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Response of Algae to Environmental/Abiotic Stress
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Response of Algae to Environmental/Abiotic Stress

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 11513

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wenhui Gu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: microalgae; metabolic regulation; gene editing; synthetic biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water environments, in both freshwater and marine ecosystems, are habitats for most algal species. The ecological success of algae in water environments makes them globally significant and indispensable for ecosystems, considering they have the largest productivity contribution. In addition, the biomass and metabolic products of both microalgae and macroalgae have created promising solutions for food, medicine, environmental protection, and even carbon neutralization.

For many decades, algal strains have been selected from wild environments and extensively studied for the purpose of water treatment as well as food and feed additives. However, the aquatic ecosystem and inhabiting algae are now challenged by rapidly changing environments, including elevated CO2 levels, increasing nutrients, toxic compounds, and heavy metals. Algal physiological adaption to those environmental stresses is essential for their survival and adaptive evolution.

In terms of algal response and acclimation to environmental stress, many efforts have been made, focused on some of the model organisms, such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Synechocystis. Comparatively, the mechanisms demonstrating physiological and metabolic response in non-model organisms, especially for those with ecological and economic significance, are insufficient. In this Special Issue, we welcome research articles focusing on algal response to environmental stresses, including but not limited to oligotrophic or eutrophic water conditions, fluctuating irradiance, hypertonic or hypotonic stress. Review papers summarizing either freshwater or marine water algal stress acclimation from the perspective of cellular physiology to molecular regulation are especially welcomed. Research articles focusing on genetic manipulation using for enhancement of algal response to environmental stresses are also a priority in this issue. Algal stress-responsive acclimation could enrich our understanding of the ecological interactions between algae and water environment.

Dr. Wenhui Gu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • freshwater or marine algae
  • algal physiology
  • stress response
  • algal acclimation
  • metabolic regulation
  • nutrient
  • light
  • oligotrophic or eutrophic water conditions
  • heavy metals
  • high CO2 level

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3909 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic Analysis of Ulva prolifera in Response to Salt Stress
by Jintao Zhuo, Hong Wang, Yifei Du, Mengmeng Shi, Li Huan and Guangce Wang
Water 2023, 15(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010063 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2524
Abstract
Since 2007, Ulva prolifera, a green macroalgal species that blooms periodically in the Yellow Sea of China, has caused the world’s biggest green tide, which induced harmful ecological impacts and economic losses. When the alga is subject to prolonged exposure to air, [...] Read more.
Since 2007, Ulva prolifera, a green macroalgal species that blooms periodically in the Yellow Sea of China, has caused the world’s biggest green tide, which induced harmful ecological impacts and economic losses. When the alga is subject to prolonged exposure to air, it suffers abiotic stresses. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt stress, the transcriptome data of U. prolifera at different salinities (30, 50, and 90 psu) were obtained by high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq platform, and photosynthetic physiological parameters were also measured. The results showed that a total of 89,626 unigenes were obtained after de novo assembly, of which 60,441 unigenes were annotated in the databases (NR, NT, KO, SWISS-PROT, PFAM, GO, and KOG). GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that the enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was mainly in cellular, cell, and binding processes. KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most frequently enriched pathways of DEGs included glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, peroxisome, and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, resistance-associated proteins, such as heat-shock proteins, microtubule-associated proteins, ubiquitin-associated proteins, abscisic-acid-signaling-pathway-associated proteins, and antioxidant-related proteins are upregulated under salt stress. Genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways are also upregulated, accompanied by an increase in photosynthetic oxygen release rates. These findings provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the response of U. prolifera to salinity change, thus providing a theoretical basis for the analysis of the green tide outbreak mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response of Algae to Environmental/Abiotic Stress)
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15 pages, 4409 KiB  
Article
A Preliminary Study on the Mechanisms of Growth and Physiological Changes in Response to Different Temperatures in Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta)
by Jiao Yin, Aiming Lu, Tuanjie Che, Lihong He and Songdong Shen
Water 2022, 14(14), 2175; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142175 - 9 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2722
Abstract
As an economically valuable red seaweed, Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) is cultivated in intertidal areas, and its growth and development are greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. Although much effort has been devoted to delineating the influence, the underlying cellular and molecular [...] Read more.
As an economically valuable red seaweed, Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) is cultivated in intertidal areas, and its growth and development are greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. Although much effort has been devoted to delineating the influence, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the gametophyte blades and protoplasts were cultured at different temperatures (13 °C, 17 °C, 21 °C, 25 °C). Only blades cultured at 13 °C maintained a normal growth state (the relative growth rate of thalli was positive, and the content of phycobiliprotein and pigments changed little); the survival and division rates of protoplasts were high at 13 °C, but greatly decreased with the increase in temperature, suggesting that 13 °C is suitable for the growth of N. yezoensis. In our efforts to delineate the underlying mechanism, a partial coding sequence (CDS) of Cyclin B and the complete CDS of cyclin-dependent-kinase B (CDKB) in N. yezoensis were cloned. Since Cyclin B controls G2/M phase transition by activating CDK and regulates the progression of cell division, we then analyzed how Cyclin B expression in the gametophyte blades might change with temperatures by qPCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of Cyclin B first increased and then decreased after transfer from 13 °C to higher temperatures, and the downregulation of Cyclin B was more obvious with the increase in temperature. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) decreased with the increase in temperature, suggesting inactivation of ERK at higher temperatures; inhibition of ERK by FR180204 significantly decreased the survival and division rates of protoplasts cultured at 13 °C. These results suggest that downregulation of Cyclin B and inactivation of ERK might be involved in negatively regulating the survival and division of protoplasts and the growth of gametophyte blades of N. yezoensis at high temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response of Algae to Environmental/Abiotic Stress)
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9 pages, 1757 KiB  
Communication
The Dynamic Behaviors of Photosynthesis during Non-Motile Cell Germination in Haematococcus pluvialis
by Qianqian Li, Bo Li and Junmin Li
Water 2022, 14(8), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081280 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2279
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis undergoes a three-phase process during the process of germination: first, repeated mitotic events; next, cytokinesis to form the zoospore; and finally, a fast release of motile cells. Physiological properties were measured using chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. The most obvious increase [...] Read more.
Haematococcus pluvialis undergoes a three-phase process during the process of germination: first, repeated mitotic events; next, cytokinesis to form the zoospore; and finally, a fast release of motile cells. Physiological properties were measured using chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. The most obvious increase in K-value and L-value appeared at 17 h, suggesting that oxygen-evolving complex damage and lower energetic connectivity of the photosystem II units of the mother non-motile cell occurred. Compared to phase I, the values of the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) and PIABS increased significantly in phases II and III, suggesting that photosynthetic photochemical activity was greatly up-regulated during cytokinesis to form zoospores and the fast release of motile cells. Moreover, the significant increase in the K-band at 17 h and 22 h indicates that the PSII donor side was the limiting factor during the initial period of germination. All these results suggest that the cellular photosynthetic activity continues to strengthen during cytokinesis to form the zoospore and the fast release of motile cells, and it was postulated to meet the demands for sporangium swelling and new organelle formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response of Algae to Environmental/Abiotic Stress)
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12 pages, 1216 KiB  
Article
Optimization Analysis to Evaluate the Relationships between Different Ion Concentrations and Prymnesium parvum Growth Rate
by Shuang-Yu Liu, Rui-Zhi Zhao, Xiao-Cong Qiu and Qi Guo
Water 2022, 14(6), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14060928 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2427
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum environmental condition required for reaching the maximum growth rate of P. parvum. Eight ions (Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimum environmental condition required for reaching the maximum growth rate of P. parvum. Eight ions (Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42−) were divided into two groups with a uniform design of 4 factors and 10 levels. The results showed a rising trend in growth rate with increasing ion concentrations. However, concentrations that exceeded the threshold led to a slowdown in the growth rate. Therefore, adequate supply of ion concentrations promoted growth of P. parvum, whereas excessively abundant or deficient ion concentrations inhibited its growth rate. Specifically, the order of impact of the first four ion factors on the growth rate was Na+ > HCO3− > K+ > CO32−. The growth rate of P. parvum reached the maximum theoretical 0.999 when the concentrations of Na+, K+, CO32−, and HCO3− ions were 397.98, 11.60, 3.37, and 33.31 mg/L, respectively. This theoretical growth maximum was inferred from the experimental results obtained in this study. For other ion factors, SO42− had the most influence on the growth rate of P. parvum, followed by Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− ions. The growth rate of P. parvum reached the maximum theoretical value of 0.945 when the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42− ions were 11.52, 32.95, 326.29, and 377.31 mg/L, respectively. The findings presented in this study add to our understanding of the growth conditions of P. parvum and provide a theoretical basis for dealing with the water bloom it produces in order to control and utilize it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Response of Algae to Environmental/Abiotic Stress)
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