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Applications of Stable Isotopes in Understanding Hydrological and Hydrochemical Processes

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2026) | Viewed by 1858

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
Interests: ecohydrology; isotope hydrology; urban hydrology; water resources; water environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Interests: isotope hydrology; ecohydrology; water resources; water environment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stable isotopes of elements like hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing water cycle dynamics, solute transport, and biogeochemical interactions. Researchers can unravel complex processes, such as source identification, flow pathways, mixing processes, and evaporation, as powerful tracers under varying natural and anthropogenic influences. We welcome contributions demonstrating innovative uses of stable isotopes in hydrochemical and hydrological studies spanning diverse ecosystems, spatial scales, and climates. This Special Issue aims to showcase advancements in isotopic techniques and their integration with hydrochemical modeling, offering novel perspectives to address emerging challenges in water resource management and ecosystem sustainability. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: (1) Isotopic tracing of water sources, mixing, and flow pathways; (2) biogeochemical processes in surface and groundwater systems; (3) impact of land use and climate change on isotopic signals; (4) application of dual-isotope systems in hydrochemistry; (5) advances in isotopic analysis techniques and modeling; and (6) interdisciplinary studies integrating isotopic and hydrochemical datasets.

Researchers are invited to submit original research articles, reviews, and case studies that align with the theme of this Special Issue.

Dr. Chengcheng Xia
Dr. Ke Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • stable isotopes
  • isotopic fractionation
  • isotope tracing
  • hydrochemistry
  • aquatic systems
  • water resources
  • water quality
  • evapotranspiration
  • environmental management

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5522 KB  
Article
A Study on the Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope Characteristics of Water in Small Watersheds on the Southern Slope of the Qilian Mountains
by Qixin He, Guangchao Cao, Guangzhao Han, Meiliang Zhao, Jiaqi Bai and Wenqian Ye
Water 2026, 18(3), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18030423 - 5 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 582
Abstract
This study, based on stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope observations of multiple water bodies (precipitation, river water, soil water, and groundwater) in the Ami Dongsou alpine arid watershed on the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains during 2023–2024, reveals significant seasonal fluctuations in [...] Read more.
This study, based on stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope observations of multiple water bodies (precipitation, river water, soil water, and groundwater) in the Ami Dongsou alpine arid watershed on the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains during 2023–2024, reveals significant seasonal fluctuations in water isotope characteristics and water source renewal mechanisms. The results show that precipitation and soil water exhibit notable enrichment during the dry season, primarily due to enhanced evaporation causing light isotopes to evaporate and heavy isotopes to accumulate. River water, influenced by both precipitation recharge and evaporation, shows smaller seasonal fluctuations. Groundwater isotopes remain stable, reflecting a slower water source renewal process with minimal seasonal influence. Through quantitative comparisons of the evaporation line’s slope and intercept, this study finds that precipitation is most significantly affected by evaporation, while groundwater is least influenced, showing more stable isotope characteristics. Climate and topography in high-altitude areas significantly regulate water isotope characteristics, especially during the dry season, where evaporation plays a dominant role in the enrichment of precipitation and river water isotopes. This study innovatively establishes an evidence framework for the linkage of multiple water body isotopes, revealing the “seasonal strong fluctuations + differential water body responses + high-altitude regulation” mechanism of water isotopes in alpine arid regions. It provides new data support for water resource management, particularly in aspects such as water source allocation during the dry season, groundwater protection, and evaporation enrichment effect prediction. Future research could expand the sample size and integrate multi-source data and hydrological models to further improve the accuracy of hydrological process predictions, offering more precise support for watershed water resource management and ecological protection. Full article
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24 pages, 4235 KB  
Article
Stable Isotope Analysis of Precipitation—Karst Groundwater System (Mt. Učka, Croatia)
by Diana Mance, Maja Radišić, Maja Oštrić, Davor Mance, Alenka Turković-Juričić, Ema Toplonjak and Josip Rubinić
Water 2026, 18(3), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18030308 - 25 Jan 2026
Viewed by 706
Abstract
Karst aquifers provide critical water resources in the Mediterranean region, yet climate change threatens their sustainability. This study integrates stable isotope analysis (δ2H, δ18O), hydrochemistry, and hydrological time series to characterize precipitation–groundwater dynamics in the Mt. Učka karst system [...] Read more.
Karst aquifers provide critical water resources in the Mediterranean region, yet climate change threatens their sustainability. This study integrates stable isotope analysis (δ2H, δ18O), hydrochemistry, and hydrological time series to characterize precipitation–groundwater dynamics in the Mt. Učka karst system (Croatia). Precipitation samples collected across an altitudinal gradient of approximately 1400 m and groundwater from three major groundwater sources were analyzed over a 2.5-year period. Precipitation exhibits pronounced isotopic variability with d-excess values indicating mixed Atlantic–Mediterranean moisture sources. Groundwater is primarily recharged by precipitation from the cold part of the hydrological year. It exhibits substantial attenuation of isotopic signals, which indicates extensive mixing processes but prevents quantitative estimation of mean residence time. Groundwater is predominantly recharged from elevations above 900 m a.s.l., with one spring showing evidence of higher-elevation recharge. Analysis confirms the system’s dual porosity: a rapid, conduit-dominated response indicates high vulnerability to surface contamination, while a sustained, matrix-dominated response provides greater buffering capacity. These findings highlight the vulnerability of karst systems to projected reductions in autumn precipitation, the critical recharge season, and demonstrate the necessity of multi-tracer approaches for comprehensive aquifer characterization. Full article
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