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Keywords = HEPE hydroxylated eicosapentaenoic acid

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8 pages, 1486 KB  
Article
Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria
by Nils Meyer, Johanna Rettner, Markus Werner, Oliver Werz and Georg Pohnert
Mar. Drugs 2018, 16(12), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120486 - 4 Dec 2018
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 6182
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria can lyse microalgal blooms and trigger shifts within plankton communities. Resistant algal species can escape lysis, and have the opportunity to dominate the phytoplankton after a bacterial infection. Despite their important function in ecosystem regulation, little is known about mechanisms of [...] Read more.
Algicidal bacteria can lyse microalgal blooms and trigger shifts within plankton communities. Resistant algal species can escape lysis, and have the opportunity to dominate the phytoplankton after a bacterial infection. Despite their important function in ecosystem regulation, little is known about mechanisms of resistance. Here, we show that the diatom Chaetoceros didymus releases eicosanoid oxylipins into the medium, and that the lytic algicidal bacterium, Kordia algicida, induces the production of several wound-activated oxylipins in this resistant diatom. Neither releases nor an induction occurs in the susceptible diatom Skeletonema costatum that is lysed by the bacterium within a few days. Among the upregulated oxylipins, hydroxylated eicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) dominate. However, also, resolvins, known lipid mediators in mammals, increase upon exposure of the algae to the algicidal bacteria. The prevailing hydroxylated fatty acid, 15-HEPE, significantly inhibits growth of K. algicida at a concentration of approximately 1 µM. The oxylipin production may represent an independent line of defense of the resistant alga, acting in addition to the previously reported upregulation of proteases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Strategies to Counteract Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms)
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