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Monsoon Environmental Changes and Fluvial Sedimentation Processes

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2026) | Viewed by 1044

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Guest Editor
School of Geographical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
Interests: paleo-climate; environment change; desert evolution; geomorphology; Late Qua-ternary
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The influence of the monsoon on precipitation and its consequences has drawn much attention. During the monsoon season, a large amount of water vapor is transported from the ocean to the land, forming precipitation in the monsoon region and its periphery, which leads to surface runoff and sedimentation. This has a significant impact on terrestrial hydrology and the ecological environment. Particularly in the semi-arid and even arid regions of the world, monsoon precipitation plays a crucial role in shaping surface processes and supporting the recovery of fragile ecosystems. This Special Issue aims to collect the latest research on the water cycle in regions affected by the monsoon environment and its response to climate change. It focuses on the hydrological changes under the monsoon climate during modern and historical periods, as well as since the late Quaternary, and their impacts on arid and semi-arid environments. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to

  • The impact of modern monsoon climate change on surface runoff and the ecological environment in arid and semi-arid regions;
  • The historical changes in water systems in regions/basins affected by the Asian monsoon;
  • The influence of winter and summer monsoon changes during the late Quaternary period on the formation and evolution of deserts and sandy lands;
  • Paleo-soils and sedimentary facies in arid and semi-arid regions/basins as indicators of monsoon climates and hydrological changes.

Prof. Dr. Baosheng Li
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • arid and semi-arid regions
  • monsoon climate
  • surface water processes
  • sedimentary facies
  • ecological and environmental changes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 14987 KB  
Article
The Characteristics and Mechanism of the Inter-Centennial Variations in Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation
by Guangxun Shi, Shushuang Liu and Mingli Zhang
Water 2026, 18(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010017 - 20 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 674
Abstract
Both the CESM-simulated NNU-2K dataset and proxy reconstructions of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation over the past two millennia reveal a significant centennial-scale period, including periodicities of 105, 150, and 200 years. The 105- and 200-year cycles identified in the NNU-2K all-forcing (AF) [...] Read more.
Both the CESM-simulated NNU-2K dataset and proxy reconstructions of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation over the past two millennia reveal a significant centennial-scale period, including periodicities of 105, 150, and 200 years. The 105- and 200-year cycles identified in the NNU-2K all-forcing (AF) experiment closely match those found in the volcanic single-forcing (Vol) experiment, suggesting that volcanic activity is a major driver of these variations. Volcanic forcing induces global cooling, which reduces the land–sea thermal contrast and weakens the monsoon circulation. Furthermore, stronger cooling in the Northern Hemisphere decreases the interhemispheric temperature gradient and weakens the trans-equatorial pressure gradient. This, in turn, suppresses cross-equatorial low-level flow from the Southern Hemisphere, further reducing ISM precipitation. The 105- and 150-year periodicities are also consistent with those in the total solar irradiance (TSI) single-forcing experiment, indicating a substantial response to solar variability. Increased solar irradiance enhances Northern Hemisphere warming, strengthening both the interhemispheric temperature gradient and the cross-equatorial pressure gradient. These changes facilitate stronger northward cross-equatorial flow in the lower troposphere, intensifying the ISM and increasing precipitation. Concurrently, solar forcing amplifies the thermal contrast between the Eurasian continent and the Indian Ocean, further reinforcing monsoon circulation. The 150-year cycle is also evident in the control (Ctrl) experiment, implicating internal climate variability as an additional mechanism. Analysis reveals a quasi-decadal Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)-like sea surface temperature anomaly in the North Pacific. Its negative phase is linked to reduced sea-level pressure over the ISM region, enhanced low-level convergence, and increased precipitation. It also strengthens the Mascarene High over the Indian Ocean, intensifying the Somali Jet and southwesterly monsoon winds, which promote greater moisture transport into the ISM domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monsoon Environmental Changes and Fluvial Sedimentation Processes)
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