined, the AB configuration improves the test-set Macro-F1 by 3.83 percentage points. Moreover, the distilled student model still achieves competitive recognition performance while maintaining 1× inference cost, indicating a favorable trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. This study provides a useful reference for deployment-oriented cattle behavior recognition in smart farming scenarios and offers a lightweight technical basis for subsequent practical applications. Full article

Landmark epidemiological studies and clinical trials, such as the Seven Countries Study, the Lyon Diet Heart Study, the PREDIMED Study and the CORDIOPREV Study, have shown significant reductions in cardiovascular events in those following the Mediterranean diet (MD). The aim of the present work is to summarize the most robust available evidence and the major biological pathways underlying the protective effects of the MD, with particular emphasis on the role of PAF inhibitors. Mechanistically, MD functions through a complex synergy of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects that collectively improve lipid profiles, enhance endothelial function, optimize postprandial metabolism and cell membrane signaling, making it a functional model for human longevity. The PAF-Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory has emerged as a key unifying framework, proposing that Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)—a highly potent lipid inflammatory mediator—plays a central role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL promotes the production of PAF and PAF-like lipids, leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Traditional Mediterranean foods are rich in natural PAF inhibitors, particularly the polar lipid fractions of extra virgin olive oil, as well as wine, fish, vegetables, onions, and garlic. Animal studies demonstrate that these compounds can reduce or even regress atherosclerotic lesions, independently of serum cholesterol levels. Human dietary interventions have further shown that MD-based meals and functional foods enriched with PAF inhibitors reduce PAF activity and improve thrombosis-related biomarkers. This mechanistic framework helps explain phenomena such as the “French Paradox” and the cardio-protective effects associated with fish consumption. Moreover, the extraction of PAF inhibitors from Mediterranean food by-products, such as olive pomace, offers promising ecological and economic advantages. Collectively, targeting PAF and increasing dietary intake of PAF inhibitors represent promising strategies for the prevention and management of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases, supporting the view that PAF may function as a major, modifiable risk factor in these conditions. Full article

Deep shale of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Sichuan Basin represents a critical frontier for shale gas exploration in China. However, systematic understanding of the multi-scale links among lamination type, mechanical anisotropy, and fracture complexity remains limited. Based on lamination characteristics and total organic carbon (TOC) content, core samples were classified into four types. Using a multi-scale approach (uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting, in situ CT scanning, QEMSCAN, and SEM), this study elucidates how lamination structure controls mechanical anisotropy, failure modes, and fracture mechanisms. The novelties of this work are threefold: (1) quantitatively linking specific lamination types (ORM, OPM, PAFC, PAF) to anisotropic mechanical responses; (2) introducing 3D fractal dimensions to evaluate fracture network complexity; and (3) integrating micro- (SEM) and macro-scale tests to reveal the coupled control of weak planes and brittle minerals on fracture propagation. Results indicate that laminated shales exhibit pronounced mechanical anisotropy. Loading parallel to laminations induces tensile splitting along weak planes, significantly reducing strength. Conversely, perpendicular loading generates complex fracture networks of horizontal secondary fractures along laminae and vertical main fractures through the matrix. Furthermore, 3D fractal dimension analysis quantifies fracture network complexity as follows: organic-poor clay-feldspar laminated shale > organic-poor clay-feldspar-calcareous laminated shale > organic-rich massive shale. Microscopic observations confirm that fracture propagation is jointly governed by weak plane systems and brittle mineral content, which collectively determine macroscopic failure patterns. These findings clarify how lamination type controls the laboratory mechanical response and fracture morphology of deep shale and provide a laboratory-scale framework for comparing lamination-related differences in mechanical anisotropy and fracture complexity in the Qiongzhusi Formation. Full article

Background: The increasing demand for plant-based dairy alternatives has stimulated interest in their potential health-promoting properties, particularly when combined with fermentation processes that may enhance the bio-efficacy and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Methods: The present study investigated the impact of fermentation on the antioxidant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory activities of oat- and soy-based dairy alternatives. Total lipids were extracted and fractionated into lipophilic and amphiphilic lipid fractions, which were subsequently evaluated for antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, as well as for their inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) or by ADP. Results: Fermentation significantly enhanced the biological activity of the tested products, with fermented samples exhibiting lower IC₅₀ values and thus more potent anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet efficacy and improved antioxidant performance compared with the non-fermented plant-based dairy alternative products. The amphiphilic lipid fractions demonstrated the strongest bioactivity, suggesting that fermentation promotes structural modifications in polar lipids that contribute to enhanced functional properties. Overall, fermented soy products exhibited stronger antiplatelet (anti-ADP) and anti-inflammatory (anti-PAF) activities, with lower IC₅₀ values (indicating higher inhibitory potency), whereas fermented oat products demonstrated particularly enhanced antioxidant capacity, especially in TAC fractions, as evidenced by higher FRAP values and carotenoid content (e.g., oat yogurt TAC: 19.14 ± 9.97 mg CE/g extract). In DPPH assays, TAC fractions of both soy and oat showed comparable radical scavenging activity (TEAC ≈ 0.019 for soy yogurt TAC), while ABTS and FRAP assays highlighted matrix-dependent differences between lipid fractions. Fatty acid analysis further indicated favorable compositional changes associated with fermentation, including favorable alterations in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of the fatty acid content of the bioactive polar lipid species, while OMICs analysis indicated the specific molecular species of phospho-/glyco-based polar lipids present in these products. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fermentation can substantially improve the biofunctional profile of plant-based dairy alternatives and highlight fermented oat- and soy-based products as promising dietary sources of bioactive polar lipids with potential cardioprotective properties. Full article