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Universe
Special Issues
Supernovae Observations and Researches
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Supernovae Observations and Researches

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Stellar Astronomy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 5739

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jujia Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yunnan Observatories (YNAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
Interests: Observational diversities of supernovae, supernova cosmology, progenitor of supernova, transient survey

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, supernovae (SNe) observations and research are booming. The number of SNe candidates increased ten times in the past decade, and the number of well-observed and studied samples has also sharply increased. Now, the statistical gain from increasing numbers of samples of regular-type supernovae appears to be tapering off. However, we are observing an expansion of the parameters of SNe in the new generation of blinded, high-cadence, and multi-color surveys. In addition, an increasing number of rare events are appearing, including super-luminous or extra-faint objects, fast- or slow-rising events, and cases with signatures of interaction, suggesting a complex evolution at the late age of their progenitor. Thus, observations of even a single supernova can still yield huge scientific gains in the future. Moreover, new statistical tools also provide new methods through which distinct insights into supernova natures can be obtained.

To clarify the origin of SNe diversity and constrain the connection between supernova properties and progenitor parameters, we need to obtain multi-band information concerning these explosions. For example, the shock waves and ejected matter produced by a supernova explosion usually interact with the matter of the progenitor star, thereby changing the shape of the supernova and producing different and even rare observational features in the X-ray ultraviolet optical and radio wavelengths. Thus, multi-band observation has further promoted the study of supernovae. Furthermore, in the multi-messenger age, new observation methods such as gravitational waves and neutrinos combined with traditional electromagnetic observation will create a completely different scene in supernova observation and research.

The established observational diversities of SNe provide a new way to constrain the connection between supernova properties and progenitor parameters and introduce new challenges for the SN explosion model. Given the unique opportunities and challenges, this Special Issue aims to collect recent breakthroughs and insights in SN observation and research, including observations of particular and exciting events, statistical research and insights based on large samples, new modeling or statistical methods, new survey technologies and strategies, multi-messenger observations, the origin of observational diversities, and the relationship between observational diversities and progenitor properties.

Dr. Jujia Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supernovae
  • thermonuclear burning
  • core-collapse
  • individual
  • statistic
  • diversity
  • progenitor
  • explosion mechanism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 406 KiB  
Article
Prospects of Searching for Type Ia Supernovae with 2.5-m Wide Field Survey Telescope
by Maokai Hu, Lei Hu, Ji-an Jiang, Lin Xiao, Lulu Fan, Junjie Wei and Xuefeng Wu
Universe 2023, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9010007 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WDs) and are well-known as a distance indicator. However, it is still unclear how WDs increase their mass near the Chandrasekhar limit and how the thermonuclear runaway happens. The observational clues [...] Read more.
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WDs) and are well-known as a distance indicator. However, it is still unclear how WDs increase their mass near the Chandrasekhar limit and how the thermonuclear runaway happens. The observational clues associated with these open questions, such as the photometric data within hours to days since the explosion, are scarce. Thus, an essential way is to discover SNe Ia at specific epochs with optimal surveys. The 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) is an upcoming survey facility deployed in western China. In this paper, we assess the detectability of SNe Ia with mock observations of the WFST. Followed by the volumetric rate, we generate a spectral series of SNe Ia based on a data-based model and introduce the line-of-sight extinction to calculate the brightness from the observer. By comparing with the detection limit of the WFST, which is affected by the observing conditions, we can count the number of SNe Ia discovered by mock WFST observations. We expect that the WFST can find more than 3.0×104 pre-maximum SNe Ia within one year of running. In particular, the WFST could discover about 45 bright SNe Ia, 99 early phase SNe Ia, or 1.1×104 well-observed SNe Ia with the hypothesized Wide, Deep, or Medium modes, respectively, suggesting that the WFST will be an influential facility in time-domain astronomy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supernovae Observations and Researches)
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12 pages, 897 KiB  
Article
Radio Emission from Supernova Remnants: Model Comparison with Observations
by Denis A. Leahy, Felicity Merrick and Miroslav Filipović
Universe 2022, 8(12), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8120653 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1135
Abstract
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are an integral part in studying the properties of the Galaxy and its interstellar medium. For the current work, we compare the observed radio luminosities of SNRs to predictions based on a recent analytic model applied to 54 SNRs with [...] Read more.
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are an integral part in studying the properties of the Galaxy and its interstellar medium. For the current work, we compare the observed radio luminosities of SNRs to predictions based on a recent analytic model applied to 54 SNRs with X-ray observations. We use the X-ray data to determine the properties of shock velocities, ages and circumstellar densities for the SNRs, whereas shock radii are determined from catalogs. With this set of SNR properties, we can calculate the model radio emission and compare it to the observed radio emission for a sample of SNRs. This is the first time that this test has been carried out—previously the SNR properties were assumed instead of derived from X-ray data. With the assumption that the radio emission process depends on SNR properties in the form of power-law functions, we explore ways to improve the radio emission model. The main results of this study are (i) the model has significant deficiencies and cannot reproduce observed radio emission; and (ii) the model can be improved significantly by changing its dependence on SNR parameters, although the improved model is still not accurate. Significant work remains to improve the components of radio emission models, including changes to the SNR evolution model, the radio emitting volume, and the efficiencies for conversion of shock energy into relativistic electrons and for magnetic field amplification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supernovae Observations and Researches)
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Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 775 KiB  
Review
Probing Diversity of Type II Supernovae with the Chinese Space Station Telescope
by Han Lin, Jujia Zhang and Xinghan Zhang
Universe 2023, 9(5), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9050201 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 978
Abstract
Type II supernovae (SNe II), which show abundant hydrogen in their spectra, belong to a class of SNe with diverse observed properties. It is commonly accepted that SNe II are produced by core collapse and explosion of massive stars. However, the large photometric [...] Read more.
Type II supernovae (SNe II), which show abundant hydrogen in their spectra, belong to a class of SNe with diverse observed properties. It is commonly accepted that SNe II are produced by core collapse and explosion of massive stars. However, the large photometric and spectroscopic diversity of SNe II and the mechanisms responsible for this diversity are not thoroughly understood. In this review, we first briefly introduce the optical characteristics and possible progenitors of each subtype of SNe II. We then highlight the role of the Chinese Space Station Telescope in future SN studies. With a deep limiting magnitude, the main survey project could detect SN IIP-like objects as distant as z∼1.2 and obtain UV-optical follow-up for peculiar transients, especially those long-lived events. With a high resolution and a large field of view, the main survey camera is powerful in linking a nearby SN with its progenitor, while the integral field spectrograph is powerful in revealing the SN environment. All this information has the potential to help enrich our understanding of supernova physics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supernovae Observations and Researches)
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17 pages, 925 KiB  
Review
Gap Transients Interacting with Circumstellar Medium
by Yongzhi Cai, Andrea Reguitti, Giorgio Valerin and Xiaofeng Wang
Universe 2022, 8(10), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8100493 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1255
Abstract
In the last 20 years, modern wide-field surveys discovered a new class of peculiar transients, which lie in the luminosity gap between standard supernovae and classical novae. These transients are often called “intermediate luminosity optical transients” or “gap transients”. They are usually distinguished [...] Read more.
In the last 20 years, modern wide-field surveys discovered a new class of peculiar transients, which lie in the luminosity gap between standard supernovae and classical novae. These transients are often called “intermediate luminosity optical transients” or “gap transients”. They are usually distinguished in subgroups based on their phenomenology, such as supernova impostors, intermediate luminosity red transients, and luminous red novae. In this review, we present a brief overview of their observational features and possible physical scenarios to date, in the attempt to understand their nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supernovae Observations and Researches)
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