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Reservoir Sustainability: Engineering, Economics, and Ecosystems
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Reservoir Sustainability: Engineering, Economics, and Ecosystems

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 20231

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Rollin H. Hotchkiss

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil & Construction Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
Interests: managing reservoir sedimentation; hydraulics for restoration; river restoration; sediment transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water supply from storage is not keeping up with worldwide demand due to reservoir sedimentation. Most dams have been built to store deposited sediment rather than pass it downstream. This faulty design decision is the result of the shortsighted application of a comparision of benefits and costs. Storing sediment starves downstream reaches of this essential component of rivers, resulting in channel incision, degradation of ecosystems, and a shortage of sediment delivery to coastal deltas. Storing sediment also shortens the project design life, interferes with dam operation, and results in upstream progressing aggradation. Several methods for managing sediment are available and have been either incorporated into a few dam designs or more commonly applied late in the project life to extend benefits. This issue reports on methods to change economic analyses that will ensure sustainable design and operation for new projects and on methods used to date to manage sediment.

Prof. Rollin H. Hotchkiss
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Sustainability
  • Ecosystem restoration
  • Environmental policy
  • Sediment management
  • Water supply

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 6850 KiB  
Article
Classification of Management Alternatives to Combat Reservoir Sedimentation
by Gregory L. Morris
Water 2020, 12(3), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030861 - 19 Mar 2020
Cited by 70 | Viewed by 13638
Abstract
Sedimentation is steadily depleting reservoir capacity worldwide, threatening the reliability of water supplies, flood control, hydropower energy and other benefits that form the basis of today’s water-intensive society. The strategies available to combat reservoir sedimentation may be classed into four broad categories. Three [...] Read more.
Sedimentation is steadily depleting reservoir capacity worldwide, threatening the reliability of water supplies, flood control, hydropower energy and other benefits that form the basis of today’s water-intensive society. The strategies available to combat reservoir sedimentation may be classed into four broad categories. Three proactive categories seek to improve the sediment balance across reservoirs by: (a) reducing sediment yield from the watershed, (b) routing sediment-laden flows around or through the storage pool, and (c) removing deposited sediment following deposition. The fourth category (d) consists of strategies that adapt to capacity loss, without addressing the sediment balance. Successful management will typically combine multiple strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive classification of both proactive and adaptive strategies, consistent with current international practice. Functional descriptions and examples are given for each strategy, and criteria are provided to differentiate between them when there is potential for ambiguity. The classification categories can be used as a checklist of strategies to consider in evaluating sediment management alternatives for new designs as well as remedial work at existing sediment-challenged reservoirs. This will also help practitioners to more clearly describe and communicate the nature of their management activities. Widespread application of both active and adaptive strategies is required to bring sedimentation under control to sustain benefits of water storage for today’s and future generations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reservoir Sustainability: Engineering, Economics, and Ecosystems)
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19 pages, 27501 KiB  
Article
Method for Estimating Sediment Mass Movement from Delta Recutting: A Case Study Using Single Beam Sonar in Deer Creek Reservoir
by Gustavious Paul Williams and Ashley Childers Walton
Water 2019, 11(11), 2222; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112222 - 25 Oct 2019
Viewed by 2735
Abstract
The recutting of delta sediments typically occurs during reservoir drawdown in the summer months. It can affect various reservoir processes and can impact water quality because of resuspending nutrients during warm periods supports phytoplankton growth. Quantifying this sediment movement is a key element [...] Read more.
The recutting of delta sediments typically occurs during reservoir drawdown in the summer months. It can affect various reservoir processes and can impact water quality because of resuspending nutrients during warm periods supports phytoplankton growth. Quantifying this sediment movement is a key element for evaluating the life and quality of a reservoir. This study targets reservoirs in the intermountain region of the U.S. These reservoirs are filled in the spring, then drawdown through the summer to provide irrigation water. Incoming sediment loads are generally restricted to spring high flows, with little new sediment entering the reservoirs during the remainder of the year. As the reservoirs undergo drawdown, the sediment deposited in the delta region during spring flows is re-cut from the exposed delta and moved into submerged delta region. The majority of flow and sediment movement both above and below the water surface occurs in channels cut into the sediments during spring deposition. During recutting, channels in the exposed sediments often move, but the submerged channels are more stationary. Traditional single-beam sonar surveys are performed on a grid and changes are used to quantify sediment movements. This approach is not applicable to delta recutting as the grid resolution is not sufficient to resolve the relevant changes that occur in the narrow excised flow channels. This study explores the ability to quantify and monitor sediment mass movement in Deer Creek Reservoir (DCR) using a single beam sonar. Our method uses surveyed cross-sections across the flow channels. It is difficult to position boat passes exactly on previous survey lines, and small location differences in an up-stream or down-stream location can be significant because of the slope of the channel. To address this, we surveyed each line in two directions, then interpolated both the position and elevation data. We performed periodic surveys over a two-month period. We were able to document and quantify both sediment deposition and erosion areas. As expected, sediment movement was from the inlet areas toward the reservoir. The data showed both deposition and erosion depending on the distance from the reservoir head, which changed over the survey period. This method can be used to quantify sediment recutting and resuspension that can affect nutrient loads during critical warm, low-reservoir conditions, but is difficult to implement accurately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reservoir Sustainability: Engineering, Economics, and Ecosystems)
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Review

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16 pages, 966 KiB  
Review
Elements for the Successful Computer Simulation of Sediment Management Strategies for Reservoirs
by Razieh Anari, Rollin H. Hotchkiss and Eddy J. Langendoen
Water 2020, 12(3), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030714 - 5 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3270
Abstract
Computer simulation of reservoir sediment management strategies is becoming more important as worldwide water supply shrinks due to sediment deposition, while population growth continues. We identified the physical processes underlying each of the several alternatives available to transport incoming or deposited sediments downstream [...] Read more.
Computer simulation of reservoir sediment management strategies is becoming more important as worldwide water supply shrinks due to sediment deposition, while population growth continues. We identified the physical processes underlying each of the several alternatives available to transport incoming or deposited sediments downstream into receiving waters and the governing equations that describe each process. The purpose of this paper is to understand how physical characteristics of reservoir sediment management can be simulated with available computer codes. We described commonly available computer codes and their abilities to solve the appropriate equations in one, two, or three dimensions. The results revealed that one dimensional models are most appropriate for long-term simulations of the evolving reservoir bottom profile, while two or three dimensional codes are more appropriate for simulating density currents and detailed lateral movement of sediments, such as during local pressure flushing near reservoir outlets. We conclude that existing codes can successfully simulate sediment management, but because each code has limitations, they require seasoned judgment in their choice, application, and interpretation. Incorporating sediment prediction and management correctly into the planning, design, and operational phases of dam projects is essential for ensuring that the benefits of reservoir storage are sustained over the long term. The implications of our key findings are that sediment management strategies can be successfully simulated and that such simulations should be performed for our aging dams and newly proposed projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reservoir Sustainability: Engineering, Economics, and Ecosystems)
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