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Study the Effect of Various Sulfonation Methods on Catalytic Activity of Carbohydrate-Derived Catalysts for Ester Production
- Nur Hidayah Deris,
- Umer Rashid,
- Soroush Soltani,
- Thomas Shean Yaw Choong and
- Imededdine Arbi Nehdi
In the present study, four types of sulfonation method, including thermal treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), thermal decomposition of ammonium sulphate (NHSO4), thermal treatment with chlorosulfonic in chloroform (HSO3Cl), and in situ...