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Hydraulic Engineering and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flows
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Hydraulic Engineering and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flows

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2024) | Viewed by 6355

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ali Zidane

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Reservoir Engineering Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Interests: water
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in the interconnected fields of hydraulic engineering and numerical simulation of two-phase flows. It welcomes original research papers and comprehensive reviews that address the complex interactions between fluids and solids in various hydraulic engineering applications.

The overall focus lies on the synergy between theoretical modeling and practical applications. We encourage submissions that utilize numerical simulation techniques to analyze, predict, and optimize two-phase flow behavior in hydraulic systems.

The scope encompasses a broad range of topics, including but not limited to the following:

  • Modeling of multiphase flow phenomena in hydraulic machinery (pumps and turbines);
  • Simulation of fluid-structure interaction in hydraulic structures (dams and spillways);
  • Numerical analysis of cavitation and erosion in two-phase flows;
  • Development and validation of novel computational approaches for two-phase flow problems;
  • Application of numerical simulations for design optimization in hydraulic engineering.

This Special Issue seeks to position itself at the forefront of knowledge by promoting the integration of cutting-edge numerical simulation methods with real-world hydraulic engineering challenges. By fostering this dialogue, we aim to bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and practical applications, ultimately leading to more efficient and sustainable hydraulic systems.

Dr. Ali Zidane
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiphase flow and transport
  • compositional modeling
  • higher-order numerical methods
  • mixed finite element methods
  • hydraulic engineering

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4372 KiB  
Article
Impact of CO2 Viscosity and Capillary Pressure on Water Production in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Media
by Ali Zidane
Water 2024, 16(24), 3566; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243566 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 737
Abstract
This study explores the numerical modeling of CO2 injection in water within a lab-scale domain, where the dimensions are in the order of centimeters, highlighting its diverse applications and significant environmental and economic benefits. The investigation focuses on the impacts of heterogeneity, [...] Read more.
This study explores the numerical modeling of CO2 injection in water within a lab-scale domain, where the dimensions are in the order of centimeters, highlighting its diverse applications and significant environmental and economic benefits. The investigation focuses on the impacts of heterogeneity, capillary pressure, and CO2 viscosification on water production. Findings reveal that increasing CO2 viscosity by a factor of 5 drastically influences water production, while further increasing it to a factor of 10 yields minimal additional effect. Capillary pressure notably delays breakthrough and reduces sweeping efficiency (effectiveness of the injected CO2 in displacing water), with a more pronounced impact in slim cores (1 cm) compared to thick cores (3.8 cm). The numerical modeling of CO2 injection in water within a lab-scale domain provides valuable insights into enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. These optimized strategies can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of CO2-EOR, leading to increased oil and gas recovery from reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flows)
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12 pages, 2707 KiB  
Article
A New Type of Pre-Aeration Stepped Spillway
by Yu Zhou, Fangyong Xin, Ke Xu, Jiakai Mei, Siwei Jia, Haodong Qiu and Yuanyuan Wang
Water 2024, 16(22), 3213; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223213 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1046
Abstract
Aiming to increase energy dissipation and prevent the cavitation potential of a traditional stepped spillway (TSS) at large unit discharges, a kind of pre-aeration stepped spillway, called a hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway (HJSS), is introduced in this paper. Unlike a TSS, a basin added upstream [...] Read more.
Aiming to increase energy dissipation and prevent the cavitation potential of a traditional stepped spillway (TSS) at large unit discharges, a kind of pre-aeration stepped spillway, called a hydraulic-jump-stepped spillway (HJSS), is introduced in this paper. Unlike a TSS, a basin added upstream of the stepped chute in the HJSS plays a vital role in the hydraulic performance owing to the formation of a hydraulic jump in the basin. This paper presents experimental research on the hydraulic performance of the HJSS in comparison to a TSS with the same chute slope (θ = 39.3°) for a wide range of unit discharges, including the flow pattern, energy dissipation, pre-aeration effect, and maximum splash height. The results showed that the HJSS corresponded to a large energy dissipation rate, the air was effectively entrained at the inlet of the stepped chute, and there was an observation of splash formation in the foregoing and downstream steps. Under large unit discharges, the HJSS maintained an energy dissipation rate exceeding 80%. Additionally, at the inlet, the air concentrations reached 4.5% on the bottom and 11.2% on the sidewall. The findings of this research could be used as a general guideline for stepped spillway design with large unit discharges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flows)
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23 pages, 7508 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics and Energy Dissipation on Flat and Pooled Stepped Spillways
by Umar Farooq, Shicheng Li and James Yang
Water 2024, 16(18), 2600; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182600 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
The hydraulic performance of pooled stepped spillways has received less recognition compared to the traditional stepped spillways. Regarding the effectiveness of pooled stepped spillways in managing flow dynamics, previous studies have focused on investigating how different step configurations and varying chute angles can [...] Read more.
The hydraulic performance of pooled stepped spillways has received less recognition compared to the traditional stepped spillways. Regarding the effectiveness of pooled stepped spillways in managing flow dynamics, previous studies have focused on investigating how different step configurations and varying chute angles can enhance energy dissipation in gravity flow over the chute. However, the potential for optimal performance and the importance of proper design have not been thoroughly explored in the existing literature. This study aims to explore new configurations of pooled stepped spillways and compare them to traditional stepped spillway designs to enhance hydraulic efficiency and maximize energy dissipation. The study examines two types of configurations of stepped spillways—two flat and two pooled configurations, each with ten steps. Using the computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique, such as Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) and the realizable k-ε turbulence model for two-phase flow analysis with a 26.6° chute slope. Initially, the model was validated with experimental data by comparing various hydraulic parameters. These parameters include water depth, roller length, jump length, ratio of critical depth, and sequent depth. The hydraulic performance of both stepped geometric configurations was evaluated through numerical simulations to examine how the geometries of flat and pooled stepped spillways influence flow characteristics, energy dissipation, velocity, pressure distribution, and the Froude number at the downstream. The study analyzed downstream flow characteristics, maximum energy dissipation rates, depth-averaged velocity, static pressure, and pressure contours at the lateral direction under six different flow rates in flat and pooled stepped spillways. The findings indicate that flat-step configurations exhibit lower energy dissipation compared to pooled configurations. The relative energy loss of flow on pooled steps dissipates more energy than on flat steps. Furthermore, it is observed that the pooled configurations performed better for energy dissipation and flow stability compared to the flat configurations. The energy dissipation increased in pooled stepped spillways by 34.68% and 25.81%, respectively. Additionally, the depth-averaged flow velocity and pressure distribution decreased in case 2 and case 4 compared to the flat-step configurations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flows)
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15 pages, 6318 KiB  
Article
An Assessment of the Embedding of Francis Turbines for Pumped Hydraulic Energy Storage
by Georgi Todorov, Ivan Kralov, Konstantin Kamberov, Evtim Zahariev, Yavor Sofronov and Blagovest Zlatev
Water 2024, 16(16), 2252; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162252 - 9 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2230
Abstract
In this paper, analyses of Francis turbine failures for powerful Pumped Hydraulic Energy Storage (PHES) are conducted. The structure is part of PHES Chaira, Bulgaria (HA4—Hydro-Aggregate 4). The aim of the study is to assess the structure-to-concrete embedding to determine the possible causes [...] Read more.
In this paper, analyses of Francis turbine failures for powerful Pumped Hydraulic Energy Storage (PHES) are conducted. The structure is part of PHES Chaira, Bulgaria (HA4—Hydro-Aggregate 4). The aim of the study is to assess the structure-to-concrete embedding to determine the possible causes of damage and destruction of the HA4 Francis spiral casing units. The embedding methods that have been applied in practice for decades are discussed and compared to those used for HA4. A virtual prototype is built based on the finite-element method to clarify the influence of workloads under the generator mode. The stages of the simulation include structural analysis of the spiral casing and concrete under load in generator mode, as well as structural analysis of the spiral casing under loads in generator mode without concrete. Both simulations are of major importance. Since the failure of the surface between the turbine, the spiral casing, and the concrete is observed, the effect of the growing contact gap (no contact) is analyzed. The stresses, strains, and displacements of the turbine units are simulated, followed by an analysis for reliability. The conclusions reveal the possible reasons for cracks and destruction in the main elements of the structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flows)
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