Passenger and commercial transportation significantly contribute to hazardous air pollution. Exhaust gas after-treatment technology advances closely to the emission regulations throughout the world. The upcoming legislation will be EURO VII in Europe...
This study presents a one-dimensional numerical simulation of particulate matter (PM) oxidation and regeneration behavior in gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) under Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) conditions. The model incorpo...
This study investigates the relationship between exhaust gas composition, particle number (PN) emissions, and soot microstructure of a 1.9 L compression-ignition engine operated under six controlled steady-state load regimes at 2000 min−1. Unli...
The European Union’s ambition to reach climate neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050 entails, among other things, cleaner road vehicles. The European Commission’s proposal for the next regulatory emissions standard, Euro 7, requ...
A heavy-duty engine is homologated in a test cell. However, starting with Euro VI regulation, the in-service conformity is controlled with the engine installed in the vehicle using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). In Europe, the applicat...
The Euro 7 legislation and the Zero-Impact Emissions concept aim at significantly improving air quality. Technologies that reduce pollutant emissions beyond current gasoline passenger cars have already been intensively investigated, but a holistic sy...
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are included in the group of promoted transport fuel alternatives in Europe. Most studies on emissions factors are based on old technology CNG and LPG fueled vehicles. Furthermore, there...
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been an efficient emission treatment strategy employed in internal combustion engines (ICEs) to cope with NOx emission limits since the introduction of Euro 4 regulations for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. A porti...
The upcoming Euro 7 vehicle exhaust emissions regulation includes particle number (PN) limits for all vehicles, not only those with direct fuel injection. It also sets the lower detection particle size of the PN methodology to 10 nm from 23 nm. Recen...
Gaseous emissions of modern Euro 6d vehicles, when tested within real driving emissions (RDE) boundaries, are, in most cases, at low levels. There are concerns, though, about their emission performance when tested at or above the boundaries of ambien...
Some European Heavy Duty (HD) vehicle manufacturers have adopted Open Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) systems to improve reliability and performance. The emission compliance of HD vehicles both during certification and In-Service Conformity (ISC) testing...
Ammonia is a toxic exhaust component emitted from internal combustion engines. Both pure ammonia and the products of its reaction with nitrogen and sulfur compounds, being the source of particulate matter (PM) emissions, are dangerous for human healt...
The upcoming Euro 7 regulation for Heavy-Duty (HD) vehicles is calling for a further tightening of the Solid Particle Number (SPN) emissions by means of both lowering the applicable limits and shifting the lowest detectable size from 23 nm (SPN23) to...
Over the past few decades, criteria emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) from transportation have decreased significantly, thanks to stricter emission standards and the widespre...
Although particulate matter (PM) pollution from vehicles’ exhaust has decreased significantly over the years, the contribution from non-exhaust sources (brakes, tyres) has remained at the same levels. In the European Union (EU), Euro 7 regulati...
Emissions standards describe the fuels, the procedures, and, among others, the analyzers to be used for the measurement of the different compounds during the type-approval of heavy-duty engines and vehicles. Traditionally, NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, and...
Vehicles’ exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions have significantly decreased over the years. On the other hand, non-exhaust emissions, i.e., particle emissions from brakes and tires, have increased due to the increase in the vehicle fleet,...
The problem of the conversion of diesel buses to electric ones in connection with the inevitable introduction of the EURO 7 emission standards entails an automatic requirement to follow several additional United Nations Economic Commission for Europe...
Many cities are still struggling to comply with current air quality regulations. Road transport is usually a significant source of NOx emissions, especially in urban areas. Therefore, NOx from road vehicles needs to be further reduced below current s...
This article addresses the braking controls for an electric vehicle with DC motors such that the voltage in the motors is used for controlling the wheel angular velocity. Other papers on the anti-lock braking system (ABS) handled how to derive the br...
The Fit for 55 and Euro 7 regulations significantly reduce CO2 emissions from combustion sources. This will be reflected in the regulations governing the approval of in-service vehicles, including those using alternative fuels. The present study focu...
The recently introduced Euro 7 emissions standard regulation foresees the addition of abrasion limits for tyres sold in the European Union. The measurement procedures for tyre abrasion are described in the newly introduced Annex 10 of the United Nati...
Tire–road friction is a fundamental factor in vehicle safety, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the tire–road friction coefficient (TRFC), emphasizing its dynamic n...
Tyre wear is a major contributor to global microplastic pollution, affecting air, soil, water, and wildlife as well as human health. In the European Union (EU), the latest Euro 7 regulation foresees the introduction of tyre abrasion limits covering a...
Brake particulate matter (PM) represents a significant portion of the non-exhaust related soot emissions from all forms of transport, posing significant environmental and health concerns. Euro 7 standards only regulate road automotive emissions, whil...
Exhaust regulations and improved exhaust gas treatment systems have already initiated the trend that brings emissions from brakes and tires to the forefront of traffic-induced particulate matter. The health and environmental relevance of particulate...
Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution has been linked to major adverse health effects. Road transport still contributes significantly to ambient PM concentrations, but mainly due to the non-exhaust emissions from vehicles. For the first time worldwid...
On-road real-driving emissions (RDE) tests with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are part of the vehicle emissions regulations in the European Union (EU). For a given vehicle, the final emission results depend on the influence of the amb...
In the context of increasingly stringent vehicle emission regulations, computer-aided engineering has been indispensable for optimizing the design and the operational strategies of emission control systems. This paper proposes a new filtration model...
Grey cast iron brake discs are widely used in automotive applications due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. However, stricter environmental regulations such as Euro 7 demand improved surface durability to reduce particulate emissi...
Tyre particles are generated by shear forces between the tread and the road or by volatilisation. Tyre abrasion (wear) contributes from one-third to half of microplastics unintentionally released into the environment. The major part ends up in the so...
Taking into account the requirements to reduce the release of harmful emissions into the environment, the EU’s environmental standards when transitioning to the Euro 7 standard in 2025 will actually lead vehicles having to operate without produ...
Extensive research about non-exhaust fine particles from tires and brakes in vehicles has been reported, focusing on the significant effects on air pollution and human harm. Significant investigations are still needed in determining the cause of infl...
As the world transitions to decarbonized fuels, understanding the impact of engine oil on emissions remains crucial. Lubricant-derived particulate emissions can influence air quality and regulatory compliance in future transport. Researchers have pre...