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Article

60 Citations

7,778 Views

17 Pages

Neutralization of the Principal Toxins from the Venoms of Thai Naja kaouthia and Malaysian Hydrophis schistosus: Insights into Toxin-Specific Neutralization by Two Different Antivenoms

Kae Yi Tan,
Choo Hock Tan,
Shin Yee Fung and
Nget Hong Tan

Toxins2016, 8(4), 86;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8040086

26 March 2016

Antivenom neutralization against cobra venoms is generally low in potency, presumably due to poor toxin-specific immunoreactivity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two elapid antivenoms to neutralize the principal toxins purified...

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Article

16 Citations

6,546 Views

17 Pages

Equatorial Spitting Cobra (Naja sumatrana) from Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan and Penang), Southern Thailand, and Sumatra: Comparative Venom Proteomics, Immunoreactivity and Cross-Neutralization by Antivenom

Choo Hock Tan,
Kae Yi Tan,
Kin Ying Wong,
Nget Hong Tan and
Ho Phin Chong

Toxins2022, 14(8), 522;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080522

29 July 2022

The Equatorial Spitting Cobra (Naja sumatrana) is a medically important venomous snake species in Southeast Asia. Its wide geographical distribution implies potential intra-specific venom variation, while there is no species-specific antivenom availa...

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Article

20 Citations

5,397 Views

17 Pages

Cytotoxicity of Venoms and Cytotoxins from Asiatic Cobras (Naja kaouthia, Naja sumatrana, Naja atra) and Neutralization by Antivenoms from Thailand, Vietnam, and Taiwan

Ho Phin Chong,
Kae Yi Tan,
Bing-Sin Liu,
Wang-Chou Sung and
Choo Hock Tan

Toxins2022, 14(5), 334;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050334

10 May 2022

Envenoming by cobras (Naja spp.) often results in extensive local tissue necrosis when optimal treatment with antivenom is not available. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of venoms and purified cytotoxins from the Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthi...

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Article

6 Citations

4,426 Views

10 Pages

The Effect of Australian and Asian Commercial Antivenoms in Reversing the Post-Synaptic Neurotoxicity of O. hannah, N. naja and N. kaouthia Venoms In Vitro

Tam M. Huynh,
Wayne C. Hodgson,
Geoffrey K. Isbister and
Anjana Silva

Toxins2022, 14(4), 277;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040277

13 April 2022

Despite antivenoms being the only established specific treatment for neuromuscular paralysis arising from snake envenoming, their ability to reverse the post-synaptic neurotoxicity in snake envenoming is poorly understood. We investigated the ability...

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Article

1 Citations

3,018 Views

16 Pages

Respiratory Muscle Injury Following Acute Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) Envenoming: Histopathological Study in Rat Diaphragm

Wanida Chuaikhongthong,
Wipapan Khimmaktong,
Natyamee Thipthong,
Nissara Lorthong and
Janeyuth Chaisakul

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.2025, 47(2), 86;https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47020086

29 January 2025

Clinical symptoms of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) envenoming include the paralysis of extraocular muscles, local tissue necrosis and death through respiratory failure. These neurotoxic outcomes are mainly due to the inhibitory action of postsynapti...

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Article

644 Views

19 Pages

Early Clinical Approach Prevents Severe Neurotoxicity Following Cobra Envenoming: An Integrated Experimental and Multi-Center Clinical Study in Thailand

Sethapong Lertsakulbunlue,
Musleeha Chesor,
Panuwat Promsorn,
Wanida Chuaikhongthong,
Wipapan Khimmaktong,
Wittawat Chantkran and
Janeyuth Chaisakul

Biomedicines2026, 14(1), 144;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14010144

10 January 2026

Background: Cobras (Naja sp.) are medically important snakes in Thailand. Envenoming by the monocled cobra (N. kaouthia) often causes neurotoxicity, most notably ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, local tissue necrosis and progressive paralysis leading to resp...

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