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WEVJ
Special Issues
Recent Developments in Practical Demonstrations of V2G Technologies
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Recent Developments in Practical Demonstrations of V2G Technologies

A special issue of World Electric Vehicle Journal (ISSN 2032-6653).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 1991

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mattia Marinelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Interests: grid integrated electric vehicles; smart and autonomous charging; vehicle-to-grid; fast-charging stations; charging patterns; hybrid power plants; behind-the-meter applications; electric vehicle battery degradation; EV clustering and control
Dr. Hugo Morais

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INESC-ID, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: smart grids; electricity markets; energy resource management; distributed power generation; smart power grids; battery-powered vehicles; distribution networks; electric vehicle charging; power distribution economics; power distribution operational planning; power system management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite researchers, practitioners, and industry experts to submit their original research and case studies on the latest advancements in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies. This Special Issue aims to highlight practical demonstrations and real-world applications that showcase the potential of V2G systems in enhancing grid stability, optimizing energy use, and supporting the integration of renewable energy sources.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Innovative V2G pilot projects: Detailed case studies and outcomes from recent V2G implementations.
  • Optimization techniques: AI-driven algorithms and machine learning methods for improving V2G operations.
  • Economic and environmental impacts: Analysis of cost benefits and sustainability contributions of V2G systems.
  • Policy and regulatory frameworks: Insights into legislative advancements and challenges in V2G adoption.
  • User experience and engagement: Studies on user participation and satisfaction in V2G programs.

Submissions should provide comprehensive insights into the practical challenges and solutions encountered in V2G deployments. Accepted papers will contribute to a deeper understanding of how V2G technologies can be effectively integrated into modern energy systems.

Dr. Mattia Marinelli
Dr. Hugo Morais
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. World Electric Vehicle Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)
  • smart grid integration
  • renewable energy
  • energy optimization
  • pilot projects
  • AI and machine learning
  • economic impact
  • environmental sustainability
  • policy and regulation
  • user engagement

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 5744 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Comparison of Vehicle-To-Grid and Commercial-Scale Battery Energy Storage System: Insights for the Technology Roadmap of Electric Vehicle Batteries
by Jingxuan Geng, Han Hao, Xu Hao, Ming Liu, Hao Dou, Zongwei Liu and Fuquan Zhao
World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(4), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16040200 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
With the rapid growth of renewable energy integration, battery energy storage technologies are playing an increasingly pivotal role in modern power systems. Among these, electric vehicle distributed energy storage systems (EV-DESSs) using vehicle-to-grid technology and commercial battery energy storage systems (BESSs) exhibit substantial [...] Read more.
With the rapid growth of renewable energy integration, battery energy storage technologies are playing an increasingly pivotal role in modern power systems. Among these, electric vehicle distributed energy storage systems (EV-DESSs) using vehicle-to-grid technology and commercial battery energy storage systems (BESSs) exhibit substantial potential for user-side energy storage applications. A comparative analysis of the cost competitiveness between these two types of energy storage systems is crucial for understanding their roles in the evolving power system. However, existing studies lack a unified framework for techno-economic comparisons between EV-DESSs and commercial BESSs. To address this research gap, we conduct a comprehensive, technology-rich techno-economic assessment of EV-DESSs and commercial BESSs, comparing their economic feasibility across various grid services. Based on the technical modeling, this research simulates the operational processes and the additional battery degradation of EV-DESSs and commercial BESSs for providing frequency regulation as well as peak shaving and valley filling services. Building on this foundation, the study evaluates the cost competitiveness and profitability of both technologies. The results indicate that the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) of EV-DESSs and commercial BESSs ranges from 0.057 to 0.326 USD/kWh and from 0.123 to 0.350 USD/kWh, respectively, suggesting significant overlap and thus intense competition. The benefit–cost ratio of EV-DESSs and commercial BESSs ranges from 26.3% to 270.1% and from 19.3% to 138.0%, respectively. Battery cost and cycle life are identified as the key factors enabling EV-DESSs to outperform commercial BESSs. This drives a strong preference for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in V2G applications, allowing for LCOS reductions of up to 4.2%–76.3% compared to commercial BESSs across different grid services. In contrast, ternary lithium-ion batteries exhibit weaker cost competitiveness in EV-DESSs compared to commercial BESSs. While solid-state and sodium–ion batteries are promising alternatives, they are less competitive in V2G applications due to higher costs or a shorter cycle life. These findings highlight the superiority of LFP batteries in current V2G applications and the need to align cost, cycle life, and safety performance in the development of next-generation battery chemistries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Practical Demonstrations of V2G Technologies)
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14 pages, 2848 KiB  
Article
Smart Charging and V2G: Enhancing a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Intelligent and Bidirectional EV Charging
by Thomas Franzelin, Sarah Schwarz and Stephan Rinderknecht
World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(3), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16030121 - 23 Feb 2025
Viewed by 863
Abstract
Energy storage systems and intelligent charging infrastructures are critical components addressing the challenges arising with the growth of renewables and the rising energy demand. Hybrid energy storage systems, in particular, are promising, as they combine two or more types of energy storage technologies [...] Read more.
Energy storage systems and intelligent charging infrastructures are critical components addressing the challenges arising with the growth of renewables and the rising energy demand. Hybrid energy storage systems, in particular, are promising, as they combine two or more types of energy storage technologies with complementary characteristics to enhance the overall performance. Managing electric vehicle charging enables the demand to align with fluctuating generation, while storage systems can enhance energy flexibility and reliability. In the case of bidirectional charging, EVs can even function as mobile, flexible storage systems that can be integrated into the grid. This paper introduces a novel testing environment that integrates unidirectional and bidirectional charging infrastructures into an existing hybrid energy storage system. It describes the test environment in technical detail, explains the functionality, and outlines its usefulness in practical applications. The test system not only supports grid integration but also expands the degrees of freedom for testing, enabling flexible and realistic experimental setups. This environment facilitates comprehensive investigations into EV behavior, charging strategies, control algorithms, and user interactions. It provides a platform for exploring the possibilities, limitations, and optimal use cases for smart charging and hybrid storage systems in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Practical Demonstrations of V2G Technologies)
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