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Stable Isotope in Soil, Plant and Water: Ecohydrological Process from Ecosystem to Watershed

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 8242

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xuefa Wen

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Guest Editor

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: stable isotope; ecohydrology; ecosystem ecology; watershed; critical zone; water, carbon and nitrogen cycles

Dr. Sidan Lyu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: stable isotope; ecohydrology; ecosystem; watershed; critical zone; solute transport; environmental effect assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stable water and other related (carbon, oxygen, etc.) isotopes offer unique insight into a wide variety of ecohydrological processes of soil–plant–atmosphere continuum as well as bedrock from ecosystem to watershed. Soil water plays an important link in the hydrological cycle, including input fluxes of precipitation, and output fluxes of evaporation, transpiration, and runoff. Soil water isotopes reflect the long-term integrated results of rain infiltration, plants transpiration through water uptake, and soil evaporation, etc. In addition, if groundwater recharge, dew formation, or hydraulic redistribution occur, the isotopic composition of soil water and soil residual water storage also can be changed. The perspective of Earth’s critical zone from plant canopy down to streamflow and groundwater supply opportunities for deep understanding of ecohydrological processes at ecosystem and watershed scales, particularly in vadose zones.

This Special Issue invites the submission of original research papers or review papers covering the latest findings and progresses on stable water and other related (carbon, oxygen, etc.) isotopes for ecohydrological processes of soil–plant–atmosphere continuum as well as bedrock from ecosystem to watershed. We are interested in papers that can explore related ecohydrological processes based on the isotopic ratio of precipitation, soil water, xylme water, leaf water, water vapor and water and the isotopic flux ratio of evaporation from soil and water, plant transpiration, and runoff, etc. Contributions related to the vertical ecohydrological processes of soil–plant–atmosphere continuum as well as bedrock, horizontal ecohydrological processes of watershed, and their interconnection of vertical and horizontal ecohydrological processes will be highly welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Xuefa Wen
Dr. Sidan Lyu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

stable isotope
ecohydrology
soil water
precipitation
plant water
runoff water
evaporation
transpiration
catchment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Phosphorus in Sediments of Shuangtai Estuary Wetland during the Period of Reed Growth

by Xiaofeng Lu, Qing Liu, Yu Dong, Joseph McDonald Smoak and Tieliang Wang

Water 2022, 14(23), 3804; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233804 - 22 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1126

Abstract

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the biological productivity and biogeochemical cycling of other biogenic elements. As a large tidal wetland dominated by reeds in Liaoning province, China, the Shuangtai estuary wetland is a unique ecosystem class. To better understand the spatial and temporal distributions of total phosphorus (TP) in the sediments of the Shuangtai estuary wetland during the period of reed growth, eight sampling sites were established within the wetland, approximately 11 to 24 km from Liaohe River. These sites were sampled once a month at multiple sediment depth intervals between April and October in 2018 and 2019, periods of time that corresponded with the reed growth period. An alkali fusion method was used to determine TP in the sediment samples. The results show that sediment TP content of wetland sediments ranged from 0.001 to 0.781 mg/kg, and decreases from southwest to northeast with the increase in sediment depth. The TP content reaches the maximum corresponding to the fastest growth stage of the reeds (June and July), while the minimum occurs in October (i.e., the maturity stage of reeds). The variation law of TP in cross-sectional sediment in the wetland is that the deeper the sediments are, the lower the content; its maximum content occurs in surface soil. The TP content of each site tends to be stable with increasing depth and has a regularly dynamic seasonal variation with the growth of reeds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Isotope in Soil, Plant and Water: Ecohydrological Process from Ecosystem to Watershed)

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19 pages, 3968 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transpiration Induced Changes in Atmospheric Water Vapor δ¹⁸O via Isotopic Non-Steady-State Effects on a Subtropical Forest Plantation

by Sidan Lyu and Jing Wang

Water 2022, 14(17), 2648; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172648 - 27 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1267

Abstract

Accurate simulation of oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O_T) of transpiration (T) and its contribution via isotopic non-steady-state (NSS) to atmospheric water vapor δ¹⁸O (δ¹⁸O_v) still faces great challenges. High-frequency in-situ measurements of δ¹⁸O_v and evapotranspiration (ET) δ¹⁸O were conducted for two summer days on a subtropical forest plantation. δ¹⁸O of xylem, leaf, and soil water at 3 or 4-h intervals was analyzed. Leaf water δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁸O_T were estimated using the Craig and Gordon (CG), Dongmann and Farquhar–Cernusak models, and evaporation (E) δ¹⁸O using the CG model. To quantify the effects of δ¹⁸O_T, δ¹⁸O_E, and δ¹⁸O_ET on δ¹⁸O_v, T, E, and ET isoforcing was calculated as the product of T, E, and ET fluxes, and the deviation of their δ¹⁸O from δ¹⁸O_v. Results showed that isotopic steady-state assumption (SS) was satisfied between 12:00 and 15:00. NSS was significant, and δ¹⁸O_T was underestimated by SS before 12:00 and after 18:00. The Péclet effect was less important to δ¹⁸O_T simulation than NSS at the canopy level. Due to decreasing atmospheric vertical mixing and the appearance of the inversion layer, contribution from positive T isoforcing increased δ¹⁸O_v in the morning and at night. During the daytime, the contribution from positive T isoforcing increased first and then decreased due to strong vertical mixing and variability in T rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Isotope in Soil, Plant and Water: Ecohydrological Process from Ecosystem to Watershed)

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24 pages, 2404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Precision Calculation of the Proportions of Water with δ²H and δ¹⁸O, the Cumulative Effect of Evaporation in the Vertical Direction and Depleted δ²H and δ¹⁸O of the Shallow Soil Water Caused by Evaporation

by Zhenyu Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Guoyan Pan and Yang Xiao

Water 2022, 14(17), 2594; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172594 - 23 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1317

Abstract

Exploring the water sources taken up by plants is necessary for ecological protection. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact proportions of different water sources absorbed by herbaceous plant species in the wetland of Poyang Lake in an inland humid region. This identified the water sources patterns in wetlands and provide Poyang Lake managers information about the lake water level needed to sustain vegetative life. We analysed the deuterium isotope composition (

δ^{2}

H) and oxygen isotope composition (

δ^{18}

O) values in the stem water of dominant herbaceous plant during its different growth stages to explore the proportions of water sources in different growth stages by using the Phillips equation, and the results supported the accuracy. The results indicate that the groundwater should not be lower than 0.13 m, otherwise the Carex cinerascens may not be able to absorb it. In previous studies, the lower slopes and intercepts of

δ^{2}

H–

δ^{18}

O were attributed to the secondary evaporation under the cloud, but we found that there is a cumulative evaporation effect in rainwater, soil water, and groundwater, which makes the slopes and the intercepts of

δ^{2}

H–

δ^{18}

O relationship lines become lower from top to bottom. In this study, the final effect of evaporation on the

δ^{2}

H and

δ^{18}

O values of shallow soil water is depleting the

δ^{2}

H and

δ^{18}

O values of shallow soil water, which is different from previous studies. The

δ^{2}

H and

δ^{18}

O values of groundwater varied little with changes of seasons and rainfalls. The

δ^{2}

H–

δ^{18}

O relationship lines established by various substances can also reflect the regulation of d-excess by large lakes through secondary sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Isotope in Soil, Plant and Water: Ecohydrological Process from Ecosystem to Watershed)

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15 pages, 2115 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Geochemical and Seasonal Characteristics of Dissolved Iron Isotopes in the Mun River, Northeast Thailand

by Xuhuan Xiao, Guilin Han, Jie Zeng, Man Liu and Xiaoqiang Li

Water 2022, 14(13), 2038; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14132038 - 25 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1573

Abstract

Dissolved iron (Fe) isotopes in river water have a pivotal role in understanding the Fe cycle in the surficial environment. A total of 13 samples of river water were collected from the Mun River to analyze the Fe isotopes and their controlling factors in river water, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and different supply sources. The results showed that dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations ranged from 21.49 μg/L to 232.34 μg/L in the dry season and ranged from 10.48 μg/L to 135.27 μg/L in the wet season, which might be ascribed to the dilution effect. The δ⁵⁶Fe of the dry season (−0.34 to 0.57‰, with an average 0.09‰) was lower than that of the wet season (−0.15 to 0.48‰, with an average 0.14‰). Combined with the δ⁵⁶Fe and DFe/DAl ratios, the end-members of DFe were identified, including rock weathering (high δ⁵⁶Fe and low DFe/DAl ratio), anthropogenic inputs (high δ⁵⁶Fe and high DFe/DAl ratio) and groundwater inputs (low δ⁵⁶Fe and low DFe/DAl ratio). The relationship between δ⁵⁶Fe and DOC concentrations suggested that the chelation of organic matter with heavy Fe isotopes was one of the important sources of heavy Fe isotopes in river water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Isotope in Soil, Plant and Water: Ecohydrological Process from Ecosystem to Watershed)

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20 pages, 4546 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scaling Up from Leaf to Whole-Plant Level for Water Use Efficiency Estimates Based on Stomatal and Mesophyll Behaviour in Platycladus orientalis

by Yonge Zhang, Bing Liu, Guodong Jia, Xinxiao Yu, Xiaoming Zhang, Xiaolin Yin, Yang Zhao, Zhaoyan Wang, Chen Cheng, Yousheng Wang and Yan Xin

Water 2022, 14(2), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020263 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1728

Abstract

Prediction of whole-plant short-term water use efficiency (WUE_s,P) is essential to indicate plant performance and facilitate comparison across different temporal and spatial scales. In this study, an isotope model was scaled up from the leaf to the whole-plant level, in order to simulate the variation in WUE_s,P in response to different CO₂ concentrations (C_a; 400, 600, and 800 μmol·mol⁻¹) and soil water content (SWC; 35–100% of field capacity). For WUE_s,P modelling, leaf gas exchange information, plant respiration, and “unproductive” water loss were taken into account. Specifically, in shaping the expression of the WUE_s,P, we emphasized the role of both stomatal (g_sw) and mesophyll conductance (g_m). Simulations were compared with the measured results to check the model’s applicability. The verification showed that estimates of g_sw from the coupled photosynthesis (P_n,L)-g_sw model accounting for the effect of soil water stress slightly outperformed the model neglecting the soil water status effect. The established coupled P_n,L-g_m model also proved more effective in estimating g_m than the previously proposed model. Introducing the two diffusion control functions into the whole-plant model, the developed model for WUE_s,P effectively captured its response pattern to different C_a and SWC conditions. Overall, this study confirmed that the accurate estimation of WUE_s,P requires an improved predictive accuracy of g_sw and g_m. These results have important implications for predicting how plants respond to climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Isotope in Soil, Plant and Water: Ecohydrological Process from Ecosystem to Watershed)

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