Search Results (818)

This study develops the BIO-SPA Certification Model, a novel framework for evaluating the spatial organisation and biophilic design performance of spa centres within hotel and resort facilities. The research focuses on spa environments in five-star accommodation establishments in Antalya, Türkiye. The methodology integrates two assessment components: spatial design performance (SPA) and biophilic design performance (BIO). Spatial evaluations examined architectural layouts, functional zoning, circulation systems, and operational relationships, while biophilic evaluations assessed natural elements, restorative qualities, and sensory environmental conditions. A weighted multi-criteria scoring system was employed to calculate composite BIO-SPA scores and certification levels. The results revealed significant differences between spatial efficiency and biophilic quality. Some facilities demonstrated strong operational organisation but limited integration of nature-based experiences, whereas others achieved higher biophilic performance despite lower spatial efficiency. None of the analysed facilities attained the highest certification level within the proposed framework. The findings indicate that existing spa certification systems remain limited in assessing restorative spatial quality and biophilic integration. The BIO-SPA Certification Model contributes to the literature by providing a measurable and verifiable framework that integrates wellness-oriented design principles with spatial performance evaluation in spa environments. Full article

Operational labor shortages have become a pressing challenge for hospitality organizations, especially in highly seasonal tourism destinations such as Greece, where service experiences are deeply tied to cultural identity and authentic hospitality. While much of the existing research has examined understaffing from operational or human resource management perspectives, limited attention has been paid to its impact on the organizational capacity to sustain authentic hospitality experiences. Using Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) as an interpretive framework, this study views authentic hospitality as an organizational process shaped by employee interaction, cultural transmission, and service delivery practices. Drawing on survey data from 201 hotel employees in Greece, it investigates the relationship between operational labor shortages, organizational pressures, and perceived threats to authentic hospitality within hotel operations. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between work stress and service quality decline, as well as between cultural knowledge and perceived challenges in maintaining authentic hospitality. Multiple regression analysis further shows that reactive hiring, serious understaffing, and payroll cost pressure are significantly linked to perceived challenges in sustaining authentic hospitality, while service quality decline exhibits a positive but statistically non-significant effect in the final model. The study contributes to hospitality authenticity literature by emphasizing employee perceptions of authenticity as an organizationally supported process rather than merely a guest-centered outcome. The results also highlight the importance of workforce planning, recruitment quality, and cultural onboarding in supporting authentic hospitality within Greek hotel operations. Full article

This study explored the associations among business intelligence (BI) capabilities and innovative performance (IP) in four- and five-star luxury hotels, while also examining the moderating key role of absorptive capacity (ACAP). Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study conceptualised BI as a multidimensional construct comprising six key capabilities. Data were collected from a sample of 470 hotel managers, and the model was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that four BI dimensions (analytical decision-making culture, use of information in business processes, information access quality, and information content quality) have a significant positive association with IP. On the contrary, analytical capability and data integration did not exhibit a direct significant association with IP. The moderation analysis offered further insights, illustrating that ACAP can selectively strengthen the association between information content quality and IP, as well as between data integration and IP. These findings highlighted that, in the luxury hotel context, the value of BI depends not only on technological infrastructure but also on the firm’s ability to transform high-quality, integrated data into actionable knowledge. The study contributed to the literature by indicating the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the BI–IP relationship and by providing nuanced insights into how distinctive BI capabilities can drive innovation in a service-intensive setting. From a practical perspective, the results suggested that hotel managers should prioritise promoting a data-driven culture, improving data quality, and designing organisational learning capabilities to leverage BI for IP fully. Full article

The paper presents AI Sentinel, a closed-loop socio-technical approach to monitoring, analyzing, and responding to negative hotel reviews through a combination of big data analytics, natural language processing, and machine learning predictive modeling. A total of 85,178 reviews were analyzed for 80 European hotel properties, with 5665 (mean = 6.54) classified as negative and 79,513 (mean = 9.22) classified as positive. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was used to discover topics; Gradient Boosting was used to classify high-risk reviews (AUC = 0.919); and a rule-based engine was employed for routing recovery/delivery of service. This analysis identified ten major complaint areas in guest reviews, with Cleanliness, staff behavior, and room quality accounting for 47.0% of negative comments about hotels and forming the Critical tier of intervention. There are three key theoretical contributions made by this study: (1) establishing operationalization of joint socio-technical optimization in AI-augmented service management; (2) introducing algorithmic service sensing as a time-compression mechanism for recovery workflow; and (3) demonstrating that the integration of unsupervised topic modeling with supervised risk classifications can provide a compounded analytical approach. Managerial consequences include risk prioritization at the portfolio level, the design of specific services to target certain traveler segments, nationality-based recovery threshold levels, and an appropriate governance structure that meets the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation and the new European Union Artificial Intelligence Act. Full article

In BIM-enabled architectural projects, information systems preserve accepted decisions far more reliably than the rejected and non-selected alternatives that shaped them. Drawings, models, specifications and common data environments record what a project became, while the reasons that eliminated competing options are dispersed across meeting notes and revision logs or lost. This asymmetry weakens design coordination, change management and cross-project knowledge reuse. This article proposes a conceptually derived and analytically evaluated recording artefact for recovering these lost decision traces within the phase-transition band from spatial coordination to technical design. A two-gate evaluation logic separates codified screening from stakeholder-mediated review and decouples the procedural location of rejection from the category family that organises its reason. Three loss types are identified: pre-stakeholder invisible loss, trace/version loss and terminal loss. These are linked to six rejection-category families, four process redirection effects and differentiated memory destinations, with a constraint-bearing layer divided into avoidance and comparative branches. A fillable eight-field decision record template, formalised as a single recording-and-routing procedure, is specified for BIM, common data environment and design review workflows, supported by a query specification. The model is illustrated through a constructed hotel-floor decision node and offers a structured basis for retaining the knowledge carried by rejected, revised and valid but non-selected architectural decisions. Full article

Drawing on the uncanny valley framework, trust theory, and similarity attraction theory, this study examines how customers’ multidimensional perceptions of humanoid service robots shape their approach and avoidance behaviors through two relational states: trust and rapport. Subsequently, structural equation modeling and mediation analysis were employed for testing. The results indicate that customers’ overall perceptions of service robots not only encourage approach behaviors but may simultaneously intensify avoidance tendencies, reflecting the ambivalent nature of human–robot interactions. We interpret this dual activation through the uncanny valley framework, in which humanlike robots simultaneously elicit attraction and aversion. Trust and rapport play critical mediating roles in this process, effectively reducing avoidance responses while strengthening customers’ approaches. Further analyses reveal that different perceptual dimensions operate through distinct mechanisms in the formation of trust and rapport. This study aims to deepen the comprehension of customer response mechanisms to humanoid service robots through a relational perspective, and offers practical insights for hotels seeking to balance operational efficiency with emotional experience in robot design and management. Full article

Online hotel reviews provide a major source of information for understanding guest satisfaction, yet rating prediction remains difficult because review text is often short, highly skewed toward positive scores, and affected by inconsistent or repetitive content. This study presents a framework designed to prevent information leakage in hotel rating prediction. The empirical analysis uses 26,675 Booking.com reviews covering 819 hotels. After minimal cleaning, 26,384 reviews are retained and split chronologically before any vectorizer fitting, reliability scoring, or model training. The protocol ensures that the test set is never filtered and that no rating-derived reliability signal is used to construct training features. The study evaluates TF-IDF Ridge baselines, recurrent neural models, and transformer architectures including DistilBERT, BERT, RoBERTa, MobileBERT, and TinyBERT. Evaluation is performed on the same unfiltered chronological test set using MAE, RMSE, $R^2$, rounded rating accuracy, accuracy within one rating point, low score recall, rating group errors, and confusion matrices. DistilBERT achieves the strongest overall performance, with MAE = 0.4370, RMSE = 0.6979, and $R^2=0.8217$, while BiLSTM models show stronger sensitivity to low rating reviews. Additional analyses include language composition auditing, unseen hotel generalization, reliability threshold sensitivity, and forecasting of future hotel rating dynamics across 7-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day horizons. The results show that reliable hotel rating prediction requires both expressive language models and careful evaluation protocols that separate review reliability analysis from filtering based on the target rating. Full article

Since launching the Saudi Vision 2030, it has witnessed a reflective sustainability action (SA) transformation. However, robust theoretical models investigating the multifaceted catalysts and consequences of SA in this less-developed country are still lacking in investigation. This lag prompted us to advance and validate a composite framework integrating multiple theories (e.g., institutional theory, the resource-based view (RBV), stakeholder theory, dynamic capabilities theory, and contingency theory) elucidating how policy direction (PD), market incentives (MIs), and knowledge collaboration (KC) stimulate SA adoption encompassing its environmental practices (EPs), social practices (SPs), and circular economy practices (CEPs). The investigation also probes how SA thereafter drives sustainable performance outcomes. A machine-learning approach using the PLS-SEM facility was applied based on 400 questionnaires targeted at managerial positions working in the tourism and hospitality segment based in Saudi Arabia. The findings reveal that all the proposed relationships were supported, providing strong empirical support for the proposed sustainability framework in the Saudi tourism and hospitality context. Institutional pressure and the governance/regulatory environment also showed a significant impact on environmental practices, sustainable performance, and circular economy practices, whereas cost efficiency, competitive advantage, customer demand for sustainability, and knowledge collaboration also demonstrated a positive impact on sustainability actions and outcomes. Furthermore, robust analysis shows that larger firms respond more strongly to MI in terms of cost efficiency, competitive advantage, and customer demand, while CEP produces a modest improvement in hotels compared with restaurants. Our model develops a theoretical synthesis beyond fragmented views. It also provides tangible guidance for industry leaders and regulators in driving strategic alignment with the SDGs and in developing a resilient, situational model that promotes regenerative tourism in high-growth, vulnerable destinations. Full article

To address the inherent limitations of qualitative hygiene inspections, this study establishes a structured MCDM framework to evaluate kitchen hygiene management in Taiwan’s catering industry by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The model integrates expert-weighted criteria to facilitate a structured risk-oriented assessment and support sustainable hygiene management through prioritized resource allocation and more systematic hygiene management. The AHP results determined hygiene behavior, cooking and processing, and storage operation management as the most influential criteria, underscoring the critical role of direct food handling practices. The framework was empirically applied to five large-scale catering enterprises and international tourist hotels with multinational operational backgrounds. TOPSIS analysis revealed significant performance variability, with establishment D achieving the highest relative closeness coefficient (0.6125) and establishment E the lowest (0.2358). These findings indicate that operational control measures play a more critical role in food safety and sustainable hygiene governance than supporting infrastructure alone. The proposed model serves as a quantitative decision-support tool for both industry self-assessment and regulatory inspections, facilitating prioritized resource allocation, continuous hygiene improvement, improved food safety governance, and more consistent long-term hygiene management practices. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that the overall comparative ranking structure remained generally consistent under alternative normalization conditions, although minor variation was observed between the two highest-performing alternatives. Full article

Travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) investigations in hotels have generated extensive environmental monitoring data. However, the occupational implications for workers who operate, maintain, clean, or inspect the same systems are rarely assessed. We developed a hybrid framework integrating a semi-quantitative environmental hazard model with deterministic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). In the first model, culture concentration bands were combined with physicochemical deviation indicators (temperature, free residual chlorine, and pH) to derive point-level hazard ($H_i$) and zone-level hazard (${\overline{H}}_z$). In the second model, a job-based presence matrix was combined with zone-specific serogroup-based severity using a simplified World Health Organization (WHO)-style 3 × 3 likelihood–severity approach. Legionella pneumophila (≥50 CFU/L) was detected in 29.94% of water samples and was significantly associated with low chlorine (<0.2 mg/L; RR 2.90) and hot water temperature < 55 °C (RR 3.07). To support comparative occupational exposure stratification, QMRA was applied to estimate the daily inhaled dose ($\mathrm{d}$) for 15 worker groups, indicating variability in modeled biological exposure across occupational categories. Within this framework, modeled occupational exposure potential was shaped by the combined influence of pathogen concentration and assumed exposure duration. Under the hazard model, the highest zone-level hazard estimate was observed in kitchens and food and beverage (F&B) areas (${\overline{H}}_z$ = 2.607), followed by machinery rooms (${\overline{H}}_z$ = 2.022) and guest rooms (${\overline{H}}_z$ = 1.874). These findings support the integration of worker protection into water safety management, particularly in areas and groups overlooked in routine investigations. Full article

This study analyzes the relationships among spiritual leadership, emotion regulation self-efficacy, and service performance in the hotel industry where emotional labor is emphasized. Data were collected through an online survey of hotel employees at three-star or higher-grade hotels in Korea. A total of 347 valid samples were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Four hypotheses were established. First, spiritual leadership was expected to positively relate to emotion regulation self-efficacy. Second, emotion regulation self-efficacy would be positively related to service performance. Third, spiritual leadership was hypothesized to have a positive relationship with service performance. Fourth, emotion regulation self-efficacy was expected to mediate a positive relationship between spiritual leadership and service performance. The results of the analysis supported all four hypotheses. The findings indicate that spiritual leadership enhances employees’ emotion regulation self-efficacy, improving emotion regulation and, in turn, service performance. Therefore, hotel organizations should consider improving service performance and competitiveness by developing leadership strategies and educational programs that strengthen employees’ emotion regulation capabilities. Full article

Background/Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects approximately 20% of the global population and is a leading cause of years lived with disability. Long-term, real-world evidence for inhaled cannabis in patients refractory to conventional multimodal therapy remains scarce. We assessed the five-year efficacy and safety of inhaled cannabis in CLBP patients who had documented failure of ≥1 year of opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, NSAIDs, and physiotherapy, with each patient serving as their own historical control. Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected clinical data from 241 consecutive adults with treatment-refractory CLBP (mean age 49.3 ± 14.9 years; 37.8% female; mean pain duration 15.1 years) initiated on inhaled medical cannabis (predominantly smoking, THC 4–22%, CBD 2–22%) in a single-center tertiary orthopedic clinic between 2020 and 2025 (Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Israel; IRB protocols 0807-21-RMC and 0634-25-RMC). Year-0 outcomes during conventional therapy were compared with outcomes at Years 1–5 on cannabis. Primary outcomes were the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Brief Pain Inventory severity/interference (BPI-S/BPI-I). Concomitant-medication trajectories were a secondary outcome. The primary analysis was a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) with random intercept and slope, REML estimation, and time as a categorical fixed effect. Multiple imputation (MAR, m = 20, Rubin’s rules) was the primary missing-data approach; complete-case and tipping-point pattern-mixture sensitivity analyses were used. A multivariate Hotelling T² provided a joint test across the four correlated PROMs. Concomitant-medication discontinuation was modeled with GEE logistic regression and exact McNemar tests. Time to discontinuation was estimated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. The Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold for the four primary outcomes was α = 0.0125. BioWell gas-discharge-visualization (GDV) parameters were exploratory only. Results: Of 241 patients, 238 (98.8%) provided Year-5 data and 224 (92.9%) remained on cannabis at Year 5; only five patients (2.1%) discontinued for adverse events or inefficacy. All four primary PROMs improved markedly and durably. MMRM-estimated Year-5 minus Year-0 changes were: NRS −5.36 (95% CI −5.65, −5.07), ODI −17.68 (95% CI −19.73, −15.63), BPI-S −6.73 (95% CI −6.99, −6.47), and BPI-I −3.41 (95% CI −3.65, −3.16); all four contrasts had |z| ≥ 16.9 and p < 10⁻²⁰. MI-pooled estimates were within 0.05 of MMRM (FMI < 0.03 for all outcomes). Hotelling T² was F(4, 232) = 872.8, p < 10⁻²⁰. At Year 5, 89.2% achieved ≥30% NRS reduction, 77.2% ≥ 50%, and 93.4% met the NRS minimum clinically important difference (MCID); ODI MCID 65.6%, BPI-S MCID (≥1 pt) 98.3%, BPI-I MCID (≥1 pt) 91.3%. Concomitant opioid use fell from 100% at baseline to 4.6% at Year 5 (within-patient absolute risk reduction 95.4%, McNemar exact p = 1.16 × 10⁻⁶⁹), NSAID from 100% to 7.1%, SSRI/SNRI from 80.5% to 5.4%, and gabapentinoid from 38.6% to 2.5%. The ARR-derived NNT for opioid discontinuation was 1.05; this NNT is referenced to each patient’s own documented maximal-conventional-therapy state and is not equivalent to a between-arm randomized-trial NNT. Cannabis dose × time interaction was consistent with no pharmacological tolerance (β = −0.0044 per gram-month per year, p = 0.074). Across 1205 patient-years of cannabis exposure (calculated as 241 patients × 5 follow-up years from Year 1 through Year 5; baseline Year 0 represents pre-cannabis state and is not included in person-time on cannabis), 1338 organ-system AE events were recorded at 1.110/patient-year (Poisson 95% CI 1.05–1.17); 99.8% of graded events were mild (grade 1), with ocular (476 events, 0.40/PY), cognitive (460, 0.38/PY), and gastrointestinal (368, 0.31/PY) reactions predominating. The Year-3 retention dip reflected a documented telemedicine-clinic phenomenon during 2022–2024, with patients returning to in-person follow-up by Year 4–5. BioWell GDV discriminated NRS ≥ 4 only at chance level (BWS AUC 0.574, 95% CI 0.54–0.60; BWV AUC 0.51). Conclusions: In a treatment-refractory CLBP cohort with five-year longitudinal follow-up, inhaled cannabis was associated with large, sustained, and statistically robust improvements in pain, disability, and pain interference, accompanied by near-total displacement of opioids, NSAIDs, antidepressants, and gabapentinoids. These observational associations, although mechanically less susceptible to bias for the binary medication-discontinuation outcomes than for self-reported PROMs, cannot be interpreted causally in the absence of a concurrent randomized control arm and may reflect a combination of pharmacological effect, regression to the mean from a high pre-treatment baseline, expectancy and self-selection effects intrinsic to an actively chosen open-label therapy, and secular trends in pain reporting. The within-patient benefit-risk profile—ARR-derived NNT ≈ 1 for opioid sparing against a predominantly mild adverse-event burden—supports consideration of cannabis as a potentially clinically meaningful, opioid-sparing option in patients who have failed multimodal conventional therapy, pending confirmation in randomized comparative trials. Full article

The study aimed to examine how customer incivility (CI) spills over into workplace deviance (WD) and turnover intentions (TI) among Egyptian hotel kitchen staff through the mediating mechanism of emotional exhaustion (EE), while also assessing the moderating role of moral disengagement (MD). Specifically, the study sought to (1) investigate the impact of CI on EE; (2) examine whether EE mediates the relationships between CI and both WD and TI; and (3) test whether MD strengthens the effects of EE on WD and TI. The study’s theoretical foundations were anchored in the conservation of resources (COR) theory and social cognitive theory (SCT). We developed a moderated mediation model and tested it using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique based on data collected from 300 kitchen staff at four- and five-star hotels in Hurghada, Egypt. Findings demonstrated that CI had a positive effect on EE, and that further EE affects WD and TI. EE partially mediates the relationships between CI and these two model outcomes (WD and TI). Furthermore, MD moderates the relationships between EE and both WD and TI, such that these positive effects are amplified among employees with higher levels of MD. Multi-group analysis further indicates that the moderating effect of MD on the EE–deviance relationship is stronger for long-tenure employees. These findings extend COR theory to back-of-house hospitality populations and integrate SCT’s moral detachment framework to explain heterogeneous employee responses to emotional depletion. Theoretical contributions, practical implications for hotel management, and directions for future research are discussed. Full article

Employee well-being in hospitality settings depends on how individuals shape their daily work experience under continuous service demands. This study examines whether job crafting is associated with workplace mindfulness, whether this association is statistically linked with meaningful work, and whether the strength of these relationships varies across levels of growth mindset. Data were collected from 553 frontline employees in five-star hotels in Antalya, Turkey, and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling with bootstrapped conditional effects. The results indicate that job crafting was positively associated with workplace mindfulness, and that meaningful work accounted for part of this association. The findings also indicate that growth mindset strengthened the association between job crafting and workplace mindfulness and the indirect association through meaningful work. Rather than positioning the model as a radical theoretical departure, this study offers a contextual and mechanism-based refinement by showing how meaningful work and growth mindset jointly qualify the association between job crafting and workplace mindfulness in a highly standardized service setting. In this study, workplace mindfulness is treated as a distinct work state reflecting present-moment attentional focus, awareness, and emotional regulation during service delivery, which makes it especially relevant in frontline hospitality roles where service consistency depends on employees’ psychological presence during each guest encounter. The findings provide practical insight into how bounded work adjustments and development-oriented support may be linked with employee psychological functioning in luxury hospitality contexts. Full article

Growing environmental pressures have increased interest in zero-waste practices within the hospitality industry, while digital platforms have become key spaces where such practices are interpreted and debated. However, limited research has examined how zero-waste hospitality is represented in digital public discourse. This study addresses this gap by analyzing 10,944 posts from X (Twitter) collected globally in English using an integrated approach combining text mining, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling implemented in Python (v3.14.5). The findings indicate that online discussions are predominantly neutral and positive, suggesting a normalization of zero-waste practices, while critical narratives point to concerns about greenwashing, pricing, and implementation consistency. Topic modeling further shows that zero-waste hotels are framed within broader themes, such as circular economy and carbon reduction, rather than solely operational practices. Building on these insights, the study proposes a three-layer conceptualization of digital sustainability discourse—informational, normative, and critical dimensions. By offering a conceptual perspective grounded in large-scale user-generated data, the study contributes to sustainable tourism literature and advances our understanding of how sustainability practices are socially constructed in digital contexts. Full article