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Modelling of Floods and Droughts under a Changing Climate

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 14783

Special Issue Editor

CSIRO Land & Water, GPOB 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Interests: hydroclimate modelling; flood inundation modelling; hydrological modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change poses great challenges for the water sector and everything else that relies on water. It is extremely important for water managers to plan, adapt to and mitigate climate change as water resources are largely climate-dependent. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the world is getting warmer/hotter, but parts of the world are becoming drier, too, whereas some other parts wetter, which will have major implications for water security and risk management in the future. Advances in modelling of floods and droughts under climate change help us to better understand and assess risks to floods and water resource availability right now and moving forward. We would like to invite contributions on various aspects of this modelling, including but not limited to modelling techniques, uncertainty analysis, sensitivity studies, bias correction, data assimilation, calibration and validation methods, integration of remote sensing data, impact studies, etc. We hope this Special Issue will improve our knowledge and help us to better prepare for climate conditions that lie beyond conditions experienced in the past.

Dr. Jin Teng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hydrology
  • inundation
  • hydroclimate
  • global warming
  • climate variability
  • changing climate

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1637 KiB  
Article
Hydrodynamic Model Ensembles for Climate Change Projections in Estuarine Regions
by Isabel Iglesias, Ana Bio, Willian Melo, Paulo Avilez-Valente, José Pinho, Mariana Cruz, Ana Gomes, José Vieira, Luísa Bastos and Fernando Veloso-Gomes
Water 2022, 14(12), 1966; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121966 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2546
Abstract
In the current context of climate change, understanding the effects of the changing conditions on estuaries is of utmost importance to protect populations and ecosystems. Given the diversity of impacts depending on the region, there is a need for local and dedicated studies [...] Read more.
In the current context of climate change, understanding the effects of the changing conditions on estuaries is of utmost importance to protect populations and ecosystems. Given the diversity of impacts depending on the region, there is a need for local and dedicated studies to understand and mitigate the risks. Numerical models can provide forecasts of extreme floods and sea-level rise (SLR). However, they can present inaccuracies. In this work, the ensemble technique was applied to improve the numerical modeling forecasting for estuaries by considering scenarios of extreme river flow discharges (EFDs) and SLR scenarios for 2050 and 2100. The simulations were performed for two different estuarine regions in northern Portugal, and the superensemble was constructed with the results of two different numerical models. The results differed per estuary, highlighting the importance of a local approach. For the Douro estuary dynamics, the results showed that for the EFD, the effects of the SLR were not noticeable, indicating that, in this estuary, the river component was more important than the maritime component. In contrast, the Minho estuary dynamics were found to be affected by the SLR along the whole estuarine region, indicating a maritime influence and a worsening of the flood conditions for future scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Floods and Droughts under a Changing Climate)
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24 pages, 11867 KiB  
Article
Development of a New Multivariate Composite Drought Index for the Blue Nile River Basin
by Marwa Ali, Mostafa Ghaith, Ahmed Wagdy and Ahmed M. Helmi
Water 2022, 14(6), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060886 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4257
Abstract
Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over a season or even years. Drought affects people more than any other natural disaster due to its widespread and significant negative impacts. Population growth and associated water demand add further stress on water resources, especially [...] Read more.
Drought is a slow-onset phenomenon that evolves over a season or even years. Drought affects people more than any other natural disaster due to its widespread and significant negative impacts. Population growth and associated water demand add further stress on water resources, especially in periods of drought. Drought indices represent a single value resulting from processing a considerable amount of data. These indices provide a short message to stakeholders to adapt water resource management strategies. Since drought results from interconnected phenomena, designing a composite drought index that includes several drought indices can accurately capture drought events. Drought assessment over a large-scale basin (e.g., the Blue Nile) is a challenging objective that has not been deeply tackled before except for small portions of the basin. This paper assessed droughts over the whole basin by evaluating meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought indices. The calculated drought indices (Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and standardized soil moisture index (SSI)) in addition to the development of a new standardized evapotranspiration index (sETI) are jointly integrated into a novel composite drought index for the Blue Nile (BNI). The optimal weights for SPI, SRI, sETI, and SSI were 0.33, 0.26, 0.2, and 0.19, respectively, in the designed BNI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Floods and Droughts under a Changing Climate)
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Review

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13 pages, 2329 KiB  
Review
Systematic Review of Flood and Drought Literature Based on Science Mapping and Content Analysis
by Siavash Fasihi, Wen Zyn Lim, Wenyan Wu and David Proverbs
Water 2021, 13(19), 2788; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192788 - 8 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6333
Abstract
The severity and frequency of flood and drought events have increased in recent decades. These climate change-induced and anthropogenic stressors on water resources represent the leading water-related hazards to communities. Further, the increasing exposure of the population and infrastructure to such events has [...] Read more.
The severity and frequency of flood and drought events have increased in recent decades. These climate change-induced and anthropogenic stressors on water resources represent the leading water-related hazards to communities. Further, the increasing exposure of the population and infrastructure to such events has heightened the risks. Assessing the impact scope of these events in different subfields towards comprehensively evaluating the risks requires an unbiased systematic approach. This paper combines content analysis and science mapping to investigate the existing multidisciplinary body of knowledge on analyzing flood and drought together. Searching the literature using selected search terms yielded a sample of 119 publications. Initially, various contents, such as the authors’ keywords, applied methods and indices, and study scale, were extracted from these articles. These contents were then incorporated into the science mapping technique to form communicative networks. Analyzing these publications revealed 13 major research themes, with a sustained focus on hydrological issues. However, a more diverse range of themes was recently revealed, including economy, sociology, insurance, and policymaking. Producing such computational and visual networks explained informative insights that can help further develop both existing and new frameworks to support the management, design and policymaking sectors in responding to both flood and drought events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Floods and Droughts under a Changing Climate)
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