Search Results (1,011)

This study systematically characterized functional compartmentalization along the intestinal tract of New Zealand rabbits by analyzing mucosal tissue and luminal contents from distinct segments, including the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon, using RNA-seq and 16S rRNA sequencing. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes identified between the small and large intestines were mainly enriched in digestion, absorption, and immune functions. Genes associated with the transport of amino acids, sugars, vitamins, and bile salts showed significantly higher expression in the small intestine, whereas genes related to water absorption, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), nucleotides, and metal ion transport were preferentially expressed in the large intestine. From an immunological perspective, genes involved in fungal responses were enriched in the small intestine, while bacterial response pathways and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling genes were upregulated in the large intestine. Microbiota analysis demonstrated significantly greater diversity and abundance in the large intestine compared with the small intestine. Specifically, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were enriched in the small intestine, whereas Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes dominated the large intestine. Correlation analysis further identified significant associations between gut microbiota composition and host genes involved in nutrient digestion and absorption. Together, these findings provide transcriptome-based evidence for regional specialization of nutrient transport, immune responses, and microbial ecology along the rabbit intestine. Full article

Objectives: Iron deficiency impairs intestinal mucosal structure and function, yet its impact on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) remains unclear. This study was therefore designed to examine how iron deficiency affects the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs. Methods: Iron-deficient mouse and enteroid models were established. Expression of key cell markers was analyzed using Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence. Results: Iron deficiency led to structural impairment of the intestinal mucosa, characterized by decreased small intestinal villus height. In iron-deficient mice, expression of ChrA (enteroendocrine cell marker), Lyz (Paneth cell marker), and Muc2 (goblet cell marker) was significantly downregulated across duodenum, jejunum and ileum, whereas Vil1 (enterocyte marker) expression increased. Moreover, both Lgr5 (an ISC marker) expression and the number of Ki67-positive proliferating cells were significantly reduced, along with a decrease in Ki67 transcriptional levels under iron-deficient conditions. Similarly, deferoxamine (DFO)-treated enteroids showed fewer Lgr5-positive ISCs, downregulation of Lgr5, Lyz and Muc2, and upregulation of Vil1. RNA-seq further confirmed that iron deficiency skews ISC differentiation toward absorptive lineage. This shift was associated with modulation of the Notch signaling pathway: upregulation of the ligand Dll1, receptors Notch2 and Notch3, and the protease ADAM10, alongside downregulation of the negative regulator Atoh1. These findings indicate that Notch pathway activation promotes enterocyte differentiation under iron deprivation. Conclusions: Iron deficiency suppressed the proliferation of ISCs and induced their differentiation toward enterocytes, which is associated with the modulation of the Notch signaling pathway, providing a mechanistic insights for impaired intestinal repair and the potential for nutrient-targeted therapies. Full article

Objective: This experiment aimed to explore the effects of water extract of Artemisia annua L. (WEAA) on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal-related indices in mutton sheep, so as to evaluate its potential as a natural growth promoter. Methods: The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Thirty-two 3-month-old Dorper × Han mutton sheep were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 8). The control group was fed only the basal diet, while the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with, respectively, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg WEAA. The adaptation period lasted 15 days, followed by a 60-day experimental period. Results: Results showed that dietary supplementation of WEAA significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) of mutton sheep, significantly improved the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) and phosphorus (P), and optimized blood biochemical indices, such as significantly increasing the concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose (GLU), while significantly decreasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, WEAA significantly improved intestinal morphology by reducing the crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, increasing jejunal villus height (VH), and elevating the villus-to-crypt ratio (VH/CD) across intestinal segments (p < 0.05). It also significantly enhanced the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, including α-amylase and trypsin in the duodenum, lipase and chymotrypsin in the jejunum, and α-amylase and chymotrypsin in the ileum, with the 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg WEAA groups reaching better activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, WEAA supplementation significantly increased the counts of beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) and decreased the count of harmful bacteria (Escherichia coli) in rectal fecal samples (p < 0.05). Notably, most of these beneficial effects were dosage-dependent, with overall optimal performance observed in the 1000 mg/kg WEAA group. Conclusion: In conclusion, supplementing the diet with 1000 mg/kg WEAA exerted significant positive effects on the feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health status of mutton sheep. Full article

Background/Objectives: Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) exhibit a range of biological activities; however, their limited natural abundance and high cost have constrained in vivo research. Lanolin represents a promising source for enriching BCFAs. Nevertheless, the in vivo application, safety, and dose-effect relationship of BCFAs derived from lanolin (BCFAs-DFL) remain unassessed. Methods: In this study, the acute toxicity in C57BL/6J mice was first evaluated for 7 days by a single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg BW of BCFAs-DFL. Subsequently, 40 mice were divided into four groups (control group, low dose of 100 mg/kg BW, medium dose of 300 mg/kg BW, and high dose of 600 mg/kg BW) and were continuously administered by gavage for 28 days to study the effects of BCFAs-DFL on the growth, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora of the mice. Results: In the acute toxicity test, BCFAs-DFL exhibited no lethality or abnormalities in mice, indicating its non-toxic nature. Throughout the 28-day trial, mice in the medium- and high-dose groups experienced a notable decrease in average daily feed intake (p < 0.05), yet their weight gain remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels declined in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). Conversely, serum aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels escalated in the medium- and high-dose groups, while triglycerides and urea nitrogen levels decreased (p < 0.05). The serum’s total antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG) rose in proportion to the dosage (p < 0.05). BCFAs-DFL notably enhanced the villus height of the jejunum and ileum in mice (p < 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis indicated no significant impact on overall α and β diversity. Conclusions: The 28-day intervention revealed that BCFAs-DFL can modulate feeding behavior, TG, T-AOC, and immunoglobulin levels in mice. Additionally, it promotes the development of intestinal villi. Based on various indicators, a dosage of 100 mg/kg BW effectively induces beneficial metabolic regulation, such as the reduction of triglycerides, without causing a burden on liver metabolism. This dosage may represent a more suitable application for potential use. Full article

Background: Bile acids participate in several metabolic processes, and disturbances in their circulating profiles are commonly observed in type 2 diabetes. In a cohort of older adults, individuals with diabetes exhibited markedly lower concentrations of metabolites derived from lithocholic acid. These findings prompted further evaluation of the metabolic effects of lithocholic acid. Methods: We assessed the actions of lithocholic acid in a mouse model of diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Fasting glucose, insulin levels, lipid parameters, and measures of insulin resistance were evaluated. Gut microbial composition, short-chain fatty acids, fecal enzyme activities, intestinal barrier markers, and bile acid patterns were analyzed. In vitro assays examined the direct effects of lithocholic acid on A. muciniphila and bile acid metabolism. Results: Lithocholic acid supplementation lowered fasting glucose and insulin levels and improved insulin resistance. It shifted the gut microbial community toward a healthier structure, increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, and raised short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Fecal bile salt hydrolase and β-glucuronidase activity declined, and intestinal barrier markers improved. Lithocholic acid enhanced TGR5 expression and reduced FXR signaling in the ileum. In vitro, physiologically relevant concentrations promoted A. muciniphila growth and altered microbial bile acid metabolism. Conclusions: Lithocholic acid influences the interactions among gut microbes, bile acid pathways, and host metabolic regulation. These findings suggest that this compound may have value as a dietary component that supports metabolic health in type 2 diabetes. Full article

This study investigated the effects of encapsulated capsaicinoids (CAPs), containing 0.47% capsaicin and 0.22% dihydrocapsaicin, on growth, serum parameters, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of 168 piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 200 (LDC), 400 (MDC), or 600 (HDC) mg/kg of CAPs. The results indicated that CAPs improved lipid metabolism, evidenced by higher crude fat digestibility in the LDC and MDC groups and reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all CAP groups compared to the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the MDC and HDC groups. Histological analysis showed reduced hepatic vacuolation, enlarged fungiform papillae with shallower taste pores in the tongue epithelium, and deeper ileal crypts in the LDC group. At the molecular level, ZO-1 expression in the ileum was significantly upregulated in LDC piglets. Colonic microbiota analysis revealed decreased relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut, while Butyricicoccus was significantly enriched in the LDC group. In conclusion, CAPs supplementation enhanced fat digestibility, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, intestinal development, and colonic microbiota composition, with the 200 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced effects. Full article

Weaning stress frequently compromises intestinal integrity and nutrient absorption in piglets and induces structural perturbations in the gut microbiota. This study investigated the effects of dietary Paramylon, a linear β-1,3-glucan from Euglena gracilis, on growth and intestinal function. A total of 32 healthy, 21-day-old weaned piglets (male, castrated, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated to four groups: control, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% Paramylon (8 pigs/group). The results showed that 0.05% dietary Paramylon quadratically increased average daily gain and feed intake (p < 0.05). Serum TC content significantly increased, while the serum urea level significantly decreased (p < 0.05). This optimal dose was used for mechanistic exploration. Dietary 0.05% Paramylon notably enhanced ileal morphology, increasing the villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01) and significantly improving apparent nutrient digestibility and ileal β-amylase activity (p < 0.05). The expression levels of SLC7A1 and GLUT2 in ileum tissues were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). The expression level of SLC7A7 in the liver was also increased (p < 0.05). This nutrient transport-promoting effect was further confirmed in IPEC-J2 cells, which manifested because 10 ng/mL of pure Paramylon significantly upregulated the gene expressions of SLC38A2, EAAT3, PEPT1, and GLUT2 (p < 0.05). KEGG enrichment analysis on the ileum indicated that differentially abundant metabolites were enriched in amino acid-related metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the 16s sequencing results revealed that Romboutsia was significantly enriched in the Paramylon group. In conclusion, Paramylon, as an effective dietary supplement, helps promote nutrient digestion and absorption in weaned piglets and contributes to maintaining intestinal health. Full article

Fecal retention is a distinctive reproductive strategy in certain leaf beetles, which enables females to use accumulated fecal material to protect their eggs and enhance offspring survival. The adult flea beetle Asiophrida xanthospilota (Baly, 1881) is a specialist herbivore that feeds on the leaves of Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae). Using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography, we described and illustrated the hindgut anatomy of adult female A. xanthospilota during the pre-mated and post-mated reproductive phases. We further examined the physiological changes in the hindgut associated with fecal retention, and assessed hindgut muscle activity across these two reproductive stages. The hindgut of adult A. xanthospilota consists of three regions: ileum, colon, and rectum. The ileum is a thin, straight or coiled, tube enclosed by malpighian tubules and supported by circular and longitudinal muscles. The colon lies between the ileum and rectum, possesses a chitinized cuticle, and is externally covered with tracheae and tracheoles. A rectal valve separates the colon from the rectum, which forms the posterior end of the alimentary canal and is characterized by intimal spines and robust circular muscles. During the post-mated phase, fecal retention causes pronounced dilation of the hindgut, substantially increasing the volume occupied by food remnants. Electromyographic recordings revealed high hindgut muscle activity in pre-mated females, characterized by short and variable bursts, whereas post-mated females exhibited reduced activity with longer and more sustained bursts. The functional implications of these specialized structural features are discussed. Overall, these morphological and physiological adaptations enhance the fecal retention strategy by increasing fecal capacity, regulating hindgut motility, and enabling the formation of a protective fecal case around the egg mass. Full article

This study was conducted to elucidate the molecular and metabolic differences in ileal development according to birth weight in neonatal piglets. A total of 126 neonatal piglets born from Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc crossbred sows were used, and the top 5% (H group, 1.77 ± 0.02 kg) and bottom 5% (L group, 0.72 ± 0.03 kg) of birth weights were selected for analysis. Ileal tissues were collected for transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and targeted metabolomic (GC–MS) analyses, and selected genes were validated using RT-qPCR. A total of 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which RFC3, PCNA, MCM3, MCM10, AURKA, AURKB, CCNB2, CCNA2, CCNF, and SI were significantly upregulated in the H group (p < 0.05). These genes were mainly involved in pathways related to DNA replication, cell division, and nutrient digestion and absorption. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed that pyruvic acid concentrations were significantly higher in the H group (p < 0.05), indicating the activation of energy metabolic pathways. These results indicate that high-birth-weight piglets possess a genetic foundation for enhanced cellular proliferation and energy metabolism, and they further highlight potential molecular targets for improving growth performance and intestinal development in low-birth-weight piglets. Full article

Background: Site-specific long-term outcomes, including neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Ki-67 prognostic value, and very late recurrences of small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), remain inadequately defined. Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and long-term outcomes of patients with small bowel GISTs. This retrospective, single-center study (2008–2024) analyzed 27 consecutive patients (average age: 62.2 years) with jejunal/ileal GISTs. Clinicopathologic features, diagnostic yield of balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE), treatments, and outcomes were evaluated during a 10.2-year median follow-up period. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier with log-rank testing. Ki-67 was assessed using MIB-1; a prespecified 5% cut-off was chosen based on prior evidence. Results: Tumor (mean size, 62.4 mm) sites included the jejunum (74.1%) and ileum (25.9%). NF1 was present in 3/27 (11.1%) patients, all with multiple jejunal tumors. Among the 14 patients who underwent BAE, biopsy was attempted in six and yielded a histological diagnosis in one (16.7%). Six patients had recurrence; two died from disease >10 years postoperatively. Five-year OS and RFS were 91.3% and 68.7%, respectively. Adverse RFS was associated with ileal location (p = 0.03), size ≥ 10 cm (p < 0.001), mitoses > 5/50 high-power fields (p = 0.002), and Ki-67 ≥ 5% (p < 0.001). One patient labeled low risk by conventional models had recurrence with Ki-67 = 10%. Another classified as low risk by conventional models experienced recurrence >10 years after surgery, with a Ki-67 index of 10%. Conclusions: Extended, risk-adapted surveillance may be reasonable for small-bowel GISTs, and it may be beneficial to incorporate Ki-67 (≥5%) into site-based risk stratification. These observations remain hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger, multicenter cohorts and prospective studies. Full article

Biomarkers such as CEACAM-5, CA125 and HE4 have been implicated in tumor progression, invasion, and microenvironment modulation in several cancers, but their protein expression in GEP-NET remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate CEACAM-5, CA125 and HE4 levels in tumors and matched surgical margin samples from 59 GEP-NET patients and assess correlations with clinical and demographic variables. Total protein concentration was measured spectrophotometrically, and selected cytokines by multiplex immunoassay. No significant differences in CEACAM-5, CA125 and HE4 protein concentrations were found between tumor and margin samples. However, in tumor tissue, CA125 protein levels showed a statistically significant association with T and M status. A significantly higher level of all proteins was observed in ileum or colon tumors compared to pancreas. Analysis of HE4 revealed differences in protein levels between male and female tumor samples. CEACAM-5, CA125 and HE4 proteins showed distinct expression patterns in GEP-NET according to tumor stage, metastasis, primary tumor location, and sex, highlighting their potential as tissue biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness and microenvironmental activity. These findings provide a basis for future studies on their prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Full article

Background. Acute radiation injury to the small-intestinal mucosa and the hematopoietic system is a key determinant of early mortality after high-dose total-body irradiation. ε-Aminocaproic acid (EACA), a lysine analogue with antifibrinolytic properties, has been proposed as a potential radioprotective agent, but its effects on intestinal and hematologic injury remain insufficiently characterized. Methods. In this experimental study, 240 male Wistar rats were subjected to single-dose total-body γ-irradiation at 10.6 Gy and randomized into six groups: two non-irradiated controls (CG-1, CG-2), an irradiated control without treatment (CG-3), and three experimental groups receiving EACA (EG-1: 3 h before irradiation; EG-2: 3 h after irradiation; EG-3: both 3 h before and 3 h after irradiation). Pain behavior was assessed using the Rat Grimace Scale. Intestinal damage was evaluated by a modified Radiation Injury Intestinal Mucosal Damage Score (RIIMS_sum), villus and crypt morphometry, and qualitative histology of the ileum. Hemoglobin, leukocytes, and platelets were measured serially, and 30-day survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests. Results. Across all EACA regimens, the odds of being in a higher Rat Grimace Scale pain category were reduced compared with CG-3, with the strongest effect in EG-3 (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.31–0.58). At 72 h after irradiation, the cumulative RIIMS score was lower in EACA-treated groups by approximately 17–36% versus CG-3, with the lowest injury in EG-3 (18.5 vs. 29.0 points). EACA attenuated shortening and blunting of villi, preserved crypt architecture, and mitigated anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Thirty-day survival was 20% in CG-3 and 60%, 65%, and 80% in EG-1, EG-2, and EG-3, respectively (all p < 0.05 vs. CG-3). Conclusions. ε-Aminocaproic acid exerts a pronounced, timing-dependent radioprotective effect in a rat model of acute total-body γ-irradiation, concurrently reducing the severity of radiation enteritis, hematologic toxicity, and early mortality. These findings support further investigation of EACA as a candidate adjunct in the prevention of acute radiation injury. Full article

In modern animal production systems, the use of alternative feed sources is essential for reducing production costs, protecting natural resources, and improving meat quality. This study evaluated the impact of a unique silage—one produced by agro-industrial by-products—on the growth, meat quality, and health parameters of finishing pigs. Eighteen pigs (120 days old, 59.47 ± 0.85 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments containing 0% (A), 5% (B), or 10% (C) silage. After 60 days, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses; this was followed by slaughter for the collection of muscle tissues (triceps brachii, external abdominal oblique) and intestinal digesta (ileum, cecum). Final body weight did not differ among groups (124.54 ± 1.51 kg), and meat composition (fat, protein, collagen, and ash) and pH were unaffected (p > 0.05). ALT levels were significantly lower in group C than in A (p = 0.030). In the ileum, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci populations decreased, whereas Lactobacilli increased in B and C (p ≤ 0.05). Cecal Enterococci were reduced in both B and C (p ≤ 0.01), with a tendency for increased Lactobacilli in B. Group C showed higher total phenolic content (p ≤ 0.05) and an improved ω-6/ω-3 ratio (15.09 vs. 17.54 in A). The TBARS values did not differ among treatments. Campylobacter jejuni counts were lower in treatment C, and no Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes were detected in any samples. The meat color of the triceps brachii was redder in treatments B and C (p = 0.001). Overall, the innovative silage increased phenolic content, supported improvements in gut microbiota, and maintained meat quality, indicating its potential as a sustainable feed ingredient. Full article

Inflammatory bowel disease is a result of inappropriate continuous non-specific inflammation in the intestinal tract, which in turn is aggravated by defects in the activation of the mucosal immune system and in the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. The most prominent manifestations of IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). UC is characterized by a continuous pattern that commonly starts with lesions in rectum mucosa and is contained in the colon. On the other hand, CD affects the ileum and colon in a discontinuous pattern, and the lesions are often transmural. Conventional therapies often face limitations such as systemic side effects, poor drug stability, and low site-specificity. In recent years, nanoparticle (NP) systems have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges, offering improved targeting, controlled release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Several studies have shown that the preferential accumulation of NPs in the inflamed colon is influenced by the pathophysiological changes associated with IBD, including alterations in transit time, pH value, enzymatic activity, microbial composition, and mucus integrity. These disease-specific characteristics provide unique opportunities to design smart and responsive NPs that enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic exposure. This work presents an overview of novel technologies based on nanosystems, with the ability to specifically target the affected areas of the GI tract in inflammatory bowel disease. Full article

This study evaluated the protective effects of naringin (NG) against intestinal injury in 7-day-old piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Eighteen piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large, body weight = 2.58 ± 0.05 kg) were divided into three treatment groups based on similar body weights and equal numbers of males and females: the blank control group (CON group), the PEDV infection group (PEDV group), and the NG intervention + PEDV infection group (NG + PEDV group) (n = 6 per group). The experiment lasted for 11 days, comprising a pre-feeding period from days 0 to 3 and a formal experimental period from days 4 to 10. On days 4–10 of the experiment, piglets in the NG + PEDV group were orally administered NG (10 mg/kg). On Day 8 of the experiment, piglets in the PEDV and NG + PEDV groups were inoculated with PEDV (3 mL, 10⁶ 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀) per milliliter). On day 11 of the experiment, piglets were euthanized for sample collection. PEDV infection caused significant intestinal damage, including a decreased (p < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum and ileum and an increased (p < 0.05) crypt depth in all intestinal segments. This intestinal damage was accompanied by an impaired absorptive function, as indicated by reduced (p < 0.05) serum D-xylose. Further results showed that PEDV compromised the intestinal antioxidant capacity by decreasing (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, and it stimulated the intestinal inflammatory response by upregulating (p < 0.05) the expression of key inflammatory genes, including regenerating family member 3 gamma (REG3G; duodenum, jejunum, colon), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9; ileum, colon), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β; ileum, colon), and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8; colon). PEDV also suppressed the intestinal lipid metabolism pathway by downregulating (p < 0.05) the ileal expression of Solute Carrier Family 27 Member 4 (SLC27A4), Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTTP), Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4), Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), and Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily J Member 34 (CYP2J34). Moreover, PEDV suppressed the intestinal antiviral ability by downregulating (p < 0.05) interferon (IFN) signaling pathway genes, including MX dynamin like GTPase 1 (MX1) and ISG15 ubiquitin like modifier (ISG15) in the duodenum; weakened intestinal water and ion transport by downregulating (p < 0.05) aquaporin 10 (AQP10) and potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 13 (KCNJ13) in the duodenum, aquaporin 7 (AQP7) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) in the ileum, and TRPV6 and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 (TRPM6) in the colon; and inhibited intestinal digestive and absorptive function by downregulating (p < 0.05) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) in the duodenum and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) in the ileum. Notably, NG effectively counteracted these detrimental effects. Moreover, NG activated the IFN signaling pathway in the jejunum and suppressed PEDV replication in the colon. In conclusion, NG alleviates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by enhancing the antioxidant capacity, suppressing inflammation, normalizing the expression of metabolic and transport genes, and improving the antiviral ability. Full article