Dual Nature of Bacteriophages: Friends or Enemies in Food Industry?

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 829

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
2. Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: food microbiology; food safety; high pressure food processing; Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris; bacteriophage; biopreservation; biocontrol; biobanking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: bacteriophage procure-ment for therapeutic purposes; bacteriophages in food industry; bacteriophage interactions with immune cells

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Guest Editor
Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: bacteriophages in food industry; foodborne pathogens; minimally processed food; food preservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacteriophages (so-called phages) are viruses that infect bacterial cells. Due to their high host specificity, the use of bacteriophages to improve microbiological food safety represents an implementable solution. Bacteriophages can be applied in three sectors of the food industry: 1) primary production, including animal breeding and field crops; 2) bio-sanitization, mainly in production plants, to prevent the formation of biofilms on the surface of equipment, and 3) biopreservation, which aims to extend the shelf life of food by limiting the growth of saprophytic and pathogenic bacteria. Despite many advantages of using bacteriophages in the food industry, phage infections of dairy starter cultures can disrupt the production process, leading to significant economic losses.

Selected bacteriophages may be included in biopreparations, showing effectiveness in biocontrol of saprophytic and/or pathogenic bacteria, and assessed in target food matrices. Temperate bacteriophages, due to the nature of their particles amplification (accompanied by, among others, the risk of transferring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes as a result of horizontal gene transfer), should not be used in food biocontrol, while obligatorily lytic bacteriophages may constitute a promising alternative to conventional methods of preservation commonly used in many branches of the food industry. The use of virulent bacteriophages as “green biotechnology” may contribute to improving food quality and consumer health and safety. By implementing the “farm to fork” strategy, bacteriophages can guarantee the production of health-promoting and sustainable food.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions that improve our understanding of bacteriophages, as well as their possible applications as biocontrol factors in various links in the food chain. Potential areas of interest may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Isolation and characterization of new bacteriophages targeting saprophytic or pathogenic bacteria;
  • Understanding processes related to phage-related pathogenicity of bacterial strains;
  • Development of novel bacteriophage-based tools for food biocontrol;
  • Studies on the use of phage biopreparations in food industry.

We encourage the submission of different article types to this Special Issue, especially reviews, mini-reviews, and original research articles.

We look forward to receiving valuable contributions.

Prof. Dr. Barbara Sokolowska
Dr. Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
Dr. Michał Wójcicki
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bacteriophages
  • biocontrol
  • biosensors
  • food safety
  • foodborne bacterial pathogens
  • food quality
  • foodborne sapro-phytic bacteria

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Food-Grade Additives on the Viability of Ten Shigella flexneri Phages in Food to Improve Safety in Agricultural Products
by David Tomat, Cecilia Casabonne, Virginia Aquili and Andrea Quiberoni
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040474 - 26 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Bacteriophages can be used as biocontrol agents in agriculture to improve food safety, provided they can remain viable in food environments. The viability of ten Shigella phages (AShi, Shi3, Shi22, Shi30, Shi33, Shi34, Shi40, Shi88, Shi93, and Shi113) was evaluated against different additives [...] Read more.
Bacteriophages can be used as biocontrol agents in agriculture to improve food safety, provided they can remain viable in food environments. The viability of ten Shigella phages (AShi, Shi3, Shi22, Shi30, Shi33, Shi34, Shi40, Shi88, Shi93, and Shi113) was evaluated against different additives and biocides used daily in food applications. In addition, the influence of additives on phage viability in a food matrix was investigated. Treatments with lactic and citric acid were the most effective to inactivate phages. In addition, the acetic acid was the most phage-friendly treatment evaluated. Preservatives such as acetate, lactate, benzoate, sorbate, and propionate proved to be highly compatible with all the phages tested. Regarding the influence of the food matrix on phage viability, an equal or higher viability was found for most phages tested when compared with the corresponding organic acid. Finally, when phages were exposed to sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC), and H2O2, most of them were sensitive to long incubations and high concentrations. However, when biocide concentrations employed are low, 103–104 PFU mL−1 phage particles remains viable. Thus, the phages evaluated could be used in combination with additives and biocides as a biocontrol tool against the foodborne pathogen S. flexneri in agricultural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dual Nature of Bacteriophages: Friends or Enemies in Food Industry?)
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Review

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12 pages, 280 KiB  
Review
Phage-Based Control of Listeria innocua in the Food Industry: A Strategy for Preventing Listeria monocytogenes Persistence in Biofilms
by Anna Zawiasa, Marcin Schmidt and Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040482 - 27 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Listeria innocua, though considered non-pathogenic, frequently coexists with Listeria monocytogenes in industrial environments, aiding its survival in biofilms. These biofilms pose a significant challenge in food processing facilities, as they protect bacteria from disinfectants and facilitate their spread. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Listeria innocua, though considered non-pathogenic, frequently coexists with Listeria monocytogenes in industrial environments, aiding its survival in biofilms. These biofilms pose a significant challenge in food processing facilities, as they protect bacteria from disinfectants and facilitate their spread. The aim of this review was to identify bacteriophages as a promising method for eliminating Listeria biofilms from the food industry. Lytic bacteriophages show great potential in combating Listeria biofilms. Commercially available products, such as PhageGuard Listex™ (P100) (Micreos Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands), effectively reduce both L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in food products and on production surfaces. Additionally, phage-derived enzymes, such as endolysins, can degrade biofilms, eliminating bacteria without compromising food quality. The following article highlights that although bacteriophages present a promising biocontrol method, further research is necessary to assess their long-term effectiveness, particularly regarding bacterial resistance. To maximize efficacy, a combination of strategies such as phage cocktails and disinfectants is recommended to enhance biofilm eradication and minimize food contamination risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dual Nature of Bacteriophages: Friends or Enemies in Food Industry?)
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