Special Issue "Pestivirus 2023"

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 December 2023 | Viewed by 1574

Special Issue Editors

Justus-Liebig University, Veterinary Medicine, Giessen, Germany
Interests: viral-related diseases of livestock and insects
Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Interests: pestiviruses; arteriviruses; persistent infections; cellular receptors
Prof. Dr. Christiane M. Riedel
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
Interests: pestiviruses; rhabdoviruses; Cryo EM; structural virology; virus entry, cellular receptors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traditional pestiviruses, such as the classical swine fever virus or the bovine viral diarrhea virus, are known agents of economically important animal diseases. However, recent research has led to the identification of many different related viruses that also infect previously unknown host species, such as cetaceans, rodents, or pangolins. It is likely that this is only the tip of the iceberg and that additional pestivirus species will be discovered soon.

Moreover, the impact of new species on the health status of individual animals or entire populations and their implications for the conservation of endangered species are still unknown. Although we know much about immunomodulatory proteins, the establishment of persistent infections, and cellular host factors of pestiviruses, there have been recent breakthroughs in understanding the mechanisms of infection. Of particular note are the recent studies on cellular receptor molecules, of which ADAM17 has been identified as a major host factor and direct interactor of the envelope protein E2.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present and summarize the latest discoveries in basic research, as well as the developments and advances in the epidemiology, diagnostics, and control of pestiviruses. Emphasis is also placed on pestiviral diseases, their pathogenesis, and their economic or environmental importance. Further investigation into the newly discovered pestiviruses and the molecular infection mechanisms of the known species will continue to be an exciting and important area of research.

Prof. Dr. Benjamin J. Lamp
Prof. Dr. Till Rümenapf
Prof. Dr. Christiane Riedel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Article
Dynamics of Infection of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus in Commercial Pigs from Birth to Market: A Longitudinal Study
Viruses 2023, 15(8), 1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081767 - 18 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was found to be associated with pigs demonstrating congenital tremors (CT), and clinical signs in pigs have been reproduced after experimental challenge. Subsequently, APPV has been identified in both symptomatic and asymptomatic swine of all ages globally. The objective [...] Read more.
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was found to be associated with pigs demonstrating congenital tremors (CT), and clinical signs in pigs have been reproduced after experimental challenge. Subsequently, APPV has been identified in both symptomatic and asymptomatic swine of all ages globally. The objective of this research was to perform a longitudinal study following two cohorts of pigs, those born in litters with pigs exhibiting CT and those born in litters without CT, to analyze the virus and antibody dynamics of APPV infection in serum from birth to market. There was a wide range in the percentage of affected pigs (8–75%) within CT-positive litters. After co-mingling with CT-positive litters at weaning, pigs from CT-negative litters developed viremia that was cleared after approximately 2 months, with the majority seroconverting by the end of the study. In contrast, a greater percentage of pigs exhibiting CT remained PCR positive throughout the growing phase, with less than one-third of these animals seroconverting. APPV RNA was present in multiple tissues from pigs in both groups at the time of marketing. This study improved our understanding of the infection dynamics of APPV in swine and the impact that the immune status and timing of infection have on the persistence of APPV in serum and tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pestivirus 2023)
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Article
Structure of Bovine CD46 Ectodomain
Viruses 2023, 15(7), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071424 - 23 Jun 2023
Viewed by 567
Abstract
CD46, or membrane cofactor protein, is a type-one transmembrane protein from the complement regulatory protein family. Alongside its role in complement activation, CD46 is involved in many other processes, from T-cell activation to reproduction. It is also referred to as a pathogen magnet, [...] Read more.
CD46, or membrane cofactor protein, is a type-one transmembrane protein from the complement regulatory protein family. Alongside its role in complement activation, CD46 is involved in many other processes, from T-cell activation to reproduction. It is also referred to as a pathogen magnet, because it is used as a receptor by multiple bacteria and viruses. Bovine CD46 (bovCD46) in particular is involved in bovine viral diarrhoea virus entry, an economically important disease in cattle industries. This study presents the X-ray crystallographic structure of the extracellular region of bovCD46, revealing a four-short-consensus-repeat (SCR) structure similar to that in human CD46. SCR1-3 are arranged linearly, while SCR 4 has a reduced interface angle, resulting in a hockey stick-like appearance. The structure also reveals the bovine viral diarrhoea virus interaction site in SCR1, which is likely to confer pestivirus specificity for their target host, CD46. Insights gained from the structural information on pestivirus receptors, such as CD46, could offer valuable guidance for future control strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pestivirus 2023)
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