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Novel Methods in Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment
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Novel Methods in Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 3004

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dorota Olejnik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
Interests: wastewater treatment; AOP; environmental engineering; constructed wetland; heavy metals; sustainability; environmental chemistry; environmental management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drinking water resources are limited worldwide, and the United Nations estimates that the availability of clean and safe drinking water could decrease by up to 40% in the coming decade. The quantity and quality of water resources are crucial to the health of the population and all sectors of the economy, and they are, therefore, a determining factor in preserving society's standard of living. Improvements in the quality of water resources can be achieved by reducing the impacts of municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural pollution on surface and groundwater. Today's water management strategies must be based on modern methods of wastewater and stormwater treatment. An important aspect is the treatment of wastewater at the point of generation; thus, the search for modern, rational methods of treating wastewater and rainwater, e.g., from roof slopes, is one of the most important environmental engineering challenges.

Dr. Dorota Olejnik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • stormwater harvesting
  • stormwater treatment processes
  • heavy metals
  • pollutants and contaminants
  • toxicity
  • sustainability
  • smart cities
  • constructed wetlands
  • managing urban stormwater
  • pollutant load

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2757 KiB  
Article
Multi-Criteria Decision Making: Sustainable Water Desalination
by Daniel Li, Mohamed Galal Hassan-Sayed, Nuno Bimbo, Clara Bartram and Ihab M. T. Shigidi
Water 2025, 17(12), 1729; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17121729 - 7 Jun 2025
Viewed by 402
Abstract
With an increasingly more urbanised global population, surface water and groundwater resources are being/have become outpaced by growing demand. The oceans could address this pertinent scarcity issue, once their high-salinity content is removed. Water desalination could thus be a crucial pathway towards addressing [...] Read more.
With an increasingly more urbanised global population, surface water and groundwater resources are being/have become outpaced by growing demand. The oceans could address this pertinent scarcity issue, once their high-salinity content is removed. Water desalination could thus be a crucial pathway towards addressing global water scarcity. However, conventional desalination is known to be highly energy-intensive, with limited scalability and potentially significant negative environmental impacts. Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) presents a novel approach towards sustainable water desalination based on sustainability-related criteria. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was implemented to determine the most optimal small-scale, modularised, and remote reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant configurations. Twelve configurations were assessed, based on four plant capacities (50, 100, 150, and 200 m3/day) and three diesel-to-solar photovoltaic energy configurations (100–0%, 75–25%, and 60–40%). The hybridised diesel-to-solar configurations were generally ranked higher, particularly when less reliant on diesel, and at small(er) capacities, in terms of the criteria: sustainability, overall efficiency, and standalone potential while maintaining competitive costs. This can likely be attributed to their relatively lower fuel and energy consumption and associated costs. Further research should aim to consider additional criteria, such as battery cost, as well as life cycle assessments that include transportation-related costs/emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods in Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment)
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16 pages, 1698 KiB  
Article
Dark Fermentation of Sizing Process Waste: A Sustainable Solution for Hydrogen Production and Industrial Waste Management
by Marlena Domińska, Martyna Gloc, Magdalena Olak-Kucharczyk and Katarzyna Paździor
Water 2025, 17(11), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111716 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 329
Abstract
The possibility of hydrogen (H2) production from sizing waste, specifically starch-based substrates, was investigated through dark fermentation. Modified starch substrates produced less (up to 54% without heating and 18% after heating) H2 than natural ones. However, heating modified starch samples [...] Read more.
The possibility of hydrogen (H2) production from sizing waste, specifically starch-based substrates, was investigated through dark fermentation. Modified starch substrates produced less (up to 54% without heating and 18% after heating) H2 than natural ones. However, heating modified starch samples led to 18% higher H2 production than unheated ones, suggesting that high temperatures activate more favorable metabolic pathways. The highest H2 production (215 mL/gTVS_substrate) was observed with unheated natural starch, where the classic butyric–acetic fermentation pathway predominated. This variant also generated the highest CO2 levels (250 mL/gTVS_substrate), confirming the correlation between H2 and CO2 production in these pathways. Modified starch substrates shifted fermentation towards fatty acid chain elongation, reducing CO2 production. The proportion of CO2 in the fermentation gases correlated strongly with H2 production across all variants. A decrease in total volatile solids (TVS) indicated effective organic matter conversion, while varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels suggested different degradation rates. Nitrogen analysis (TN) revealed that the differences between variants were due to varying nitrogen processing mechanisms by microorganisms. These results highlight the potential of sizing waste as a substrate for bioH2 production and offer insights for optimizing the process and developing industrial technologies for bioH2 and other valuable products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods in Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment)
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17 pages, 3533 KiB  
Article
Ultrafiltration of Car Wash Wastewater: Pilot-Scale Studies
by Wirginia Tomczak, Piotr Woźniak and Marek Gryta
Water 2025, 17(2), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17020213 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 792
Abstract
Currently, the world faces serious challenges in meeting the growing demand for clean water. The present paper demonstrates the possibility of using the ultrafiltration (UF) process to reuse water from wastewater generated in car washes. Car washes commonly use foaming agents with dyes, [...] Read more.
Currently, the world faces serious challenges in meeting the growing demand for clean water. The present paper demonstrates the possibility of using the ultrafiltration (UF) process to reuse water from wastewater generated in car washes. Car washes commonly use foaming agents with dyes, which, although they are not necessary for washing cars, may hinder water reuse. For this reason, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the dyes present in car wash wastewater on the membrane fouling intensity. For this purpose, experimental tests were conducted with the application of a pilot plant with an industrial PCI B1 membrane module. The module was equipped with tubular FP100 (100 kDa) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. For the feed, two types of cleaning agents and synthetic wastewater were used. The results obtained in the current study demonstrated that the UF membranes allowed the obtainment of the permeate characterized by high quality. In addition, it has been shown that the presence of Indigo carmine dye in the wastewater led to an increase in the fouling intensity. To sum up, it should be pointed out that the findings presented in the current study may be of key importance in the design of pilot installations used for the treatment of car wash wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods in Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment)
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19 pages, 23135 KiB  
Article
Novel Screen System Improvement Methodology for Flood and Diffuse Pollution Control: Demonstration via a Case Study
by Miklas Scholz
Water 2024, 16(24), 3564; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243564 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 859
Abstract
Screen systems are often neglected in practice. This can lead to local flooding, pollution of receiving watercourses, blockages of channels by debris, and safety problems for children playing. The aim of this case study is therefore to protect below-ground channels and people, prevent [...] Read more.
Screen systems are often neglected in practice. This can lead to local flooding, pollution of receiving watercourses, blockages of channels by debris, and safety problems for children playing. The aim of this case study is therefore to protect below-ground channels and people, prevent flooding, improve water quality, and save personnel costs through a new screen system maintenance, repair, and upgrade methodology. The results show that repairing or enlarging the screens optimizes their functionality and reduces the risk of flooding. A particular focus is on increasing the screen dimension from one- and two-dimensional to three-dimensional screens. The new variable safety priority and the bar spacing increase with the passage area. Screens at large discharges should therefore be prioritized. Cleaning sand traps reduces the risk of pipe blockages and improves the water quality of receiving waters. Fine particles often have too high nutrient and oxygen demand values. The installation of pre-screens can increase the efficiency of the main screens. Optimization of travel routes for maintenance teams can be achieved by better planning maintenance routes. Adapting and maintaining screens to climate change by applying the novel prioritization method is likely to be successful. This should include prioritized inspections, repairs, and adjustments to screen structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods in Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment)
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