The Influence of Urban Air Pollution on Neurobehavioral Disorders

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurotoxicity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 585

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Faculty of Life Sciences, Madeira University, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
Interests: bioaerossols monitoring; human health impacts of air pollutants exposure
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is growing evidence that urban air pollution may affect human behaviour. Some gaseous air pollutants typically monitored in the urban environment have been said to cause abnormal human behaviours; however, there are still many uncertainties with respect to this association. It is believed that air pollution may have an impact on a broad range of neurobehavioral disorders. Disordered behaviours such as drug abuse, depression, and even suicide have been correlated with ambient air pollution. It has also been hypothesized that environmental pollutants are correlated with drug addiction and that people exposed to air pollutants may become more susceptible to the effects of drugs. Notwithstanding, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been clarified.

It is an established fact that various disorders related to mental health tend to be more prevalent in populations living in urban areas, which are associated with higher levels of atmospheric pollution. In addition to air pollution, there are other aggravating factors that can impact health, such as urbanization, traffic, noise levels, and sedentarism, among others.

Despite not fully knowing the components of air pollution, researchers have established that these pollutants can trigger neuroinflammatory processes in the human brain and can contribute to the development of mental health problems. The purpose of this Special Issue of Toxics, therefore, is to broaden the knowledge of the influence air pollutants have on mental health in urban areas via environmental exposure. We are pleased to invite you to submit original papers, reviews, and short communications that focus on single or complex psychoactive compounds and their impacts on the neurological system. The articles may include elements of the main theme spanning from epidemiological to molecular aspects and may propose threshold limits of exposure for health surveillance purposes.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Irene Camacho
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neurobehavioral disorders
  • neurobiological mechanisms
  • neuroinflammatory processes
  • psychoactive substances
  • urban air pollution
  • urban environments

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 5600 KiB  
Article
Sleep and Arousal Hubs and Ferromagnetic Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Nanoparticle Motion Under Electromagnetic Fields: Neurodegeneration, Sleep Disorders, Orexinergic Neurons, and Air Pollution in Young Urbanites
by Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Fredy Rubén Cejudo-Ruiz, Elijah W. Stommel, Angélica González-Maciel, Rafael Reynoso-Robles, Héctor G. Silva-Pereyra, Beatriz E. Pérez-Guille, Rosa Eugenia Soriano-Rosales and Ricardo Torres-Jardón
Toxics 2025, 13(4), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13040284 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Air pollution plays a key role in sleep disorders and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and/or transactive response DNA-binding protein TDP-43 neuropathology have been documented in children and young adult forensic autopsies in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MMC), along [...] Read more.
Air pollution plays a key role in sleep disorders and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and/or transactive response DNA-binding protein TDP-43 neuropathology have been documented in children and young adult forensic autopsies in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MMC), along with sleep disorders, cognitive deficits, and MRI brain atrophy in seemingly healthy young populations. Ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) reach urbanites’ brains through nasal/olfactory, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and placental barriers. We documented Fe UFPM/NPs in neurovascular units, as well as lateral hypothalamic nucleus orexinergic neurons, thalamus, medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic reticular formation, and in pinealocytes. We quantified ferromagnetic materials in sleep and arousal brain hubs and examined their motion behavior to low magnetic fields in MMC brain autopsy samples from nine children and 25 adults with AD, PD, and TDP-43 neuropathology. Saturated isothermal remanent magnetization curves at 50–300 mT were associated with UFPM/NP accumulation in sleep/awake hubs and their motion associated with 30–50 µT (DC magnetic fields) exposure. Brain samples exposed to anthropogenic PM pollution were found to be sensitive to low magnetic fields, with motion behaviors that were potentially linked to the early development and progression of fatal neurodegenerative diseases and sleep disorders. Single-domain magnetic UFPM/NPs in the orexin system, as well as arousal, sleep, and autonomic regions, are key to neurodegeneration, behavioral and cognitive impairment, and sleep disorders. We need to identify children at higher risk and monitor environmental UFPM and NP emissions and exposures to magnetic fields. Ubiquitous ferrimagnetic particles and low magnetic field exposures are a threat to global brain health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Urban Air Pollution on Neurobehavioral Disorders)
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