Pathogenesis Mechanism of Swine Viral Diseases

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2025 | Viewed by 4743

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691, USA
Interests: swine disease; viral pathogenesis and disease mechanisms; infectious disease by swine coronaviruses; comparative pathology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past decade, despite many advanced control strategies to improve biosecurity and immunity in pigs, a large number of viral pathogens emerged or re-emerged in pigs worldwide. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been recently problematic in some European and Asian countries. Novel variants or genotypes of swine coronaviruses [such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine circovirus have caused economically damaging diseases. Outbreaks of swine vesicular disease associated with Senecavirus A (SVA) have been identified in North and South America and Asia. The coronavirus newly identified in China in 2017, swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) that cause enteric disease in pigs are remarkably of bat and bird origin, respectively, and both have zoonotic potential. Swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) and swine influenza virus (SIV) are also concerning due to the potential zoonotic capacity. There are many other viruses currently threatening swine health, such as classical swine fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, rotavirus, herpesvirus, astrovirus, mastadenovirus, sapovirus, torque teno sus virus, parainfluenza virus 1, etc. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic characteristics of emerging or re-emerging swine viruses, especially, naturally occurring variant strains or laboratory derived variant strains as vaccine candidates, is needed to prevent and control the disease in affected regions; to control zoonotic transmission and infection; to enhance biosecurity; and to develop an effective preventive measure or vaccine. This Special Issue of “Pathogenesis Mechanism of Swine Viral Diseases” addresses the need to strengthen the flow and exchange of new scientific information on emerging or re-emerging swine viral diseases between veterinary scientists and practitioners through publication of a selection of research articles from leading laboratories in this field. It is also hoped that this issue will further stimulate collaboration between scientists engaged in all aspects of this field of research.

Dr. Kwonil Jung
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pathogenesis
  • disease mechanism
  • swine
  • virus

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3160 KiB  
Article
Intranasal Inoculation with Classical Swine Fever Virus Provided a More Consistent Experimental Disease Model Compared to Oral Inoculation
by Mette Sif Hansen, Jens Nielsen, Åse Uttenthal, Gitte Øland Jensen and Louise Lohse
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11020056 - 28 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1773
Abstract
The severity of disease resulting from classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection is determined by several factors, including virus strain and host factors. The different outcomes of experimental studies in pigs with the same strain of CSFV emphasize the need to elucidate the [...] Read more.
The severity of disease resulting from classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection is determined by several factors, including virus strain and host factors. The different outcomes of experimental studies in pigs with the same strain of CSFV emphasize the need to elucidate the influence of individual factors within experimental protocols. In this study, we investigated the outcome of disease after oral and intranasal inoculation with a moderately virulent CSFV strain in young pigs. To compare the two routes of inoculation, various infection parameters were examined during a period of two weeks. While all intranasally inoculated pigs (n = 5) were directly infected, this was only the case for two out of five pigs after oral inoculation. In addition, the intranasally inoculated pigs developed a more pronounced clinical disease and pathological lesions, as well as markedly more change in hematological and immunological parameters than the orally inoculated pigs. The wide variation among the orally inoculated pigs implied that statistical evaluation was markedly impaired, leaving this route of application less suitable for comparative studies on classical swine fever. Furthermore, our study provides additional details about the immunomodulatory effects of CSFV on the kinetics of CRP, TNF-α, and leukocyte sub-populations in pigs after infection with the CSFV strain Paderborn. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis Mechanism of Swine Viral Diseases)
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Review

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15 pages, 1276 KiB  
Review
Understanding Post-Translational Modifications in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection
by Xiaoyong Chen and Jianlong Zhang
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(12), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120654 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1863
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious virus affecting pigs with significant impacts to the swine industry worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of post-translational modifications (PTMs) associated with PRRSV infection. We discuss the various types of PTMs, [...] Read more.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious virus affecting pigs with significant impacts to the swine industry worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of post-translational modifications (PTMs) associated with PRRSV infection. We discuss the various types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMoylation, acetylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, and lactylation, that occur during PRRSV infection. We emphasize how these modifications affect the function and activity of viral proteins, thereby influencing virus replication, assembly, and egress. Additionally, we delve into the host cellular responses triggered by PRRSV, particularly the PTMs that regulate host signaling pathways and immune responses. Furthermore, we summarize the current understandings of how PTMs facilitate the ability of virus to evade the host immune system, enabling it to establish persistent infections. Finally, we address the implications of these modifications in the development of novel antiviral strategies and the potential for exploiting PTMs as therapeutic targets. This review highlights the significance of PTMs in shaping viral pathogenicity and host antiviral mechanisms and provides valuable insights for future research aimed at developing effective interventions against PRRSV infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis Mechanism of Swine Viral Diseases)
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