The current color-difference formulas were developed based on 2D samples and there is no standard guidance for the color-difference evaluation of 3D objects. The aim of this study was to test and optimize the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color-difference for...
Quality evaluation of gemstones is a core issue in gemological research, and color is one of the most decisive variables in gemstone grading. However, gemstone color assessment is often affected by perceptual subjectivity and by differences in viewin...
Based on previous visual assessments of 440 color pairs of 3D-printed samples, we tested the performance of eight color-difference formulas (CIELAB, CIEDE2000, CAM02-LCD, CAM02-SCD, CAM02-UCS, CAM16-LCD, CAM16-SCD, and CAM16-UCS) using the standardiz...
Bridges are recurrent visual elements within linear cultural heritage corridors, but their recorded color appearance and within-scene relationships with water and vegetation remain insufficiently characterized at corridor scale. This study develops a...
The aim of this study was to evaluate color inconstancy of dental ceramics under the white light-emitting diode illuminants recently proposed by the CIE. From spectral reflectance factors of 18 dental ceramics (VST, NSP, and IEC; shades A1, A2, A3, A...
Novel low-cost portable spectrophotometers could be an alternative to traditional spectrophotometers and calibrated RGB cameras by offering lower prices and convenient measurements but retaining high colorimetric accuracy. This study evaluated the co...
This work presents a spectral color-imaging procedure for the detailed colorimetric study of real artworks under arbitrary illuminants. The results demonstrate this approach to be a powerful tool for art and heritage professionals when deciding which...
Historic-district maintenance and repainting may preserve familiar colors while altering relationships among roofs, facades, and architectural accents. Conventional palette surveys identify which colors occur but provide limited information about the...
This in vitro study compared surface roughness (Ra) and CIEDE2000 color change (ΔE00) of two giomer flowables with surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler, Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Beautifil Flow Plus X F00, and two nanofill resin c...
Printer color characterization maps colorant amounts to colorimetry. We compare 13 machine learning methods with polynomial regression on nine characterization datasets with three to seven colorants, and 13 newsprint press runs, using the CIEDE2000 c...
There is no practical and at the same time objective colour system available for describing cultivated roses (Rosa L. cultivars). For this reason, a new colour classification system was developed which is colorimetrically balanced and appropriate for...
Background/Objectives: Reproducing enamel optical behavior requires appropriate refractive and translucency characteristics. This in vitro study compared the effective group refractive index (RI) and visible translucency of five resin composites with...
Objective: This in vitro study aimed to compare the layer-matched color compatibility of three 3Y/4Y/5Y multilayer zirconia grades marketed in shade A2. Materials and Methods: Disc specimens (18 mm × 1.5 mm) were milled from pre-shaded multilayer zir...
This study aims to examine the effect of additional light curing on the color stability and degree of conversion (DoC) of mono-shade resin composites cured using different light curing units and irradiation levels. Sixty-six disk-shaped samples were...
This exploratory technical case study evaluates correspondence between physical and artificial intelligence (AI) images in reference-based visualization of velvet upholstery surfaces under three illumination conditions. Cotton, polyester, and acrylic...
Smartphone-based colorimetric biosensor readout is strongly influenced by illumination, yet lighting conditions are often characterized mainly by illuminance rather than by their spectral composition. This study investigates the spectral, photometric...
This study investigated the impact of conventional chlorhexidine (CHX) and anti-discoloration system (ADS)-containing CHX mouthrinses on the color stability of diverse dental polymers, both alone and in combination with coffee. Specimens (n = 180) we...
Objective: This study compared the effect on tooth colour (colour change and whiteness) of two commercially available charcoal-coated toothbrushes with that of a conventional toothbrush. Materials and Methods: In this randomised, assessor-blinded, pa...
This in vitro study assessed tooth color and whiteness changes following application of a commercial LED-assisted over-the-counter (OTC) whitening system, and characterized subsequent color changes under different immersion conditions. Sixty extracte...
Background/Objectives: This in vitro study compared color and roughness changes after simulated toothbrushing in milled GC Cerasmart 270 (CS) and 3D-printed Formlabs Permanent Crown (FL) following glazing or mechanical polishing. Methods: Eighty spec...
Dental composites are ceramic-reinforced polymers; however, their colour stability is crucial for clinical maintenance, as composite restorations are inherently susceptible to colour change over time. In this in vitro study, eighty standardised 3D-pr...
At present, provisional restorative materials are widely used for both short- and long-term treatment purposes. In esthetic dentistry, for the simulation of natural teeth, fluorescence plays a crucial role in enhancing the elegant, vibrant, and life-...
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the color-matching and light transmission properties of a newly developed aesthetic flowable resin composite, OCFB-001. Methods: Rubber molds containing cylindrical cavities were filled with Estelite Sigma Qui...
This study evaluated the colour and translucency changes in resin cements and lithium disilicate veneer restorations, as well as the sorption and solubility of cements after staining. Four resin cements (G-CEM ONE, RelyX Universal, Panavia V5, Variol...
In-office teeth bleaching is an esthetic dental procedure performed to whiten teeth. A desensitizing procedure often requires prior in-office bleaching to relieve tooth hypersensitivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effic...
Background: The aesthetic performance of single-shade polymer-based restorative materials (SPRs) can be compromised by extrinsic stains. Understanding the effects of novel whitening interventions on SPRs is crucial. Objective: This in vitro study aim...
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in CAD/CAM workflows to address persistent challenges in restorative dentistry, including unpredictable color outcomes and time-intensive crown design steps. Yet, evidence o...
We study prediction-to-decision certification for inverse design with vector-valued response surfaces. An unknown response map is estimated from data, a target response is prescribed, and a decision is obtained by minimizing a target-loss function. T...
This study evaluated the effects of thermocycling on surface roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), color stability (ΔE00), and water sorption of interim materials manufactured by three methods. Disc specimens (n = 20/group) were fabricated from a convent...
Color reintegration is a restoration treatment that involves applying paint or colored plaster to an object of cultural heritage to facilitate its perception and understanding. This study examines the impact of lighting on the visual appearance of on...
High-performance nylon 6,6 webbings used in critical applications degrade under solar exposure, necessitating reliable methods to assess their residual strength non-destructively. This study investigates the feasibility of using instrumental color ch...
Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the colors (A2, A3 and A3.5) of polymerized resin-based composites (RBCs) with respect to the shade numbers within each product line and the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide they purpor...
Generative neural networks have expanded from text and image generation to creating realistic 3D graphics, which are critical for immersive virtual environments. Physically Based Rendering (PBR)—crucial for realistic 3D graphics—depends o...
The proliferation of sophisticated counterfeiting poses critical challenges to global security and commerce, with annual losses exceeding $2.2 trillion. This paper presents a novel physics-constrained deep learning framework for high-precision securi...
An improved spectral reflectance estimation method was developed to transform captured RGB images to spectral reflectance. The novelty of our method is an iteratively reweighted regulated model that combines polynomial expansion signals, which was de...
Colorimetric characterization is the basis of color information management in color imaging systems. In this paper, we propose a colorimetric characterization method based on kernel partial least squares (KPLS) for color imaging systems. This method...
The extraction of device-independent color values from affordable and accessible digital images based on a standard color space system is crucially necessary for agricultural applications, where color information for plant monitoring or diagnostics i...
Introduction: Recent advancements in technologies, such as 3D printing, have been adopted in prosthodontics to streamline clinical procedures and provide high-quality prosthetic devices to patients within a reduced timeframe. Aim of the study: This s...
Recently, corrugated cardboard furniture gained interest from the market, yet is limited to indoor application. With an aim toward outdoor usage, water-barrier improvement of such products must be achieved. In this work, three commercially available...
The color of product packaging plays an important role in brand awareness and consistency. Given the importance of consistent color reproduction, the use of standardized spot colors is essential. However, the reproduction of specific spot colors in o...
Most dyeing occurs when a fabric is in a wet state, while color matching is performed when the fabric is in a dry state. As water is a colorless liquid, it has been difficult to analytically map these two states using existing color theories. Machine...
In a hazy environment, visibility is reduced and objects are difficult to identify. For this reason, many dehazing techniques have been proposed to remove the haze. Especially, in the case of the atmospheric scattering model estimation-based method,...
In contrast to images taken on land scenes, images taken over water are more prone to degradation due to the influence of the haze. However, existing image dehazing methods are mainly developed for land-scene images and perform poorly when applied to...
Real-time rendering is increasingly used in augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), interactive design, and product visualisation, where materials must prioritise efficiency and consistency rather than the extreme accuracy required in offline renderin...
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the color matching, light transmittance, and reflectance characteristics of the novel flowable resin composite OCF-001 (OCF). Methods: Fifty-four resin composite molds were made with simulated class I cavities...
This study focuses on the issue of visual sustainability of colors in commercial historical districts, taking the historical area of Xueshi Street–Wuzoufang Street in Suzhou, China as a case study. It explores how to balance modern commercial d...
RGB digital cameras (RGB) compress the spectral information into a trichromatic system capable of approximately representing the actual colors of objects. Although RGB digital cameras follow the same compression philosophy as the human eye (OBS), the...
This in vitro study evaluated the effects of activated charcoal mouthwashes on the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites after long-term water aging and repolishing. One nanofilled (Filtek Universal) and two nanohybrid composites...
Dental materials are mainly tested in vitro, so laboratory conditions must reproduce the oral environment to ensure the validity of their results. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of backgrounds on the color of gingiva-colored resin-based c...
Underwater imagery plays a vital role in ocean development and conservation efforts. However, underwater images often suffer from chromatic aberration and low contrast due to the attenuation and scattering of visible light in the complex medium of wa...
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