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Application of Biotechnology in Water Treatment and Specific Treatments for Water Reuse

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2025 | Viewed by 3923

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sopheak Net

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Lille, Lille, France
Interests: organic micropollutants; environmental endocrine disruptor; analytical de-velopment; water treatment; advanced catalytic oxidation; adsorption; bio-technology; water reuse
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Baghdad Ouddane

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Lille, Lille, France
Interests: environmental chemistry; environmental impact assessment; exposure assessment; water chemistry; metal speciation; emerging contaminants; water treatment; bio-technology; adsorption; physico-chemical treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global changes, including pollution, climate change, population growth, and soil sealing associated with increasing water needs, are putting pressure on the availability of water resources. In this context, effective water cycle management is a necessity. Various biotechnology approaches have been used on a worldwide scale for water treatment. Biotechnology constitutes a key technology in the treatment of wastewater and gray water and in the treatment of rain water for better recharge groundwater. Biotechnology can be used either alone or in combination with other technology. It can also be used in the treatment of non-conventional water for direct and indirect reuse purposes.

However, even though biotechnologies have been used for decades, improvements and the development of new processes pose a challenge for better efficiency and/or to reduce the cost of treatment. This Special Issue covers both relevant topics: the application of biotechnology in water treatment (wastewater, agricultural effluent, rain water) and specific treatments for direct and indirect water reuse. Original research articles, reviews, and short communications are welcome.

Dr. Sopheak Net
Prof. Dr. Baghdad Ouddane
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biotechnology
  • water treatment
  • secondary treatment
  • organic micropollutant
  • metallic trace element
  • activated sludge
  • biological treatment, nature-based solutions
  • constructed wetlands and biofiltration systems

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3130 KiB  
Article
A Novel Halophilic Bacterium for Sustainable Pollution Control: From Pesticides to Industrial Effluents
by Nadia Mihoubi, Samira Ferhat, Mohamed Nedjhioui, Billal Zenati, Sabrina Lekmine, Reguia Boudraa, Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Jie Zhang, Abdeltif Amrane and Hichem Tahraoui
Water 2025, 17(6), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060888 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 374
Abstract
This study investigates the bioremediation potential of Marinobacter-hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644, a strain that has been isolated from petroleum-contaminated environments, for the degradation of the herbicide metribuzin and the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent. The strain’s bacterial growth and degradation capacity were assessed under varying conditions, [...] Read more.
This study investigates the bioremediation potential of Marinobacter-hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644, a strain that has been isolated from petroleum-contaminated environments, for the degradation of the herbicide metribuzin and the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent. The strain’s bacterial growth and degradation capacity were assessed under varying conditions, including different metribuzin concentrations, pH values, temperatures, and inoculum sizes. The strain demonstrated optimal growth at a metribuzin concentration of 20 mg/L, with an optical density (OD600) of 0.408 after 96 h. At this concentration, 80% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced over 144 h. The optimal growth conditions for M. hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644 were identified as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 30 °C, where the enzymatic activity and degradation efficiency were maximized. Additionally, the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent showed significant reductions in organic pollution, with the COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) decreasing by 80% (from 1900 mg/L to 384 mg/L) and 81% (from 1700 mg/L to 320 mg/L), respectively, within seven days. The strain also facilitated ammonium removal and promoted nitrification, indicating its suitability for treating high-organic-load wastewater. Notably, the visual transformation of the effluent, from a dark red color to a clear state, further highlighted the efficiency of the treatment process. This research highlights the adaptability of M. hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644 to a wide range of environmental conditions and its efficiency in biodegrading metribuzin and treating complex wastewater. The findings demonstrate the strain’s potential as a sustainable solution for mitigating organic pollution in agricultural runoff, pesticide-contaminated water, and industrial effluents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biotechnology in Water Treatment and Specific Treatments for Water Reuse)
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21 pages, 2376 KiB  
Article
Ground-Based Green Façade for Enhanced Greywater Treatment and Sustainable Water Management
by Nisreen Obeidat, Ahmad Abu Awwad, Ahmed Al-Salaymeh, Riccardo Bresciani, Fabio Masi, Anacleto Rizzo, Jomanah AlBtoosh and Mutaz M. Zoubi
Water 2025, 17(3), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030346 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1199
Abstract
Urban areas face challenges with water scarcity, and the use of non-conventional water resources for uses not requiring potable quality is being promoted more and more by governments and international agencies. However, non-conventional water resources, such as rainwater and greywater, need to be [...] Read more.
Urban areas face challenges with water scarcity, and the use of non-conventional water resources for uses not requiring potable quality is being promoted more and more by governments and international agencies. However, non-conventional water resources, such as rainwater and greywater, need to be treated before use to avoid health risks and possible nuisance (smell, bacteria and algae proliferation in storage tanks, etc.). This study is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a system reusing treated greywater for toilet flushing, relying on a nature-based treatment technology—ground-based green façades—with limited maintenance requirements which is therefore easily replicable for decentralized treatment systems, like those of greywater reuse at building scales. The demonstrative system has been installed at the University of Jordan’s Al-Zahra dormitory in Amman and uses a degreaser as the primary treatment followed by ground-based green façade technology as a secondary treatment mechanism. The effluent is stored in an underground tank and directed to a tertiary treatment mechanism with UV lamps to remove pathogens before being reused for lawn irrigation and toilet flushing. Samples from influent and effluent were analyzed for various physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. The degreaser significantly reduced turbidity, TSS, total BOD5, and total COD levels in greywater. When combined with the green wall façades, the system demonstrated high removal efficiencies, particularly for turbidity, TSS, total COD, and total BOD5. The treated effluent met irrigation reuse standards for all the parameters, including total coliform and E. coli concentrations. The UV disinfection unit proved to be an effective post-treatment step, ensuring that water quality standards for reuse were met. The system’s overall performance highlights its ability to manage low- to medium-strength greywater. Results suggest the applied green wall system has significant potential for wider adoption in urban settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biotechnology in Water Treatment and Specific Treatments for Water Reuse)
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12 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Adaptation Mechanisms of Algal-Bacterial Granular Sludge Treatment for Phenolic Wastewater
by Aoxue Yu, Rui Ouyang, Shulian Wang, Bin Ji and Lu Cai
Water 2025, 17(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010127 - 5 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1575
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of phenolic compounds in effluents poses a risk to aquatic organisms and human health. This study investigates the responses of the emerging algal-bacterial granular sludge process in treating phenolic wastewater. The results showed that phenol at 1, 10, and 100 [...] Read more.
The ubiquitous presence of phenolic compounds in effluents poses a risk to aquatic organisms and human health. This study investigates the responses of the emerging algal-bacterial granular sludge process in treating phenolic wastewater. The results showed that phenol at 1, 10, and 100 mg/L had little effect on ammonia-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and phosphate-P removal. At the highest phenol concentration of 100 mg/L, the average removal rates of ammonia-N, COD, and phosphate-P were 94.8%, 72.9%, and 83.7%, respectively. The presence of phenol led to a decline in chlorophyll content of the algal-bacterial granular sludge, concurrently resulting in an increase in the abundance of microbial diversity. Algal-bacterial granular sludge exhibited mechanisms such as elevated extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) production, which may aid in coping with oxidative stress from phenols. This research underscores the algal-bacterial granular sludge’s potential for treating phenolic wastewater, thereby advancing knowledge in the field of phenol degradation with this innovative technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biotechnology in Water Treatment and Specific Treatments for Water Reuse)
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