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Biodegradation Strategies for Sustainable Removal of Persistent Pollutants and Xenobiotics in Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 1269

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: xenobiotics; emerging pollutants; PFAS; biodegradation; biotransformation; catalysis; clean-up enzymes and their engineering and immobilization; biofilms; wastewater treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Xenobiotics, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceutical compounds, represent a class of persistent organic pollutants that infiltrate wastewater systems from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities. These pollutants pose critical threats to aquatic ecosystems and potable water resources due to their inherent toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation, and resistance to conventional wastewater treatment methodologies.

This Special Issue is dedicated to exploring and advancing innovative approaches for effectively removing xenobiotics from wastewater, emphasizing sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly solutions. A central theme is the application of biodegradation and biotransformation processes to break down these recalcitrant compounds. The issue highlights cutting-edge enzymatic techniques, including enzyme engineering, immobilization strategies, biofilm-based applications, and bioreactor systems, as transformative tools for enhancing degradation efficiency. It also examines microbial degradation pathways, optimal treatment conditions, and biochemical mechanisms that govern xenobiotic transformation, offering a comprehensive understanding of pollutant removal dynamics. The contributions aim to provide insights into integrating these biological processes within existing and novel treatment frameworks.

This Special Issue seeks to advance the scientific understanding and practical implementation of wastewater treatment strategies by uniting research on bioremediation, enzyme technologies, biofilm science, and bioreactor innovations. It addresses critical challenges in the field by showcasing biotechnological advancements that enhance treatment efficacy, mitigate environmental risks, and ensure safe water production for ecological reintegration and reuse.

Dr. Mohd Faheem Khan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • xenobiotics
  • emerging pollutants
  • PFAS
  • toxic heavy metals
  • biodegradation
  • biotransformation
  • catalysis
  • clean-up enzymes and their engineering and immobilization
  • biofilms
  • wastewater treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 5572 KB  
Article
Enhanced Biosorption of Triarylmethane Dyes by Immobilized Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus: Optimization, Kinetics, and Reusability
by Ruchi Upadhyay, Wioletta Przystaś, Roman Turczyn and Marcelina Jureczko
Water 2025, 17(17), 2600; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17172600 - 2 Sep 2025
Viewed by 915
Abstract
The discharge of synthetic dyes from industries poses severe environmental challenges, necessitating eco-friendly remediation strategies. This study investigated the biosorption of triarylmethane dyes Crystal Violet (CV), and Brilliant Green (BG) using self-immobilized and sponge-immobilized biosorbents of Trametes versicolor (strain CB8, CB8/S2) and Pleurotus [...] Read more.
The discharge of synthetic dyes from industries poses severe environmental challenges, necessitating eco-friendly remediation strategies. This study investigated the biosorption of triarylmethane dyes Crystal Violet (CV), and Brilliant Green (BG) using self-immobilized and sponge-immobilized biosorbents of Trametes versicolor (strain CB8, CB8/S2) and Pleurotus ostreatus (strain BWPH, BWPH/S2). Tests were conducted with live and autoclaved biomass under varying conditions of dye concentration (100–400 mg/L), temperature (15–55 °C), and pH (2–10). Sponge-immobilized live biomass (CB8/S2 and BWPH/S2) showed superior performance, removing up to 90.3% and 81.7% of BG and 43.9% and 39.3% of CV, respectively, within 6 h, demonstrating 3–5 times higher efficiency than self-immobilized biomass for both dyes. Maximum sorption of 379.4 mg/g of BG and 48.9 mg/g of CV was achieved by CB8/S2 at 400 mg/L. Principal Component Analysis biplot confirmed immobilization efficacy, where Dim1 (85.9–91.8% variance) dominated dye concentration and contact time. The optimized conditions for BG removal by CB8/S2 was 20.85–32.17 °C and pH 3.4–6, and for CV, at pH 6.5–7.5 and 30 °C. The percentage of dye sorption data fitted well with the quadratic model (p < 0.05). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions facilitated dye binding onto fungal mycelium. Notably, sponge-immobilized biosorbents were reusable without additional treatment. The findings support fungal biomass immobilization as a viable strategy to augment the bioremediation potential in treating dye-laden wastewater. Full article
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