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Rivers, Estuaries, and Coastal Zones: Sediment Transport and Morphodynamical Models: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Erosion and Sediment Transport".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2026) | Viewed by 2342

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Leszek M. Kaczmarek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
Interests: rivers, estuaries and coastal zones; hydrodynamics; sediment transport; morphodynamics; coastal engineering; granular materials in soil mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Magdalena Pietrzak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
Interests: soil liquefaction; sediment transport; subsoil; sediment dynamics; flow channel; hydrology; soil mechanics; soil science; earth sciences and engineering geology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The overall focus of this Special Issue is on sediment transport and the bottom changes this induces in rivers, estuaries and coastal zones, seeking to foster discussion on sediment transport mechanisms and morphodynamical changes stemming from various hydrodynamical inputs, including, but not limited to, wave motion and steady flow. We aim to foster discussion of an extensive range of grain mobility conditions, from incipient motion to a fully mobilised bed, and we particularly encourage submissions that focus on bedload, contact load, and suspended load close to the bottoms of watercourses. Special attention is also given to fine sediment transport, especially processes such as flocculation, which remain in need of further research. This Special Issue is dedicated to comparative approaches to the study of sediment transport and morphodynamical change modelling and experiments in rivers, estuaries, and coastal zones.

Studies that enhance our understanding of how different hydrodynamical inputs influence sediment transport mechanisms and morphodynamic alterations across diverse landscapes are welcome. Additionally, we invite contributions that employ new technologies and innovative methodologies for monitoring sediment transport and those that investigate the impacts of global changes on sediment transport in rivers, estuaries, and coastal zones. This Special Issue aims to provide robust insights and guidelines for decision-makers, based on comprehensive analyses of sediment transport mechanisms and their implications for morphodynamic changes in aquatic environments.

Prof. Dr. Leszek M. Kaczmarek
Guest Editor

Dr. Magdalena Pietrzak
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • granular transport
  • sediment mixtures
  • morphodynamics
  • rivers
  • estuaries
  • coastal zones
  • bedload
  • contact load
  • suspended load
  • fine sediment transport
  • flocculation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4008 KB  
Article
Estimation of the Mean-to-Surface-Velocity Ratio in Shallow Streams with Rough Beds
by Katerina Mazi, Evangelos Akylas and Antonis D. Koussis
Water 2026, 18(8), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18080985 - 21 Apr 2026
Viewed by 406
Abstract
Estimating in a stream’s cross-section the depth-averaged velocity, V, from the free-surface velocity, vsurf, is an efficient, non-invasive hydrometric method. The ratio fv = V/vsurf is typically assumed constant at fv = 0.86 in field [...] Read more.
Estimating in a stream’s cross-section the depth-averaged velocity, V, from the free-surface velocity, vsurf, is an efficient, non-invasive hydrometric method. The ratio fv = V/vsurf is typically assumed constant at fv = 0.86 in field applications, despite observations to the contrary. Guidance is, therefore, needed in estimating actual fv-ratios when velocity profile data are absent. This work provides field-verified guidance based on the hydromechanics of the logarithmic velocity law, which shows that fv depends on the scaled resistance measure ‘friction length/depth’, yo/h, with the yo(k) function of the equivalent sand grain roughness, k. The mean-to-surface-velocity ratio in rough-bed streams is estimated from the bed roughness and stream morphology by modifying Nikuradze’s equation, yo = k/30, to yo = ck, with c(h/k) ≥ 1/30, and k ≈ D84—data fit: c ≈ 8.61(h/k)−1.821, ~5 ≤ h/k < ~30. Field-verification of the ratio’s modified hydromechanics, fv = fh/yo, with yo(h/k) evaluated from bed roughness estimated by inspection or sieve analysis shows this ratio holding within ~|10|% error for shallow streamflow over a coarse bed of gravels and rocks, giving submergences of ~5 ≤ h/D84 ≤ ~30; yo = k/30 suits large streams with smooth beds (h/k ≥ ~30, fv ≥ ~0.86). Variable roughness-estimated fv-ratios appear to be more reliable than the fixed default, fv(h/yo ≈ 1000) = 0.86. This flow-gauging concept is based on observable physical characteristics of a monitoring cross-section and facilitates the rating of hard-to-access streams draining small basins in ragged upland terrain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rivers, Estuaries, and Coastal Zones: Sediment Transport and Morphodynamical Models: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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15 pages, 2856 KB  
Review
Insights in Processes and Modelling of the Morphological Evolution of the Lower Rhine
by Erik Mosselman and Kees Sloff
Water 2026, 18(3), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18030407 - 4 Feb 2026
Viewed by 751
Abstract
Human interferences have set off a multitude of morphological responses of the lower Rhine in Germany and the Netherlands. We share insights from thirty years of studies on these responses in the Niederrhein below Xanten and the branches in the delta. Elementary analyses [...] Read more.
Human interferences have set off a multitude of morphological responses of the lower Rhine in Germany and the Netherlands. We share insights from thirty years of studies on these responses in the Niederrhein below Xanten and the branches in the delta. Elementary analyses of the 1D Saint-Venant–Exner equations explain the downstream flattening and upstream steepening of the longitudinal bed profile due to retrogressive erosion in response to river training, bend cut-offs and sediment mining. Three reasons make a 2D approach necessary for modelling the seemingly 1D problem of large-scale morphological response: (i) transverse variations in bed sediment composition, (ii) sediment division at river bifurcations, and (iii) the possibility that non-erodible layers in bends cause either erosion or sedimentation of the longitudinal bed profile. The Pannerdense Kop and IJsselkop bifurcations are in a state of quasi-equilibrium, essentially unstable but developing slowly. Considerable spatiotemporal variations in the sediment composition of the riverbed surface pose a challenge to stabilizing the longitudinal bed profile by matching gradients in flow velocity to gradients in bed sediment composition. As these variations form a major knowledge gap, we recommend research on the state and dynamics of sediment size and layer structure in the upper metres of the riverbed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rivers, Estuaries, and Coastal Zones: Sediment Transport and Morphodynamical Models: 2nd Edition)
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34 pages, 3575 KB  
Review
Review of Sediment Modeling Tools Used During Removal of the Elwha River Dams
by Chris Bromley, Timothy J. Randle, Jennifer A. Bountry and Colin R. Thorne
Water 2026, 18(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020199 - 12 Jan 2026
Viewed by 778
Abstract
The rapid mobilization of sediment stored behind dams, in amounts that are large relative to mean annual sediment loads, can jumpstart river restoration but can also adversely impact habitat, infrastructure, land, and water use upstream of, within, and downstream of the former impoundment. [...] Read more.
The rapid mobilization of sediment stored behind dams, in amounts that are large relative to mean annual sediment loads, can jumpstart river restoration but can also adversely impact habitat, infrastructure, land, and water use upstream of, within, and downstream of the former impoundment. A wide range of geomorphic and engineering assessment tools were applied to help manage sediment-related risks associated with the removal of two dams from the Elwha River in Washington State and the release of roughly 21 million m3 of sediment. Each of these tools had its strengths and weaknesses, which are explored here. The processes of sediment erosion, transport and deposition were complex. No one model was able to fully simulate all these with the accuracy necessary for predicting the magnitude and timing of coarse and fine sediment release from the reservoir. Collectively, however, the model outputs provided enough information to guide the adaptive sediment management process during dam removal. When the complexity of the morphodynamic responses to dam removal and the associated risks exceeded the capacity of any one tool to adequately assess, synoptic forecasting proved useful. The lessons learned on the Elwha have provided insights into how to use a variety of modeling techniques to address sediment management issues as dam removal scale, complexity and risk increase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rivers, Estuaries, and Coastal Zones: Sediment Transport and Morphodynamical Models: 2nd Edition)
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