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New Technologies to Ensure Safe Drinking Water
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New Technologies to Ensure Safe Drinking Water

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 2467

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yizhen Cheng

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Guest Editor
College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
Interests: advanced oxidation processes; water treatment; water chemistry; water purification; surface functionalization
Dr. Bin Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
Interests: low-pressure driven membrane; coagulation; fouling behavior; catalysis membrane
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pengwei Yan

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Guest Editor
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: catalytic ozonation; biochar; drinking water treatment; disinfection; water reuse
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current Special Issue will focus on drinking water treatment, covering the research and development of new water-quality detection technologies, pretreatment technologies, enhanced coagulation technologies, and efficient disinfection methods for the entire process. By ensuring comprehensive oversight and guarantees throughout the entire process, the quality of drinking water can be improved. We welcome researchers to offer new insights into detection technologies, material research, process coupling, and theoretical simulation. We are confident that, based on the research shared in this Special Issue, new thoughts will promote the development of drinking water purification technology. We sincerely look forward to your participation.

Dr. Yizhen Cheng
Dr. Bin Liu
Dr. Pengwei Yan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water treatment
  • oxidation technology
  • coagulation
  • fouling behavior
  • environmental microbiology technology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4429 KB  
Article
Maximizing Reducing Potential of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) in Drinking Water
by Vasiliki Efstathiou, Georgios Savvantidis, Christina Virgiliou, Evgenios Kokkinos, Lluis Balcells and Konstantinos Simeonidis
Water 2026, 18(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020260 - 19 Jan 2026
Viewed by 464
Abstract
The dimensions and the reduction capacity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles are considered to be the key parameters in achieving the successful, efficient removal of hexavalent chromium, aiming for drinking water purification. This research study focuses on the optimization of reaction parameters [...] Read more.
The dimensions and the reduction capacity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles are considered to be the key parameters in achieving the successful, efficient removal of hexavalent chromium, aiming for drinking water purification. This research study focuses on the optimization of reaction parameters during the oxidative precipitation of FeSO4 carried out in a microwave-heated plug-flow reactor, to realize the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an increased reduction potential as reflected in the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio by approximating the ideal value of 0.5. In particular, the coupling of synthesis with features that allow for control of the oxidation extent, and include the addition of a reducing agent, an increase in ageing temperature, and inhibition of aggregation, were tested as potential approaches to tune the reducing potential and overcome reported Cr(VI) capture efficiencies provided by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The evaluation results showed that adding a reductant after nanoparticle formation inhibits spontaneoussurface oxidation, bringing an improvement in the Cr(VI) uptake capacity for a residual concentration equal to the new EU regulation limit, by around 40%, reaching a value of 2.15 mg/g. However, working at an ageing temperature of around 100 °C resulted in an even better performance with an uptake increase of 120% and a capacity value of 3.45 mg/g. Finally, adding nanoparticles in the form of a dispersion instead of a dried powder provides an extra 10% improvement as a consequence of limited aggregation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies to Ensure Safe Drinking Water)
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24 pages, 1829 KB  
Article
Integrating Multi-Index and Health Risk Assessment to Evaluate Drinking Water Quality in Central Romania
by Maria-Alexandra Resz, Olimpiu Blăjan, Dorina Călugăru, Augustin Crucean, Eniko Kovacs and Cecilia Roman
Water 2026, 18(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010023 - 21 Dec 2025
Viewed by 745
Abstract
Chemical contaminants in drinking water represent a widespread threat to human health, making water quality monitoring an essential mitigation measure. This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water by conducting comprehensive multi-year seasonal monitoring at seven distribution points in central Romania, [...] Read more.
Chemical contaminants in drinking water represent a widespread threat to human health, making water quality monitoring an essential mitigation measure. This study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water by conducting comprehensive multi-year seasonal monitoring at seven distribution points in central Romania, determining the spatial and temporal trends of relevant physical parameters (pH and electrical conductivity) and chemical contaminants (NO2, NO3, NH4, Cl, and SO4). The pollution degree was evaluated using the pollution index and the overall pollution assessment index. The principal component analysis attributed over 60% of water quality variance to NO2, NO3, and NH4 pollution, linked to incomplete nitrification or external loading, such as agricultural practices. Additionally, a human health risk assessment was performed according to U.S. EPA guidelines, calculating the chronic daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index for nitrogen compounds via oral and dermal exposure pathways for both adults and children. The results showed significant seasonal fluctuations in nitrogen compounds and electrical conductivity. The pollution indices classified the water bodies across a spectrum from “light” to “significant” pollution degrees. The health risk assessment revealed that NO3 was the primary risk driver, with hazard index values exceeding the threshold of one in specific locations and seasons, indicating potential adverse health effects, particularly for children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies to Ensure Safe Drinking Water)
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Review

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28 pages, 457 KB  
Review
Heavy Metals Burden in Drinking Water: Global Patterns, Sources, and Public Health Implications
by Joshua O. Olowoyo, Olasunkanmi O. Olaiya, Omuferen-Oke L. Oharisi, Johnson A. Olusola, Unathi A. Tshoni and Oluwaseun M. Oladeji
Water 2026, 18(8), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18080886 - 8 Apr 2026
Viewed by 862
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in drinking water remains a pervasive global challenge with significant consequences for environmental quality and human health. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies examining heavy metal concentrations in different sources of drinking water, including municipal tap water, groundwater, surface [...] Read more.
Heavy metal contamination in drinking water remains a pervasive global challenge with significant consequences for environmental quality and human health. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies examining heavy metal concentrations in different sources of drinking water, including municipal tap water, groundwater, surface water, and bottled/sachet water across various geographical regions. The study used a systematic review of studies published from 2015 to 2024. The result showed a variation in the concentrations of heavy metals from all the sources, with tap water generally exhibiting lower heavy metal levels. Pb, Fe, Mn, and other metals persist in different sources and from many regions with levels above the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in some instances, which were sometimes linked to aging distribution systems and other pollution sources. Bottled and sachet water, commonly regarded as safer alternatives, also showed some levels of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, and Cr, reflecting inconsistent packaging or production oversight. Surface waters display variability with heavy metals pollution, driven by industrial discharge, mining activities, agricultural runoff, and urban wastewater inputs. Groundwater sources, although naturally shielded, frequently contained elevated concentrations of As, Hg, and Ni due to both geological and anthropogenic factors. Pb concentrations were below detection limit in some of the published papers; however, the values reported in this study ranged from ND to 260.0 µg/L (tap water), ND to 0.259 mg/L (surface water), ND to 0.791 mg/L (groundwater), and ND to 123.15 µg/L (bottled water). Arsenic (As) concentrations ranged from ND to 692 µg/L from different sources, with the highest concentration from groundwater. Collectively, these patterns underscore the need for strengthened monitoring frameworks, improved water treatment technologies, and integrated pollution-prevention strategies. Addressing heavy metal contamination in drinking water requires coordinated policy approach and continuous monitoring to reduce human exposure and safeguard global public health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies to Ensure Safe Drinking Water)
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